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An efficient algorithm for 2-dimensional pattern matching problem

Dimri Sushil Chandra, Tiwari Umesh Kumar, Ram Mangey

Journal of KONBiN

2020

Vol. 50, iss. 2

295--313

Pattern matching is the area of computer science which deals with security and analysis of data. This work proposes two 2D pattern matching algorithms based on two different input domains. The first algorithm is for the case when the given pattern contains only two symbols, that is, binary symbols 0 and 1. The second algorithm is in the case when the given pattern contains decimal numbers, that is, the collection of symbols between 0 and 9. The algorithms proposed in this manuscript convert the given pattern into an equivalent binary or decimal number, correspondingly find the cofactors of the same dimension and convert these cofactors into numbers if a particular cofactor numer matches indicate the matching of the pattern. Furthermore, the algorithm is enhanced for decimal numbers. In the case of decimal numbers, each row of the pattern is changed to its decimal equivalent, and then, modulo with a suitable prime number changes the decimal equivalent into a number less than the prime number. If the number mismatched pattern does not exist, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is very low as compared to other traditional algorithms.

Enancjoselektywna enzymatyczna desymetryzacja katalizowana oksydoreduktazami. Dehydrogenazy w reakcji redukcji. Część I

Kołodziejska R., Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Tafelska-Kaczmarek A., Studzińska R., Wróblewski M., Augustyńska B.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2014

[Z] 68, 9-10

763--782

Enzymes act as biocatalysts whether are also mediating in all anabolic and catabolic pathways, playing an extremely important role in the cells of all life forms. Catalytic potential of oxidoreductases is most commonly used in reduction reactions. Dehydrogenases and reductases catalyze the reversible desymmetrization reactions of meso and prochiral carbonyl compounds and alkenes. The oxidoreductase- catalyzed reactions require cofactors to initiate catalysis. In most cases, it is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or its phosphorylated derivative (NADPH), which acts as a hydride donor. The necessity of employing expensive cofactors was, for the long time, one of the main limitations to the use of dehydrogenases. This problem was solved by developing a regeneration system of a cofactor in the reaction environment. Various systems are used for the cofactor recycling. In the case of a carbonyl compound reduction, an irreversible oxidation of formic acid to carbon dioxide is most frequently used. In this paper, selected examples of whole-cell and isolated enzymes applications in the carbonyl compound reduction are discussed. The application of baker’s yeast, microorganisms and dehydrogenases in enantioselective enzymatic desymmetrization (EED) of prochiral ketones leads to a broad spectrum of chiral alcohols used as intermediates in the syntheses of many pharmaceuticals and compounds presenting a potential biological activity.