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1

The present situation and trend prospect of collector in the experimental study of flotation barite ore

Tao Yuanyuan, Liu Jie, Chang Tianjiao, Ge Wencheng

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 4

art. no. 190877

EN

Barite is a primary source of barium, which is usually recovered by flotation. However, barite and fluorite, calcite and other embedded particle size is dense, often in the form of symbiosis, it is difficult to get efficient recovery from such mixed ore; and with the increase of mineral demand, efficient flotation separation is facing great challenges; Therefore, how to effectively improve the utilization value of barite has become the focus. Flotation reagent is the main research direction of barite flotation. Therefore, This study concentration on elucidation the adsorption mechanism and its influencing factors between collectors, collectors and minerals. It is pointed out that the essence of collector adsorption is the cationic action of the hydrophilic group and the mineral surface, which offsets a part of the residual bond force and weakens the alkylation of the mineral surface, thereby reducing the hydrophilicity of the mineral surface and improving the flotation effect. Secondly, the currently known inhibitors are briefly described. Subsequently, the properties of the collector were preliminarily characterized by calculation and analysis methods, and the theory was popularized to enhanced guidance the production.

2

Application of dodecyl amine/dodium petroleum sulfonate mixed collector in quartz-feldspar flotation separation

He Yuhao, Ren Zijie, Zhu Huimin, Zheng Renjun, Li Mingyang, Song Yuhan, Chen Zhijie

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

art. no. 185553

EN

It’s highly challenging to separate feldspar from quartz by flotation owing to their similar crystal structure and physicochemical properties. Using mixed collectors has become a promising method to improve the quartz-feldspar separation. In this study, mixed dodecyl amine (DDA) and sodium petroleum sulfonate (SPS) surfactants were used in the flotation separation of feldspar and quartz, and the adsorption mechanism of mixed collectors and depression mechanisms of two depressants were investigated through zeta potential, contact angle and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. When the pH reached 4.5, the separation of feldspar from quartz was more obvious. In the presence of DDA/SPS collector, the contact angle of feldspar was increased more obviously leading to enhance hydrophobicity. The infrared spectra revealed the interaction of collectors on feldspar surface involved physical and chemical adsorption, whereas the adsorption of collector on quartz was only physical interactions. The use of sodium hexametaphosphate resulted in a significantly enhanced separation performance. The weaker physical adsorption of mixed collector on quartz can be destroyed by sodium hexametaphosphate. This study is beneficial for understanding the collect mechanisms of mixed cationic-anionic surfactants on quartz and feldspar minerals, and promotes the development of advanced feldspar separation techniques.

3

Organosolv lignin particles as an ecological reagent in the Kupfershiefer copper ore flotation

Witecki Kajetan, Szkurat Monika, Hruzova Katerina

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 6

art. no. 174363

EN

Mineral separation relies heavily on the process of flotation. This study explored the feasibility of using organosolv lignin nanoparticles and microparticles (OLP) as a greener alternative to xanthates in the flotation process for mineral separation. Xanthates are widely used but pose environmental and health risks. The efficiency of OLP as collectors was compared to collectorless flotation, resulting in approximately 50% copper recovery, indicating that OLP may not be a suitable replacement for xanthates. Further tests were conducted using a mixture of xanthates and OLP (birch nano and spruce micro) with varying substitution levels (20%, 30%, and 40%). The results demonstrated that increasing the dosage of OLP led to a decrease in flotation efficiency for copper. TOC analysis of the products revealed that high dosages (160 g/t) of birch nano and spruce micro as sole collectors showed beneficiation and selective recovery against copper. While OLPs did not prove effective as collectors, the study highlights their potential as substitutes for maltodextrin in selective flotation of the final concentrate. Two out of four tested OLPs were recommended for pilot scale testing.

4

Beneficiation of Artvin-Cerattepe copper-zinc ore by flotation

Seyrankaya Abdullah, Yontar Uğur, Canbazoğlu Mehmet, Özel Gizem, Kabaloğlu Sinan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 167499

EN

The Cerattepe (Artvin) mine contains volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in northeastern Turkey. This is a kuroko type deposit located in Late Cretaceous volcanic, intrusive and sedimentary rocks, and has a structure with dense alteration stages. In this study, batch flotation tests were carried out to determine the flotation behavior of a new sample (mix ore), that was the combination of two different ores with different flotation behaviors. The mixed ore contains 2.18% Cu, 1.46% Zn, (Cu/Zn ratio 1.49) 38.35% Fe, and 41.6% S content. An efficient separation of copper minerals from zinc minerals using the conventional selective flotation method could not be achieved due to complex mineralogy and very low liberation degree. Therefore, sequential selective flotation resulted in poor Cu recovery. The effects of flotation parameters such as collector type, collector amount, particle size, and pH conditions, were investigated to obtain a bulk copper-zinc concentrate. The best results were obtained using thionocarbamate (Aero 3894) and dithiophosphine (Aerophine 3418A) collector reagents at d80=40 μm particle size. Under optimal conditions (grain size, d80=40 μm, pH=11, amount of collector reagent 60 g/t (Aero 3894), frother (MIBC)=50 g/t, solid ratio=32%, flotation time=8 min.), a bulk copper-zinc concentrate containing 13% Cu and 9.5% Zn was obtained with a copper yield of 84.4% and a zinc yield of 88.9%. The concentrate mass pull was 13%. After rougher and two-stage scavenger flotation, a concentrate (rougher concentrate + scavenger products) was obtained with a mass pull of 22%. Copper and zinc recoveries of this concentrate were 91.8% and 92.5%, respectively.

5

Dwa kolektory, dwie maszyny ale jeden wykonawca : specjaliści od pracy w warunkach miejskich

Idzik Bartosz

Inżynieria Bezwykopowa

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2023

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nr 2

66--68

6

Synthesis of a novel hydroxamic acid flotation collector and its flotation separation of malachite against quartz

Sun Xin, Huang Lingyun, Wu Dandan, Hu Bo, Zhang Mei, Li Yaming, Tong Xiong

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 4

art. no. 149427

EN

This paper proposes a promising chelating collector, phenyl propyl hydroxamic acid (BPHA), to directly float malachite for the separation of malachite against quartz. The flotation performance and mechanism was investigated via microflotation tests, as well as through contact angle, Scanning Electron Microscopeand Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM–EDS), zeta potential, adsorption capacity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results of microflotation tests showed that BPHA has a strong ability to collect malachite and a significant selectivity against quartz. The contact angle tests showed that BPHA effectively adsorbed onto the mineral surface and could improve the hydrophobicity of the malachite surface. SEM–EDS and adsorption capacity analyses further indicated that BPHA adsorbed onto the surface of malachite. The FR-IR results suggested that BPHA could react with Cu2+ ions and facilitate strong chemical adsorption onto the surface of malachite. Furthermore, zeta potential and XPS analyses provided clear evidence that BPHA exhibited a stronger affinity for malachite and a weaker interaction with quartz.

7

Beneficiation and upgrading of Jordanian oil shale

Gougazeh Mousa Hasen

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 3

art. no. 147092

EN

Evaluation possibility of a low-quality Jordanian oil shale from Sultani, central Jordan as an alternative clean fuel by flotation technique was investigated. Oil shale sample was characterized with mineralogical and chemical analysis. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that calcite is the dominant mineral followed by quartz mineral. Other minerals such as apatite and gypsum were detected. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that mass loss is due to organic matter decomposition at 280–600°C and carbonate decomposition at 650–850°C Fourier transform infrared analysis showed the main organic groups. The effects of collector and frother doses, pulp concentration and pulp pH on the flotation performance were investigated. The kerosene and MIBC were used as collecting and frothing agents, respectively. The optimal flotation performance occurred for a collector dosage of 1000g/t, a frother dosage of 600g/t, a pulp concentration of 20g/L, a pulp pH of 4.

8

Kolektory mgły olejowej i oparów chłodziwa

Świat Obrabiarek i Narzędzi

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2021

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R. 16, nr 1

22

9

Investigations on a novel collector for anionic reverse flotation separation of quartz from iron ores

Fang Ji, Ge Yingyong, Liu Shunbing, Yu Jun, Liu Cheng

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 1

136--155

EN

It is necessary to exploit an easy and effective way to obtain flotation collector. In this paper, oleic acid was modified by oxidation reaction to obtain an excellent collector. The ﬂotation performances of oleic acid and its oxidation products were systematically investigated and a novel collector ((E)-8,11-dihydroperoxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, EDEA) was obtained. Single mineral flotation tests results showed that EDEA had strong flotation power towards quartz at pH＞11 and hardly floated hematite and magnetite at pH=8~13. The recovery of quartz could achieve 92.35% with 120 mg/L EDEA under the condition of pH=12 and dosage of CaCl2 60mg/L while the recovery was 62.44% with 120 mg/L oleic acid. Bench scale flotation tests results showed that EDEA had a preferable effect on separating quartz from iron ore especially at low flotation temperature (288K). The mechanism research revealed that EDEA attracted on quartz surface through electrostatic attraction and the neighboring EDEA molecules could form intermolecular hydrogen bonds which resulted in a closer alignment of EDEA on quartz surface.

10

Application of EIS technique to investigate the adsorption of different types of depressants on pyrite

Ertekin Zeliha, Pekmez Kadir, Kappes Ronel, Ekmekçi Zafir

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

|

Vol. 57, iss. 3

112--126

EN

Batch scale flotation tests are generally performed for testing effects of flotation reagents on flotation performance. This method becomes costly and time-consuming for testing a number of flotation reagents such as collectors, depressants and activators. Therefore, developing alternative lowcost, fast and sensitive methods have recently been the subject of intense research to obtain a better flotation performance. The electrochemical techniques have been used for the surface characterization of sulfide minerals. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is one of these techniques that can provide significant information related to surface characteristics, reagent adsorption on the sulfide minerals. In this study, EIS was used as an alternative technique to the conventional batch scale flotation tests for pre-screening of various flotation reagents using two pyrite samples containing different contents of Au and As. Sodium cyanide (NaCN), sodium metabisulfite (SMBS), and a polymeric depressant Aero 7261A were tested as depressants for two pyrite samples (Sample A from a Carlintrend ore and Sample B from a Sulfidic ore from South America) having different electrochemical characteristics. EIS results showed that the effects of the sequence of addition of collector (Potassium amyl xanthate - KAX) and depressant were also investigated to evaluate the stability of depressant and collector compounds formed at the surface. The sequence of addition of the collector and depressants was significant for Sample A but not for Sample B. The results show that EIS can be used as an effective tool for testing the performance of various flotation reagents and their mixtures on sulfide minerals.

11

Structural modification of cellulose to enhance the flotation efficiency of fine copper oxide ore

Gu Guohua, Zhu Renfeng, Chen Zhixiang

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 1

58--69

EN

Using more efficient collector to improve the recovery efficiency of fine copper oxide has become imperative as the shortage of copper mineral resources. In this study, the new collector 3-hydroxy butyrate-carboxy methyl cellulose xanthate (HCMCX) was synthesized by carboxy methyl cellulose, 3-hydroxy butyrate and carbon disulfide, all of which as raw materials . The structural characteristics of HCMCX was detected by both infrared spectrum and ultraviolet spectrum. Besides, the interacting behavior between HCMCX and fine malachite was investigated through particle size analysis, contact angle measurements, and flotation tests. Particle size analysis indicated that the mean size of malachite was increased by 8 μm while the HCMCX concentration at 200 mg/dm3. The contact angle measurements demonstrated that, comparing with the collector AX at a same dosage, the mineral surface of malachite showed a stronger hydrophobicity after interacting with HCMCX. Microflotation tests results exhibited that the recovery of malachite was about 94% when the pulp pH 8 and collector concentration at 200 mg/dm3. The results of practical ore flotation tests showed that HCMCX could as an excellent collector for flotation of fine malachite, finally to achieve the concentrates containing 20% Cu and 88% Cu recovery.

12

Eliminating the adverse effect of the lime on the gold-bearing pyrrhotite flotation using the isopentyl xanthate as collector at low alkalinity

Yang Wei, Wang Qian, Wang Yaping, Dong Ping

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 5

1250--1258

EN

Flotation optimal conditions and mechanism of regulator lime, isopentyl xanthate and butyl xanthate on pyrrhotite were investigated by flotation test, contact angle, zeta potential and infrared spectroscopic analysis. It is found that there is a certain relationship between the regulator lime and the collector isopentyl xanthate. The results of flotation indicate that lime can indeed inhibit pyrrhotite, and isopentyl xanthate can decrease the depression effect of lime on pyrrhotite in low alkalinity. The results of adsorption mechanism of lime and isopentyl xanthate show that after lime adsorbed on the pyrrhotite surface, Ca 2+inhibit the adsorption of collector with the form of Ca(OH) 2 precipitates. Compared with butyl xanthate, isopentyl xanthate could reduce the generation of hydrophilic Ca(OH) 2 and generate less hydrophilic CaCO3 as well to decrease the negative effect of gold-bearing pyrrhotite flotation depressed by lime.

13

Adsorption behavior and mechanism of an ether amine collector on collophane and quartz

Fang Ji, Ge Yingyong, Yu Jun

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 1

301--310

EN

The adsorption behaviors of an ether amine surfactant, N1-(3-((8-methyl-nonyl)oxy) propyl)propane-1,3-diamine, on collophane and quartz were studied. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to characterize the thermodynamic behavior of the adsorption process and to calculate the maximum adsorption. Results demonstrated that the adsorption of the ether amine on quartz was greater than collophane. Adsorption mechanisms were studied by means of contact angle measurement, zeta potential measurement, FT-IR analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the adsorption of the ether amine surfactant on quartz surface was easier and more efficient than collophane. Micro-flotation tests testified that the collector can efficiently separate collophane from quartz at room temperature in neutral medium.

14

Relining jednego z najważniejszych kolektorów stolicy

Hamryszak Izabela, Kucharzewski Piotr

Inżynieria Bezwykopowa

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2019

|

nr 4

62--65

PL

W Warszawie trwa wieloletni, największy w Europie, projekt środowiskowy obejmujący modernizację układu dystrybucji wody i odbioru ścieków. Łącznie na realizację prac w ramach faz I–VI wydanych zostanie około 6,7 mld zł. W tych środkach zawiera się ponad 121,8 mln zł netto, jakie zostaną przeznaczone na trwającą już renowację 4800 m kolektora Burakowskiego.

15

Pierwsza w Polsce renowacja z zastosowaniem paneli GRP wyprodukowanych w Dubaju

Pilarek Marek

Inżynieria Bezwykopowa

|

2019

|

nr 4

68--70

PL

Długość systemu kanalizacji w stolicy Małopolski to ponad 1900 km. Rocznie Wodociągi Miasta Krakowa modernizują około 10 km kanałów, a w znacznej mierze wykorzystują do tego celu technologie bezwykopowe, które z powodzeniem stosują od lat. W tym roku rozpoczęły się m.in. prace renowacyjne obejmujące prawobrzeżny kolektor rzeki Wilgi w dzielnicy Podgórze. Na długości niemal 1700 m zamontowane zostaną moduły GRP sprowadzone z Dubaju.

16

Kolektory pod Wisłą naprawione : a co z budową nowego rurociągu?

Madej Łukasz

Inżynieria Bezwykopowa

|

2019

|

nr 4

50--51

PL

Półtora miesiąca, dwa rurociągi, ponad 125 podpór, 100 zespawanych złączy, 120 osób – tak w skrócie można podsumować naprawę kolektorów w tunelu pod Wisłą w Warszawie. Umowę w tej sprawie podpisano 2 października, a 16 listopada ścieki do oczyszczalni Czajka popłynęły naprawionymi pod dnem rzeki przewodami.

17

Rewitalizacja Podziemnej Trasy Turystycznej w Przemyślu w latach 2009–2014. Część II. Dokumentacje, projekty, ekspertyzy

Stojak G.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2018

|

Nr 53

110--123

PL

W wyniku przeprowadzonych w latach 60. XX wieku badań architektoniczno-historycznych R. Frazikowa wskazała na odkrywki, elementy architektoniczne i detale, które świadczyły o wielofazowości powstania kamienicy przy Rynku 1 i konieczności dalszych badań, w tym kwerendy archiwalnej i badań archeologicznych. Badaczka sformułowała także postulaty, w których wnioskowała o pozostawienie wszystkich piwnic jako pomieszczeń nieotynkowanych z uczytelnionym wątkiem muru i uzupełnionymi spoinami. Kolejne ustalenia zapadły w 1972 roku, gdy Rynek Starego Miasta został wpisany do rejestru zabytków jako miejski układ urbanistyczny prawnie chroniony. Wynikiem analizy i badań specjalistów z Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej w Krakowie było naukowe opracowanie opinii na temat zagrożeń dla zabytkowego budownictwa w rejonie przemyskiej Starówki autorstwa Z. Strzeleckiego, S. Ropskiego, Z. Jury. Przeprowadzona została także przez Warszawski Speleoklub PTTK inwentaryzacja podziemi w rejonie Rynku Starego Miasta w Przemyślu. Powstało również opracowanie inżynieryjno-historyczne na temat podziemnych instalacji i wynikających z tego problemów rewaloryzacji historycznej części miasta Przemyśla autorstwa M. Nodżaka, A. Perłakowskiego i R. Zołotnyka. W 1997 roku zostały omówione wycinkowo przez W. Trojanowskiego stare, murowane z łamanego kamienia kanały sanitarne, biegnące pod płytą przemyskiego Rynku. Wyniki powyższych opracowań i badań architektonicznych Renaty Frazikowej były prologiem do rozpoczętych prac koncepcyjnych nad udostępnieniem piwnic w kamienicy Rynek 1 ćwierć wieku później. Na przełomie XX i XXI wieku ponownie podjęto tematykę rewitalizacji piwnic pod przemyskim magistratem w połączeniu z zabytkowym odcinkiem kolektora biegnącym pod płytą Rynku dla celów turystycznych. Stanowiło to punkt wyjścia do późniejszych prac adaptacyjnych, które miały miejsce w I ćwierćwieczu XXI wieku. Powstałe projekty obejmowały oczyszczenie i restaurację piwnic pod magistratem miejskim w kamienicy przy Rynku 1 oraz udrożnienie i rewaloryzację nowożytnego kolektora sanitarnego. Połączenie tych obu przestrzeni podziemnych o historycznym znaczeniu dla rozwoju miasta miało stanowić I etap rewitalizacji Podziemnego Przemyśla i utworzenia Podziemnej Trasy Turystycznej. Obecnie koncepcja ta jest kontynuowana przez zagospodarowanie piwnic i podziemnego przejścia kolektorem sanitarnym oraz połączenie nowoczesnym łącznikiem z dwoma kondygnacjami piwnic tzw. Kamienicy Brzykowskiej, należącej do Muzeum Historii Miasta Przemyśla, stanowiącego oddział Muzeum Narodowego Ziemi Przemyskiej. Są to interesujące rozwiązania projektowe i konserwatorskie, a także badawcze w zakresie historii architektury, ze względu na dotychczas niedostępne obiekty podziemnego budownictwa.

EN

As a result of architectural and historical research carried out in the 1960s, R. Frazikowa pointed out on outcrops, architectural elements and details that were the evidence of multi-phase construction of the tenement house at 1 Market Square and the necessity of further research including archive search and archeological research. The researcher postulated to leave all the cellars unplastered with visible fragment of the wall and filled in joints. Other arrangements were made in 1972 when the Market Square entered the register of objects of cultural heritage as an urban layout protected by law. The output of the analysis and the research by the specialists from the University of Science and Technology in Krakow was a scientific description of the opinions about the threats for the historical buildings in the Market Square of Przemyśl by Z. Strzelecki, S. Ropski, Z. Jura. Warsaw Speleo Club PTTK also carried out an inventory of the underground of the Market Square in Przemyśl. Engineering and historical study about the underground installations and connected with them problems with the upgrade of the historical part of the city was created by M. Nodżak, A. Perłakowski and R. Zołotnyk. In 1997 an old sewage system made of broken stone which runs beneath the surface of the Market Square in Przemyśl was partly described by W. Trojanowski. The results of the abovementioned descriptions and architectural research by Renata Frazikowa were the prologue to the started conceptual work on opening for public the cellars of the tenement house at 1 Market Square that took place a quarter of a century later. At the turn of the 20th and the 21st century the topic of revitalisation for tourist purposes of the cellars beneath the Magistrate building in Przemyśl together with the historical part of the collector sewer that runs beneath the surface of the Market Square was brought up again. It was the starting point for later adaptation work that took place in the fi rst quarter of the 21stcentury. The projects involved clearing and restoration of the cellars beneath the Magistrate in the tenement house at 1 Market Square as well as unblocking and upgrading of the modern collector sewer. Connecting these two underground spaces of historical value for the development of the town was the first stage of the revitalisation of the Underground Przemyśl and creating the Tourist Underground Route. At the moment the concept is continued by the development of the cellars and the underground passage along the collector sewer as well as by modern connection with two storeys of so called Brzykowska Tenement House, which belongs to the Museum of the History of the City of Przemyśl and is a branch of the National Museum of Przemyśl. They are very interesting design and conservation solutions also in terms of the history of architecture due to so far inaccessible spaces of underground constructions.

18

Implication and collecting mechanism of emulsified sodium vegetable oleate on fluorite flotation

Sun L., Liu J., Liao Y., Sun L., Liu J.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

|

Vol. 54, iss. 2

211--219

EN

The emulsified sodium vegetable oleate (ESVO) was prepared with low-cost vegetable oleate. Using ESVO as a collector, the flotation performance of fluorite had been investigated comparing with sodium oleate at a temperature of 20 ± 2 °C. The results of flotation showed that ESVO had better collecting performance than the sodium oleate. The interaction mechanism of these two collectors with fluorite was studied by the zeta potential, FTIR spectra and laser grain-size tests. Both ESVO and sodium oleate changed fluorite zeta potential by electrostatic attraction and chemical adsorption, and generated calcium carboxylate on the fluorite surface. Moreover, it was concluded that higher fluorite recovery was a consequence of ESVO smaller surface tension comparing to sodium oleate.

19

A study on the effect of active pyrite on flotation of porphyry copper ores

Molaei N., Hoseinian F. S., Rezai B.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2018

|

Vol. 54, iss. 3

922--933

EN

Active pyrite is one of the most undesirable phenomena in the flotation of porphyry copper ores. Misreported pyrite into copper concentrates decreased the grade and recovery of copper. In this study, the effective parameters on the flotation process including grinding condition and chemical parameters were evaluated in order to decrease the active pyrite recovery by flotation. Firstly, optical microscopic and grinding studies were carried out to determine the optimal particle size and grinding time. The results showed that 43 minutes of grinding is necessary to achieve the optimum liberation degree of 53 µm for flotation. Then, the flotation effective parameters such as pH (7.3, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5 and 12), collector type (Nascol, Aero 407, Aero 3477 and X231), collector concentration (12 and 25 mg/dm3), depressant concentration (0 and 25 mg/dm3) and frother concentration (0 and 25 mg/dm3) were investigated in a Denver-type laboratory flotation cell with a constant capacity of 2.5 dm3. The results showed that the optimal conditions for chalcopyrite flotation were pH of 11.5, Aero 407 as a collector with concentration of 25 mg/dm3, Dowfroth 250 (DF250) as a frother with concentration of 25 mg/dm3 and Na2SO3 as a depressant with concentration of 25 mg/dm3. The type of collector had greater effect on the chalcopyrite flotation than the other parameters. The recovery and grade of chalcopyrite and pyrite were obtained as 79.95%, 49% and 5.3%, 7.98% using the Aero 407, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the grade of final concentrate increased from 0.94% to 21.3% with three cleaner stages.

20

Z pasji do piękna. Sylwetka wybitnego kolekcjonera, profesora Mariana Morelowskiego

Chabiera P., Morelowski S.

Szkło i Ceramika

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2017

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R. 68, nr 3

22--24