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Liposomalna cytarabina : to już 25 lat!

Pentak Danuta

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2024

[Z] 78, 5-6

491--505

The first research on liposomes took place in the mid-19th century. It was then that lecithin was isolated from egg yolk for the first time. The phenomenon of swelling of lipids in aqueous solution was then observed. This was done by Maurice Gobley. In the early 1960s, English biophysicist Alec Bangham noticed that lipids had a natural tendency to spontaneously transform into a closed, double bilayer vesicle. Bangham called the discovered structures "spherulites". In subsequent years, this name evolved through the term "banghosomes", giving today's name - liposomes. Liposomes can be carriers of various drugs, including anticancer ones.

Bioanalytical methods and extraction techniques for the quantification of hydrochlorothiazide and its pharmaceutical combinations : A comprehensive review

Chakraborty Atyurmila, Jayaseelan Kavitha, Rathinam Seetharaman, Kokilambigai K. S., Nethra K.

Acta Chromatographica

2024

Vol. 36, no. 4

307--332

Hydrochlorothiazide has been utilized clinically for the past half-century, which is popularly known as a “water pill” as it produces increased urine output. The advancement of bioanalytical methods brought a dynamic field with exciting opportunities for future research. The current review emphasis the bioanalytical methods employed for the quantitative estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide as monotherapy and its popularly used combinational medications available from 1956 to till date. A fixed dose of 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide with 43 combinational medications is currently available in the market and these combinations are widely employed in the treatment of hypertensive people; those whose blood pressure does not respond effectively to monotherapy of hydrochlorothiazide and also for the treatment of edema (excess fluid in the body) caused by illness such as heart failure, liver problems, and renal disease. It has been convincingly demonstrated that the combination of any two antihypertensive medications belonging to different groups of the same category, significantly lowers blood pressure, in comparison with the effect produced by increasing the dose of a single medicament. Among the various analytical techniques employed for the estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide, the review portrays that hyphenated technique, in specific liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy was widely employed. The validation parameters namely linearity, LOD, LOQ for individual drug and their combinations, were successfully calibrated. The effectiveness of analytical approaches was evaluated and enhanced for chemical factors. The involvement of green chemistry in the optimized methods for the evaluation of Hydrochlorothiazide for the future development, are suggested.