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1

Development of solar energy in Poland in the context of European countries

Mularczyk Anna, Zdonek Iwona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 161

171--186

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyse the development of solar energy in Poland against the background of other European countries. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted on data for 22 countries between 2012 and 2020 using dynamic analysis and multivariate analysis in the form of cluster analysis. Findings: Between 2012 and 2020, intensive development of solar energy sources was observed in the 22 countries studied. Although Poland invests very intensively - compared to other countries - in solar technologies (especially in photovoltaics), it does not yet belong to the cluster of high-performing countries in this respect. Originality/value: The article's value is to view the development of solar thermal systems in Poland and Europe from the perspective of a multidimensional analysis, which we conducted in two separate time units. This allowed us to draw conclusions about the development of solar systems in Poland also with regard to time.

2

Proposition of a bubble-particle attachment model based on DLVO van der Waals and electric double layer interactions for froth flotation modelling

Buchmann Markus, Öktem Gülce, Rudolph Martin, Boogaart K. Gerald van den

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 5

art. no. 154812

EN

The attachment of bubbles and particles represents one of the sub-processes in froth flotation among others (e.g. collision and detachment). The main interactions present at short distances in such a bubble-particle system are the van der Waals and electrostatic double layer interactions combined in the DLVO theory. In this study, the special features of the attachment process were discussed with a focus on flotation. For the van der Waals interactions, the Hamaker constants were calculated with the help of Lifshitz´ macroscopic theory as a function of the separation distance for specific material combinations. A specific material system (PbS-Water-Air) was used to demonstrate the implementation of bubble-particle attachment of the proposed modelling framework. The effects of additional surfactant/collector and air layers on the solid interface were presented. This framework of layered systems showed that the sign of van der Waals interaction could be turned from repulsive to attractive without the need to extend the DLVO theory. The thickness of the layer as a function of collector adsorption between a particle and a bubble is suggested as a modelling parameter in bubble-particle attachment efficiency.

3

Comparison of anionic, cationic and amphoteric collectors used in pyrite flotation

Bulut Gülay, Sirkeci A. A., Arı Beril

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 5

15--22

EN

In this study, flotation tests were conducted with purified pyrite and ore samples. The collectors employed were anionic and cationic type such as potassium ethlyl-amyl xanthate, Tomamine M73 and Resanol Bal. According to the flotation tests, it was found that pyrite floated at low pH and depressed at high pH values with xanthates. On the other hand, in the case of cationic collectors which are Tomamine M73 (alkyl ether amine, an amphoteric surfactant) and Resanol Bal (N-3-tridecyloxy propyl 1-3 diamine, branched acetate) pyrite floated at high pH values. It was shown that amine type collectors could be efficient to selectively float pyrite from chalcopyrite at alkali pH ranges in the case of ore samples.

4

Energetic & exergetic analysis of a parabolic trough: concentrated solar power plant

Nagpal Mohit, Maithani Rajesh, Kumar Suresh

Acta Innovations

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2021

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no. 40

19--30

EN

Solar energy is the most affordable source of energy. Parabolic trough systems are used to concentrate and extract heat, therefore it’s very significant to analyse its performance in terms of energy and exergy. Exergy based analysis of the system ensures the eradication of losses, resulting in the yield of energy of the highest quality. In this paper, an investigation has been carried out using numerical simulation with an objective of analysis of Parabolic Trough Collectors on the basis of energy and exergy. Detailed second law analysis has been performed by varying the system and operating parameters through computer simulation. Exergy output has been determined by analysing the effect of major system parameters, namely, mirror reflectivity, glass transmissivity, absorptivity, the diameter of glass envelop, and the receiver. The operating parameters considered in the investigation are insolation and temperature rise parameters. The extensive investigation of the parabolic trough of a concentrated solar power plant for various design parameters in the range of operating parameters reveals that it is beneficial to operate the system at higher temperature as opposed to the preference of the operating system at lower temperature from purely thermal considerations.

5

Tetrahydrofurfuryl-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as collectors for low rank coal flotation

An Maoyan, Liao Yinfei, Cao Yijun, Zhao Yifan, Qiu Yuliang

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 2

516--527

EN

In this paper, tetrahydrofurfuryl-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (TFPNs) were evaluated as collectors in low-rank coal flotation. A series of TFPNs were prepared by immobilizing tetrahydrofurfuryl groups onto the surface of polystyrene nanoparticles (PNs), and further characterized in terms of their size, shape, surface charge and surface functionalization group concentration (SFGC). The coal flotation performance using TFPNs was compared to that using PNs and diesel oil (DO). The interaction mechanisms between TFPNs and low-rank coal were also discussed. The results show that TFPNs gave higher recovery than that given by PNs and DO. Smaller TFPNs were more effective flotation collectors. The recovery of TFPNs increased firstly and then decreased with SFGC. TFPNs can specifically deposit onto the low-rank coal particles with the hydrogen bonding function between tetrahydrofurfuryl groups and oxygen-containing functional groups, and promote low-rank coal flotation by increasing the hydrophobicity and roughness of coal particle surface with the adsorbed TFPNs. It was demonstrated that TFPNs introduced a new class of collectors for low rank coal flotation.

6

Multi-stage flotation of colored impurities from albite ore in the presence of some cationic and anionic collectors

Kilinc-Aksay E.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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Vol. 54, iss. 2

220--227

EN

Mica and heavy minerals containing iron oxides and titanium oxides such as rutile and sphene are floated using cationic and anionic collectors, respectively. In this study, separation of colored impurities including mica and heavy minerals from the albite ore obtained from the Aydin region in Turkey was investigated by multi-stage flotation. The effects of the new cationic and various anionic collectors and their dosages in either acidic or natural circuits were investigated to upgrade the albite ore. In the case of the flotation stage of mica minerals, the results obtained from this study showed that the stearylamine collector (Flotigam-S) gave the best performance and an albite concentrate with 7.58% Na2O grade was produced with 81.40% Na2O recovery at 400 g/Mg Flotigam-S under the acidic condition at pH 3. Additionally, in the heavy minerals flotation stage, the use of Na-oleate in the natural circuit (pH 6) was the most effective for removal of iron and titanium oxides, and an albite concentrate with 0.042% Fe2O3 and 0.061% TiO2 grades was produced with 91.89% Fe2O3 and 88.56 %TiO2 recoveries, respectively, with the use of 900 g/Mg Na-oleate. Under the optimum conditions, the colored impurities containing mica minerals, iron oxides and particularly sphene as well as rutile could be effectively removed from the albite ore in the presence of Flotigam-S and Na-oleate collectors by multi-stage flotation.

7

Micro-FTIR analysis to study the change in surface chemistry after addition of collectors and their effect on coal hydrophobicity

Wang W., Kumar A., Holuszko M. E., Mastalerz M.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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Vol. 54, iss. 4

1292--1302

EN

In this study, the micro-FTIR analysis was used to investigate in-situ surface properties of coal, and was directly correlated to coal hydrophobicity, as measured by the contact angle before and after the addition of collectors, to understand their suitability for flotation. Three different collectors, diesel, pine needle oil and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) were tested. The micro-FTIR technique provided a semi-quantitative analysis of functional groups present on the coal surface exactly where the contact angle was measured and provided a visualization of collector adsorption on specific areas of coal and associated changes in coal surface properties. This analysis could lead to a smarter way of using process design in terms of reagent selection for coal flotation to obtain a product of desired petrographic composition, which would especially be useful for coking coals. This study presents a work in progress for developing a procedure for a quick pre-selection of collectors for coal flotation based on coal surface properties.

8

Analysis of the Inhomogeneity of an Electrospun Mat Produced Using Static and Dynamic Collectors of Different Template Design, Including its Mitigation

Pathalamuthu P., Shahana S. T., Nivedha U., Siddharthan A., Giridev V. R.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2017

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Vol. 25, no. 3 (123)

53--61

EN

In an electrospinning process, as the deposition of fibres occurs randomly over the collector, the mats produced are generally expected to have homogeneous properties throughout the mat. This study compares the ultimate tensile strength, porosity, thickness and morphology of the different portions of mats sectioned at various angular locations. The influence of the template design and mode of operation of the collectors on the properties of electrospun mats were investigated. The inhomogeneity in the properties of the electrospun mat produced using stationary collectors was significant, irrespective of the different template design of the collectors. However, the collectors operated in the dynamic mode decrease variations in the properties among the different sections of the electrospun mats. By choosing a particular template design and mode of operation of the collector, an electrospun mat of desired orientation can be achieved.

PL

W pracy porównano wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, porowatość, grubość i morfologię różnych fragmentów włóknin wytworzonych przy użyciu kolektorów statycznych i dynamicznych. Zbadano wpływ sposobu działania kolektorów na właściwości otrzymanych włóknin. Zaobserwowano znaczącą niejednorodność właściwości włóknin wytworzonych przy użyciu kolektorów statycznych. Stwierdzono, że kolektory pracujące w trybie dynamicznym zmniejszają odchylenia właściwości pomiędzy różnymi sekcjami włóknin. Poprzez wybranie odpowiedniego sposobu działania kolektora, można uzyskać włókninę o pożądanej orientacji.

9

Rozwój cieplnej energetyki słonecznej w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej

Kurzak L.

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2016

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nr 2(18)

41--48

PL

W pracy przedstawiono możliwości i potencjał energii Słońca oraz tendencje w jej wykorzystaniu. Polityka energetyczna UE, a w szczególności nowa dyrektywa UE o promocji stosowania odnawialnych źródeł energii stwarzają warunki do szybkiego rozwoju nowoczesnych technologii energetyki słonecznej. Ewolucja wykorzystania energii Słońca w Polsce i UE pokazuje na wielki potencjał termalnej energetyki słonecznej.

EN

The paper presents the possibilities and potential of solar energy and the trends in its use. EU energy policy, and in particular the new EU Directive on the promotion of renewable energy sources create conditions for rapid development of modern technology of solar energy. The evolution of the use of solar energy in Poland and the EU points to the great potential of thermal solar energy.

10

Nowa generacja reagentów przywracających właściwości pojemnościowo-filtracyjne warstw wydobywczych w warunkach powtórnego udostępnienia i rekonstrukcji odwiertu

Ivankiv O. O., Ahmetova V. M., Dyvoniak Ju. I.

Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz

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2010

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T. 27, z. 1--2

173-181

PL

Podczas pierwotnego udostępnienia kolektorów zachodzi zjawisko pogorszenia się właściwości filtracyjnych, na skutek negatywnego wpływu filtratu płynów wiertniczych i fazy stałej. Ustalono, że wraz z wydłużeniem czasu wpływu płynów wiertniczych na horyzont, ilość tzw. "suchych" warstw wzrasta, ze względu na pogorszenie właściwości kolektorskich. Na przykład, badania odwiertów na Ukrainie wykazały, iż pod wpływem działania płynów wiertniczych przez okres krótszy niż 3 doby, uzyskano przypływ z 50% obiektów, przy działaniu płynów wiertniczych od 4 do 10 dni uzyskano przypływ z 29% obiektów, a przy działaniu dłuższym niż 10 dni otrzymano przypływ tylko z 17% obiektów. Laboratoryjne i analityczne badania ujawniły mechanizm blokowania przestrzeni porowatej przez polimerowy składnik płynów wiertniczych. Usuwanie polimerowych składników z przestrzeni porowatej jest ważnym zadaniem w odzyskaniu właściwości filtracyjnych kolektora zarówno w końcowym etapie wiercenia, jak i po rekonstrukcji. W laboratorium PW UPIG, uwzględniając stosowane polimerowe składniki płynu wiertniczego, zaprojektowano i zbadano 2 zestawy chemicznych środków utleniających HV i DT, stosowanych do oczyszczania przestrzeni porowej przy wtórnym otwarciu horyzontu wydobywczego, powodujące zniszczenie polimerowych struktur w płynach wiertniczych. Prowadzono badania zmiany lepkości polimerów poliakryloamidy (marka A-1020 i A-227), polianionową celulozę (PAC - Celpol R), oksyetylocelulozę (OEC), karboksymetylocelulozę (Fin-Fix-HL), biopolimery (Duo-vis, Flo-vis i Xhanthan gum IV) pod wpływem reagentów HV i DT przy różnych wysokościach temperatury (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 oC). Wykazano pozytywny wpływ HV i DT na filtracyjno-pojemnościowe właściwości terygenicznych i węglanowe kolektory po ich wcześniejszym uszkodzeniu przez płyny wiertnicze. Opracowane reagenty HV i DT można rekomendować do wykorzystania na naftowych oraz gazowo-kondensatowych złożach w celu oczyszczania złoża z zanieczyszczeń polimerowych po pracach wiertniczych i rekonstrukcyjnych, stosując je podczas zabiegów perforacji i zagospodarowania odwiertów.

EN

At time of the repeated opening of the low-permeable collectors the worsening of their filtrating characteristics takes place. The worsening happens because of negative influence of the solid phase and filtrate of the washing fluid, especially because of polymeric pollution. It was estimated, that quantity of so-called "dry" fields increases during increase of the duration of the effect of the washing fluid over the field. For example, according the results of the tests on wells in Ukraine it was established that if the washing fluid was effecting on the field during was not less than 3 days, the inflow was gained from 50% of the objects; that if the effecting was 4 to 10 days, the inflow was gained from 29% of the objects; and that if the effecting was more than 10 days, the inflow was gained only from 17% of the objects. The conducted laboratory and analytic researches discovered the mechanism of the collector blocking by the polymeric component of the washing fluid. Removal of the polymeric reagents from the pore space is a urgent problem during the recovery of the filtrating characteristics of the fields at the ending of the drilling, as well as after overhaul of the well. At Ukrainian State Geological Institute there were developed and researched two chemical solutions of reagents-oxidizers HV and DT. Their function was cleaning of the pore space during repeated opening of the productive fields and during development. These reagents contribute in destruction of the polymeric connections of the colmatants and their removal from the field. For improving of the effectiveness of the developed reagents by the temperatures from 20 to 100 degrees of Celsius, there were analysed the main polymers used for wells drilling, such as PAA (marking A-1020, A-227), Celpol R, carboxyl-methyl-cellulose, Fin-Fix HL, Duo-vis, Flo-vis, and Xhanthan Gum IV). At the end of the research, the needed temperature conditions were selected, which are needed for their destruction at field conditions. The research on the real samples from oil and gas fields showed that the developed reagents HV and DT have a high level efficiency in recovery of the filtrating characteristics of the sand and carbonate collectors.

11

Rury zwiększonej odporności chemicznej

Kaczmarek J.

Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne

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2009

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Nr 3

90-91

PL

W artykule omówione zostały systemy kanalizacyjne oferowane przez firmę Consolis Polska.

12

Ślady słynnych europejskich kolekcji geologicznych w Muzeum Geologii Złóż Im. Cz. Poborskich w Gliwicach

Krzeszowska E., Machłajewska I.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2009

|

R. 54, nr 1

157-170

13

Przyrodnicy, kolekcjonerzy i teoretycy muzealnictwa

Arabas I.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

|

2009

|

R. 54, nr 1

115-130

EN

The origins of the contemporary collectorship dates from times when the sameness of art and science was commonly accepted. In those days relics of the ancient past and natural individuals of newly discovered lands were presented at the same time. Cosmological character of the collections manifested the tenacity of recognition and representation of the surrounding reality. A great impact on completion of collections of curiosities in Europe had Netherlands, and in the basin of Baltic Sea a remarkable significance was gained by Hanseatic Gdańsk. Collections of Jakub Breyn, Jakub Klein and Gotfryd Reyger became famous then. In the same way were imported individuals for Anna Jabłonowska that composed one of the most interesting European collections. In course of time merging such a great multiplicity of collections was beyond collectors' power and museum pieces from collections of curiosities were parcelled out. It was a real beginning of specialistic museums. A role of museum for science results from its function of methodical organizing collections that can be used by research workers. However, although the aims of scientific and museum centres are different, they come together on the occasion of museum recognition works when museums' workers borrow essential knowledge and methods from resources of science, and scientists search for useful research materials in museum resources.

14

Budowa kanału odciążającego kolektor B w Nowej Hucie

Łukasik J., Cyganik G.

Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne

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2008

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Nr 6

46-47

PL

W ramach przedsięwzięcia .Gospodarka wodno-ściekowa w Krakowie - etap I., w latach 2007-2008 zostało zrealizowane jedno z zadań: budowa kanału odciążającego kolektor B w Nowej Hucie. Projekt ten został częściowo sfinansowany ze środków unijnych.

15

Straty mocy cieplnej płaskich kolektorów cieczy

Kubik J., Skotnicová I., Vaverka J.

Roczniki Inżynierii Budowlanej

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2006

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z. 6

61--64

EN

Process of heat transfer in working liquid of collector is analysed in the paper. Especially, thermal power decrease of collector caused by change of sorptive properties of absorbing coatings is considered.

16

Solar heating using roof module collectors examples from new and existng building areas

Dalenbäck J. O.

Polska Energetyka Słoneczna

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2006

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nr 1-2

15-21

EN

Solar heating plant or a district heating network. The paper will describe a development of roof integrated collectors from site built colectors to prefabricated roof module collectors based on two major applications: new residential buildings built by EKSTA Bostads AB and existing multifamily buildings renovated by Gärdstensbostäder AB, both municipal housing companies are in the Gőteborg area. Since early 1980`s EKSTA has built about 10 new residential developments with about 6000 m2 of solar collectors on a number of new buildings. The majority of buildings, typically better insulated than required by the Swedish building code, are connected to local heating plants combining wood pellet or briquette boilers and solar heating using roof-integrated solar collectors. Gärdstensbostäder has carried out a renovation project with the aim to demonstrate a comprehensive intyegrated concept, comprising energy concervation and utilisation of solar energy, as well as improved architectural and social conditions, making the buildings in a typical existing residential building area from the 1970`s more attractive. The project comprises 500 apartments in3-5 floor concrete element in six blocks. The renovation was carried out in two phases: one finished late 2000 and one finished in early 2004. One innovative feature is 1 410 m2 prefabricated roof modules with integrated solar collectors for pre-heating DHW.

17

Large profile rehabilitation using polymer concrete elements Mainfeld collector in Frankfurt upon Main, Germany

Kammerer R., Bloomfield T. D.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Budownictwo

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2005

|

Z. 44

165-178

EN

Over a length of about 2,200 m biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion had damaged Mainfeld collector and destroyed about 2 cm of the material all over the walls and ceiling. The collector was built about 30 years ago and is made up of in situ concrete. Its profile is rectangular, the width being 2.5 or 4 m, and its height 2 or 3 m, respectively. Since the collector's load bearing capacity was not impaired the rehabilitation was done by installing an acid-resistant liner. During the planning phase the materials and methods to be employed as well as the basic conditions for implementation of the work (e.g. water management) were determined. Based on a functional tender we then chose the variant with a self-supporting liner made up of polymer concrete elements. The costs of rehabilitation amounted to approximately € 8 mill. The project was completed properly in schedule.

PL

Kolektor ogólnospławny Meinfeld we Frankfurcie wykazywał na długości 2,2 km ubytki materiału sięgające 2 cm na ściankach i na sklepieniu kanału, powstałe na skutek działania korodującego kwasu siarkowego (z procesów biodegradacji). Kolektor został zbudowany metodą szalunków z betonu przez 30 laty i miał profil prostokątny, o szerokości od 2,5 do 4 m i wysokości od 2 do 3 m. Ze względu na to, iż nośność kanału pozostała nienaruszona, renowację przeprowadzono, stosując wykładzinę z materiału kwasoodpornego. Przetarg, uwarunkowany funkcjonalnością zastosowanego materiału, rozstrzygnięto na korzyść samonośnych segmentów polimerobetonowych, wyprodukowanych przez firmę Meyer Rohr+Schacht GmbH z Luneburga. Koszty renowacji wyniosły 8 mln Euro. Zadanie zostało wykonane terminowo i fachowo.

18

Wpływ stanów dynamicznych kolektorów na prace słonecznej instalacji CWU

Pluta Z., Wnuk R.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Mechanika

|

2003

|

z. 202

149--158

PL

Każdy kolektor słoneczny pracuje praktycznie cały czas w stanie nieustalonym. Energia użyteczna odbierana z kolektora jest funkcją nie tylko parametrow otoczenia (promieniowanie, temperatura) czy też chwilowego obciążenia, ale także w dużym stopniu zależy od pojemności cieplnej elementów konstrukcyjnych kolektora. Zwyczajowo zyski energetyczne kolektora słonecznego opisuje się jego charakterystyką cieplną uzależniającą energie użyteczną odbieraną z kolektora od promieniowania słonecznego padającego na kolektor oraz temperatury pracy kolektora. Charakterystyki takie są jednak słuszne jedynie dla stanów ustalonych, a więc w warunkach rzeczywistych zyski energetyczne kolektora mogą być mniejsze, niż wynika to z obliczeń statycznych. Z drugiej strony, informacje uzyskane z pomiarów parametrów pracy kolektora w stanie nieustalonym i ich odpowiednia obróbka, pozwalają na określenie charakterystyki statycznej kolektora. Przedstawiony referat omawia ob wymienione wyżej zagadnienia.

EN

Almost every solar collector is in transient state in majority of operation time. Useful energy provided by collector is strong function of ambient conditions (solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature), but also depends on instantaneously collector load and thermal capacities of collector elements. Usually the solar collector usefull heat gain rate is describing by collector thermal characteristic which relates collector output to the solar radiation and operating temperature. However, these characteristics are valid only for steady state. In real operating conditions collector heat gain rate can be far lower compared to the steady state calculations. On the other hand, steady state thermal characteristics can be determined from collector dynamic measurements. The both mentioned above problems are discussed in this paper.

19

O vozmoznosti opredelenia po krovoj vosstanovlenia davlenia ob'ema pustotnogo prostranstva porody-kollektora

Levcenko V. S., Levcenko I. U.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2000

|

nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

547--551

20

Novye vozmoznosti prognoza zon razvitia kollektorov v karbonatah niznego triasa Central'nogo Predkavkaz'a

Kozub A. P., Kucugura I. I.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

|

2000

|

nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

99

RU

В пределах Центрального Предкавказья Нефтекумская свита нижнего триаса является одним из основных объектов поисково-разведочных работ на нефть и газ. Ее накопление проходило на фоне погружения и структурной деформации существовавшего здесь бассейна. В этих условиях на части территории бассейна сформировалось несколько гряд рифовых построек и множество одиночных построек, с которыми могут быть связаны месторождения нефти и газа. В процессе последующего геологического развития региона карбонатные отложения нефтекумской свиты претерпели значительные изменения, резко поменявшие первоначальный характер распределения в них коллекторов. В связи с этим, дистанционный прогноз зон развития коллекторов по материалам сейсморазведки приобретает первостепенное значение. Для решения этой задачи использовался материал ЗД съемки на Восточно-Безвод- ненской площади, который подвергся специальной обработке, направленной на выделения рассеянных волн, образующихся, как правило, на неоднородностях геологической среды. Сопоставление поля рассеянных волн с данными о фильграционно-емкостных свойствах пород нефтекумской свиты по 98 скважинам показало хорошую корреляционную связь этих параметров. Дальнейшие работы ведутся в направлении установления количественных связей между интенсивностью поля рассеянных волн и дебитом пластового флюида.