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1
Content available Comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of selected nuclear ship power plants with hightemperature helium- cooled nuclear reactor
Szewczuk-Krypa N., Grzymkowska A., Głuch J.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2018
|
S 1
218--224
EN
This paper presents a comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of two ship power plant systems with a hightemperature helium- cooled nuclear reactor. The first of them is a gas system with recuperator , in which classical gas chamber is substituted for a HTGR reactor (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) . The second of the considered cycles is a combined gas-steam system where working medium flux from gas turbine outlet is directed into waste heat boiler and its heat is utilized for production of superheated steam to drive steam turbine. Preliminary calculations of the combine cycles showed that it is necessary to expand the system by adding to its steam part an inter-stage overheat for secondary steam, owing to that a required degree of steam dryness at outlet from the turbine can be reached, ensuring its correct operational conditions. The analyzed power systems were compared to each other with regard to efficiency of their thermodynamic cycles. Also, efficiency of particular cycles were subjected to optimization in respect to such parameters as : working gas temperature at outlet from reactor in gas system as well as steam pressure at outlet from waste heat boiler and partition pressure in steam part of combined system. Advantages of nuclear power plants compared with the classical power systems dominating currently in sea transport were also discussed.
2
Content available remote Combined heat and power plant on offshore oil and gas installations
Følgesvold E., Skjefstad H. S., Riboldi L., Nord L. O.
Journal of Power Technologies
|
2017
|
Vol. 97, nr 2
117--126
EN
Implementation of energy efficient technologies is an issue of growing importance for the offshore oil and gas industry. Rising awareness of increasing levels of CO2in the atmosphere is a major driver in this move, with a main aim being to reduce the amount of released CO2 per unit of oil or natural gas produced. Subsequently, the addition of steam bottoming cycles to exploit exhaust heat from gas turbines offshore has become an attractive alternative. This paper will investigate two different combined cycle configurations, namely the extraction steam turbine- and the backpressure steam turbine-cycle. Both cycles were modelled using the process simulation software Ebsilon Professional with a single GE LM2500+G4 gas turbine as a topping cycle, and a once-through heat recovery steam generator to exploit GT exhaust heat. At design, the steam turbines produced 8.2 MW and 6.0 MW respectively, achieving net thermal efficiency of 45.5%/42.1%. This was a 12.3 pp/8.9 pp increase compared to the simple cycle GE LM2500+G4 configuration. The findings suggest that a backpressure steam turbine could be an attractive option for oil producing facilities with high demand for process heat, while an extraction steam turbine configuration is more suited to gas producing facilities with lower heat requirements and a higher demand for power and flexibility. Additionally, both cycles displayed a substantial reduction in emitted CO2 per MWh produced, with reductions 26% and 21% compared to the simple cycle configuration achieved for the extraction and backpressure cycle respectively.
3
Analiza nowoczesnych technik chłodzenia turbiny gazowej z zastosowanym spalaniem sekwencyjnym i ich wpływu na pracę elektrowni gazowo - parowej
Kotowicz J., Brzęczek M., Bartela Ł.
Rynek Energii
|
2016
|
Nr 3
65--71
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wpływ zastosowania różnych wariantów chłodzenia łopatek turbiny gazowej (parowego chłodzenia zamkniętego, powietrznego chłodzenia otwartego oraz powietrznego chłodzenia zamkniętego) z zastosowanym spalaniem sekwencyjnym. Zaprezentowano strukturę całego układu gazowo - parowego z zastosowanymi typami chłodzenia układu przepływowego ekspandera. Analiza rozpatrywanych układów gazowo - parowych została wykonana w szerokim zakresie stopni sprężania w kompresorze powietrza. Sporządzono główne charakterystyki pracy analizowanej elektrowni gazowo - parowej.
EN
In this article the impact of using different variants of the cooling blades in the gas turbine (closed steam cooling, open air cooling and closed air cooling) with the applied combustion sequence was presented. The structure of the combined cycle power plant with the different types of the expander cooling was presented. The analysis of the combined cycle units in a wide range of compression ratio in the compressor was conducted. Main operating characteristics of the analyzed units were performed.
4
Content available Investigation of a combined gas-steam system with flue gas recirculation
Chmielniak T., Mońka P., Pilarz P.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 37, nr 2
305-316
EN
This article presents changes in the operating parameters of a combined gas-steam cycle with a CO2 capture installation and flue gas recirculation. Parametric equations are solved in a purpose-built mathematical model of the system using the Ebsilon Professional code. Recirculated flue gases from the heat recovery boiler outlet, after being cooled and dried, are fed together with primary air into the mixer and then into the gas turbine compressor. This leads to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gases fed into the CO2 capture installation from 7.12 to 15.7%. As a consequence, there is a reduction in the demand for heat in the form of steam extracted from the turbine for the amine solution regeneration in the CO2 capture reactor. In addition, the flue gas recirculation involves a rise in the flue gas temperature (by 18 K) at the heat recovery boiler inlet and makes it possible to produce more steam. These changes ontribute to an increase in net electricity generation efficiency by 1%. The proposed model and the obtained results of numerical simulations are useful in the analysis of combined gas-steam cycles integrated with carbon dioxide separation from flue gases.
5
Wytwarzanie energii w blokach gazowo – parowych – bezpieczeństwo i przewaga ekologiczna
Kamiński A., Koziczyński P.
Rynek Energii
|
2015
|
Nr 1
50--56
PL
Gospodarka światowa stopniowo podnosi się z kolan po niedawnym kryzysie. Niezależnie od zakładanego scenariusza rozwoju, eksperci przewidują dalszy wzrost zapotrzebowania na energię pierwotną. W Polsce, gdzie w 2012 r. około 89 % energii elektrycznej wyprodukowano z węgla, gaz ziemny może stać się najbardziej faworyzowanym paliwem. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono bieżącą i prognozowaną sytuację energetyczną w Polsce oraz pokazano miejsce i status energetyki opartej na gazie ziemnym. Zaprezentowano szanse i zagrożenia związane z szerszym wykorzystaniem gazu ziemnego w krajowej energetyce. Omówiono także podstawowe parametry i uwarunkowania bloku gazowo-parowego o mocy elektrycznej 463 MW na przykładzie inwestycji PKN ORLEN S.A. we Włocławku. Za cel postawiono próbę wykazania, że spośród źródeł konwencjonalnych, energetyka gazowa wraz z kogeneracją jest obecnie najlepszym rozwiązaniem pod względem kompromisu pomiędzy bezpieczeństwem energetycznym a ochroną środowiska, co daje znaczną przewagę ekologiczną.
EN
The forecasted economic growth, after the recent crisis, for the next few decades is intimately linked to the increase in primary energy demand, regardless of the chosen baseline scenario. In Poland, where in 2012 approximately 89 % of electricity was produced on the basis of coal and lignite, natural gas may become the most favoured fuel. This article provides information on the current and projected energy situation in Poland, and also shows how gas-based energy looks at this background. The opportunities and risks associated with wider use of natural gas in Polish energy system were also presented. The basic parameters of CCGT 463 MWe on the example of investment carried out by PKN ORLEN SA in Wloclawek were also discussed. It was made an attempt to show that among conventional sources of energy, natural gas is the best option in terms of a compromise between energy safety and environmental protection.
6
Content available remote Matching of a gas turbine and an upgraded supercritical steam turbine in off-design operation
Kosman W.
Journal of Power Technologies
|
2015
|
Vol. 95, nr 1
90--96
EN
The results of the research presented in this paper refer to an upgrade of a power generating unit with a supercritical steam turbine of a moderate live steam temperature. The upgrade project involves replacing the high pressure part with a turbine driven by a high live steam temperature and adding a gas turbine. The aim of the upgrade is to increase power generation efficiency. The specific problem analyzed in the paper corresponds to the matching between the gas and steam turbine especially in off-design conditions. The analysis is based on the numerical modeling of the thermodynamic cycles. Various conditions of the operation were simulated. The results obtained enable efficiency to be assessed in the analyzed variants.
7
Content available remote An approach to enhance combined cycle performance by integration with a gas pressure reduction station
Bargiel P., Kostowski W., Usón S
Journal of Power Technologies
|
2015
|
Vol. 95, nr 1
79--89
EN
A novel system enhancing the performance of a combined cycle gas turbine has been proposed in the paper, based on the example of the thermal-electric power station currently under construction in Włocławek. Analysis shows that annual average electrical efficiency rises by 0.6% and that power output rises by up to 4%, depending on the ambient conditions. GE's GateCycle software was used in the modeling.
8
Content available remote Thermodynamic modeling of high-temperature combined cycle for hydrogen and electricity co-production
Dudek M., Jaszczur M., Kolenda Z., Polepszyc I.
Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science
|
2015
|
Vol. 22, no. 4
315--327
EN
The high (HTGR) and very high (VHTR) temperature nuclear reactors are the most innovative designs and belong to the most advanced fourth generation gas-cooled reactor technology. These types of reactors are designed to have an outlet temperature between 800–1000°C for the HTGR and the VHTR respectively. Such systems are able to generate electrical energy and supply process heat in a broad spectrum of high temperature and energy-intensive non-electric and thermal processes. In this paper, a numerical analysis of high temperature the HTGR/VHTR combined cycle with co-production of hydrogen and electricity is conducted. The presented cycle consists of three subsidiary circuits with gas turbine and two steam turbines for electric energy generation, and two heat exchangers for hydrogen production at high or medium temperature. The results show that such a combination allows a significant increase of thermal efficiency to about 50% at the reactor outlet temperature of 1273 K and a decrease in cost of hydrogen production.
9
Porównanie ekonomiczne elektrowni gazowo - parowych bez i z wychwytem CO2
Brzęczek M., Job M.
Rynek Energii
|
2014
|
Nr 3
88--92
PL
W artykule przeprowadzono analizę ekonomiczną elektrowni gazowo - parowej bez instalacji wychwytu i sprężania CO2 (CCGT), zintegrowanej z instalacją wychwytu i sprężania CO2 w technologii post - combustion (ABS) oraz elektrowni ze spalaniem tlenowym (OXY). Przedstawiono metodologię oceny ekonomicznej analizowanych bloków wraz z głównymi założeniami niezbędnymi do jej wykonania. Dla każdego wariantu wyznaczono graniczną cenę sprzedaży energii elektrycznej oraz jej składowe. Zbadano wpływ wybranych czynników ekonomicznych na zmianę granicznej ceny sprzedaży energii elektrycznej takich jak: jednostkowej ceny paliwa gazowego, jednostkowych nakładów inwestycyjnych oraz ceny uprawnień do emisji CO2.
EN
The paper presents the economic analysis of three combined cycle power plants: the unit without carbon capture installation (CCGT), the unit with carbon capture installation in post-combustion technology (ABS), and the unit with oxy-combustion technology (OXY). Methodology of economic evaluation and key assumptions are presented. The break-even price of electricity with its components were determined for analyzed plants. Influence of economic factors such as: fuel price, unit investment costs and price of CO2 emission allowances, on the break-even price of electricity were analyzed.
10
Główne tendencje w procesie rozwoju turbiny gazowej
Chmielniak T.
Rynek Energii
|
2014
|
Nr 3
69--75
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia charakteryzujące współczesne tendencje rozwoju stacjonarnych turbin gazowych. Najpierw omówiono podstawowe parametry i cechy konstrukcyjne turbin gazowych największych mocy. Szczegółowo przedstawiono charakterystyczne parametry wybranych turbin klasy H i J. Następnie zwrócono uwagę na znaczenie recyrkulacji spalin dla redukcji tlenków azotu i dwutlenku węgla w układach gazowo parowych nowej generacji. W końcowej części artykułu omówiono turbiny gazowe pracujące w układzie zamkniętym z dwutlenkiem węgla jako czynnikiem roboczym..
EN
The paper presents trends in gas turbine development with special reference to heavy duty turbines. First, the main thermodynamic and design parameters of the state of art of heavy duty gas turbines are discussed. In particular, the parameters of selected turbines Class H and J are specified. Then, the importance of the exhaust gas recirculation to reduce oxides of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the new generation combined cycles is pointed out. Finally, the paper discusses the gas turbine operating in a closed system with carbon dioxide as the working fluid.
11
Wzrost sprawności turbiny gazowej przez zastosowanie idei Szewalskiego
Ziółkowski P., Lemański M., Badur J., Zakrzewski W.
Rynek Energii
|
2012
|
Nr 3
63--70
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wpływ zastosowania upustu na sprawność turbiny gazowej. Upust w turbinie zrea-lizowano według idei prof. Roberta Szewalskiego, która polega na zastosowaniu upustu międzystopniowego w turbinie gazowej do podgrzewu powietrza zasilającego komorę spalania. Dzięki przeprowadzonej modyfikacji osiąga się wzrost sprawności obiegu oraz spadek zużycia paliwa. Analiza numeryczna obiegu cieplnego przed i po modernizacji została przeprowadzona za pomocą kodów CFM. Obiegiem wyjściowym dla przeprowadzonych obliczeń jest blok gazowo - parowy w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim.
EN
The modernization of the GT8C gas turbine into Szewalski cycle has been presented in the paper. The Szewalski idea is based on the exhaust gases extraction from gas turbine for air preheating before it enters the combustion chamber. The extracted gas transfers heat to air via the regenerative heat exchanger. Such modification leads to the cycle efficiency increase. Simultaneously amount of fuel burned in the combustion chamber decrease. The numerical analysis of thermal cycles, before and after the modification, has been carried out by means of an in-house COM-GAS code and Aspen Plus commercial package. Thermodynamic analysis has been performed assuming parameters characteristic for PGE Gorzow combined power plant.
12
Power augmentation of PGE Gorzow’s gas turbine by steam injection – thermodynamic overview
Ziółkowski P., Lemański M., Badur J., Nastałek L.
Rynek Energii
|
2012
|
Nr 1
161--167
EN
The impact of steam injection upon a gas turbine and a combined power plant performance has been investigated. This article describes and summarizes possibilities of modification for current gas turbine in PGE Gorzow power plant into the Cheng cycle. Our modification deals with a thermal cycle, in which steam produced in a heat recovery steam generator is injected into the gas turbine’s combustion chamber. It has been proved that an increase of the mass flow rate of the expanded exhaust gases causes an increase in both the power and efficiency of gas turbine. Steam injection also helps to reduce NOx formation and is profitable from a thermodynamic, economic and ecological standpoint. The numerical analysis of thermal cycles, before and after the modification, has been carried out by means of an in-house COM-GAS code and Aspen Plus commercial package.
PL
W artykule zbadano wpływ wtrysk pary wodnej na wydajność turbiny gazowej i obiegu gazowo-parowego. Artykuł opisuje i podsumowuje możliwości zmodyfikowania turbiny gazowej elektrociepłowni PGE Gorzów do obiegu Chenga. Modyfikacja związana jest z obiegiem cieplnym, w którym produkowana para w kotle utylizacyjnym wtryskiwana jest do komory spalania turbiny gazowej. Udowodniono, że wzrost strumienia masy ekspandujących spalin powoduje wzrost mocy i sprawności turbiny gazowej. Dodatkowo, wtrysk pary wodnej powoduje obniżenie tlenków azotu NOx i z punktu widzenia termodynamicznego, ekonomicznego i ekologicznego jest zabiegiem korzystnym. Obliczenia numeryczne obiegu cieplnego przed i po modyfikacji wykonano za pomocą własnego kodu COM – GAS oraz komercyjnego programu Aspen Plus.
13
Content available remote Steam bottoming cycles offshore - challenges and possibilities
Nord L. O., Bolland O.
Journal of Power Technologies
|
2012
|
Vol. 92, nr 3
201--207
EN
This paper addresses the challenges and possibilities related to offshore steam bottoming cycles with a special focus on once-through heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). The main focus of the paper is to investigate the compromise between weight and efficiency of the HRSG by process simulation. The cost per installed kg of equipment is high offshore. Therefore, any bottoming cycle, applied to the back-end of the gas turbine, needs to be compact, yet sufficiently efficient. Important parameters to make the HRSG compact were the number of steam pressure levels, the HRSG technology, the flue gas pressure drop in the HRSG, and the pinch-point temperature difference. While selecting the parameters as a compromise between weight and efficiency, the combined cycle net plant efficiency was found to be approximately 50% with a power output of 43 MW. The steam turbine gross power output was 11 MW or about 25% of the total combined cycle plant gross power output. These results were compared to an onshore reference plant model which utilized the same type of aeroderivative gas turbine. The weight of the offshore once-through HRSG was about one third of the onshore HRSG. The net plant efficiency was 3%-points lower for the offshore system.
14
Content available Thermodynamic analysis of a new conception of supplementary firing in a combined cycle
Kotowicz J., Bartela Ł., Balicki A.
Archives of Thermodynamics
|
2010
|
Vol. 31, no. 4
15-24
EN
The paper analyzes a new concept of integration of combined cycle with the installation of supplementary firing. The whole system was enclosed by thermodynamic analysis, which consists of a gas-steam unit with triple-pressure heat recovery steam generator. The system uses a determined model of the gas turbine and the assumptions relating to the construction features of steam-water part were made. The proposed conception involves building of supplementary firing installation only on part of the exhaust stream leaving the gas turbine. In the proposed solution superheater was divided into two sections, one of which was located on the exhaust gases leaving the installation of supplementary firing. The paper presents the results of the analyses of which the main aim was to demonstrate the superiority of the new thermodynamic concept of the supplementary firing over the classical one. For this purpose a model of a system was built, in which it was possible to carry out simulations of the gradual transition from a classically understood supplementary firing to the supplementary firing completely modified. For building of a model the GateCycle[TM] software was used.
15
Content available Technical And Economical Analysis Of Combined Cycles Of Gas Turbine - Steam Turbine On Pipeline Compressor Stations. Part I - Technical Analysis
Górecki M., Dzida M.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
|
2007
|
Vol. 2, no 1
141-147
EN
In this part there have been shown issues of combined cycle which are on Gas Compressor Stations, reclaiming steam blocks. In analysis of this issue there have been taken few variants of steam cycle configuration and few variants of part load of gas turbine. To steam cycles there have been taken all basis parameters, and then there have been made thermodynamic calculations, which result was value of possibility to make electric energy through steam turbine. In summarizing there have been made an opinion about profitability investment and compared economic results for separate variants.
16
Content available Technical And Economical Analysis Of Combined Cycles Of Gas Turbine - Steam Turbine On Pipeline Compressor Stations. Part II - Economic Analysis
Dzida M., Górecki M.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
|
2007
|
Vol. 2, no 1
149-155
EN
In this part there have been shown issues of combined cycle which are on Gas Compressor Stations, reclaiming steam blocks. In analysis of this issue there have been taken few variants of steam cycle configuration and few variants of part load of gas turbine. To steam cycles there have been taken all basis parameters, and then there have been made thermodynamic calculations, which result was value of possibility to make electric energy through steam turbine. In summarizing there have been made an opinion about profitability investment and compared economic results for separate variants.
17
Content available Badania wpływu struktury elektrowni gazowo-parowych na charakterystyki sprawności
Kotowicz J., Chmielniak T.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2006
|
nr 10 (82)
273-286
PL
W artykule przedstawiono dwie metodologie określania sprawności elektrowni gazowo-parowych. Dla każdej metodologii przedstawiono przykłady obliczeniowe. Opracowane metodologie pozwalają wyznaczyć sprawność badanych układów w funkcji temperatury na wlocie do turbiny gazowej i stopnia sprężania przy optymalnej części parowej układu. Obliczenia wykonano dla różnych struktur elektrowni: z kotłem jednociśnieniowym, dwuciśnieniowym z przegrzewem i bez przegrzewu międzystopniowego oraz trójciśnieniowym z przegrzewem międzystopniowym.
EN
The paper deals with two methods of determining the efficiency of combined gas-and-steam power stations. For each of them examples of calculations have been quoted. These two methods permit to determine the efficiency of investigated systems as a function of temperature at the inlet to the gas turbine and the compression ratio for the optimal steam part of the system. Calculations have been carried out concerning various structures of power stations with a single-pressure waste-heat boiler, a double-pressure waste-heat boiler with and without reheat and a triple-pressure waste-heat boiler and reheat.
18
Wykorzystanie dynamicznych sieci neuronowych do modelowania pracy bloku gazowo-parowego
Kaproń H., Wydra M.
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Mechanika
|
2005
|
z. 211
107--113
PL
W artykule przedstawiono proces modelowania układu turbiny gazowej z generatorem energii elektrycznej przy użyciu sztucznych sieci neuronowych ze sprzężeniem zwrotnym. Przedstawiono struktury sieci neuronowych wykorzystanych do modelowania obiektu, dokonano analizy dokładności modeli na podstawie błędu średniokwadratowego (MSE) ze względu na ilość neuronów warstwy ukrytej oraz ilość próbek pamiętanych w pętli sprzężenia zwrotnego. Wyznaczono rodzinę funkcji MSE=f(n). Zaproponowano sposób wykorzystania budowanych modeli do optymalizacji pracy układu w warunkach zmiennego obciążenia.
EN
The paper deals with process of modelling a gas turbine with power generator. Different structures of neural networks used for modelling are shown. Accuracy analysis of neural network models using mean square error (MSE) and function MSE=f(n) has been estimated. The way of using investigated models for control and optimization in variable load conditions has been proposed.
19
Content available remote Kombinowana siłownia okrętowa z silnikiem tłokowym wolnoobrotowym z turbiną mocy i turbiną parową
Dzida M., Mucharski J.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Morska w Szczecinie
|
2003
|
nr 71
117-129
PL
Przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego, algorytm i obliczenia poszczególnych podukładów: turbodoładowania, turbiny mocy i obiegu turbiny parowej. Podano założenia i przyjęte ograniczenia do obliczeń, jak również niektóre parametry układu skonfrontowano z badaniami eksperymentalnymi dostępnymi w literaturze. Optymalizację energetyczną całej kombinowanej siłowni okrętowej przeprowadzono tylko z punktu termodynamicznego. Nie zajmowano się analizą techniczno-ekonomiczną.
EN
The paper presents the concept of a combined ship power plant including diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine, and the algorithm and calculations of particular subsystems: of turbocharging, power turbine and steam turbine circulation. Assumptions and assumed restrictions for calculations have been presented; also, some parameters of the system have been confronted with the results of experimental research available in literature. The power optimisation of the whole combined power plant has been performed only from the thermodynamic point of view. No attention has been paid to a technical and economical analysis.
20
Content available remote An impact of ambient parameters change on steam and gas turbosets control
Domachowski Z.
Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery
|
2003
|
nr 113
25-34
EN
An ifluence of ambient parameters change on performance of gas and steam turbines has been compared. On such basis an impact of such disturbances on combined cycle power plant has been analysed. A compensator for such changes has been suggested to eliminate the dependence of combined cycle power plant performance on ambient pressure and temperature.
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