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1

Determination of morphine and codeine in serum after poppy seed consumption using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Mátyus M, Kocsis Gy, Boldis O, Karvaly G, Magyari E., Fűrész J, Gachályi A

Acta Chromatographica

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2012

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Vol. 24, no. 3

351--365

EN

A sensitive method was developed for the determination of free morphine and codeine in blood. This method is suitable for detection of the ingestion of illicit drugs. This test is applicable for monitoring therapeutic doses as well as stand up in the court of law. For the test we use with deuterium tagged morphine and codeine. We tag the blood specimens with deuterium prior to testing. The active ingredients (morphine and codeine) are extracted by solid phase extraction, and eventually derivatized with pentafluoro propionic anhydride (PFPA). The resulting compounds are stable and have good chromatographic characteristics. The Gas-chromatograph coupled Mass-spectrometer (GC/MS) system is used to determine the concentration of the resulting compounds using or/in the selective ion mode (SIM). The results of the target and qualifier ions were 414, 577, 361 in the case of morphine, and 282, 445 in the case of codeine. During our measurements, the graph was linear between 1 and 100 ng / mL. All the results of the qualifications were in line with the German Standards DIN 32645, which were checked with the B.E.N. program.

2

Compartmental model of the pharmacokinetics of drugs excreted by bile or by non-renal mode

Jastrzebski J. P., Urniaz R.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2011

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Vol. 7, no. 2

31--37

EN

The theoretical biology analysis, uses mathematical and physical models and bioinformatics tools in practical medicine. The analysis in silico reduces time and costs of new designed drugs and provides wider spectrum of information for exploration. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis of genome and proteome, especially with the use of microarray allows specifying diagnosis and therapy. The methods enabling precise preparation of therapy by means of accurate medicine dosage are being currently searched, such an approach permits to increase the effectiveness of therapy, eradicate side effects (i.e. medicine overdosing), reduce the total cost of therapy and cut down its interval. The elaborated model involves the partition of human body into compartments having different physical features: weight and volume, or physiological character: metabolic efficiency, penetration rate of drug. Additional parameters can be introduced to the model: Wa/b, Wwzb and λ. Due to the nature of simulation each individual case can be run with high precision. The model is implemented in the GROW_4 virtual environment which is accessible free of charge on the websites: www.sitcome.vacau.com or www.uwm.edu.pl/bioinfo (in science/projects/grow).

3

Simultaneous RP-IP-HPLC assay of theophylline, phenobarbital, codeine, and ephedrine in a suppository

Jankovics P, Németh T, Németh-Palotás J, Kőszegi-Szalai H

Acta Chromatographica

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2010

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Vol. 22, no. 4

527--538

EN

A reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatographic (RP-IP-HPLC) method for simultaneous assay of theophylline (TH), phenobarbital (PB), codeine (CD), and ephedrine (EP) in an extemporaneous (magistral) suppository was developed and validated and used to investigate a reported serious adverse event. Samples were dissolved in dichloromethane and extracted by two-step liquid-liquid extraction with acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and, subsequently, 0.1 M NaOH solution. Separation was performed on an end-capped C 18 silica column with stepwise gradient elution. Sample preparation and chromatographic conditions were optimized on the basis of the p K a values of the analytes. Freedom from interference from the excipients, linearity ( r 2 > 0.999 for all the active ingredients), range (0.01–0.08 mg mL -1 for TH, CD, and EP; 0.0025–0.02 mg mL -1 for PB), intra-day and inter-day precision, and accuracy (recovery >95% for TH, CD, and EP and >90% for PB) of the method were demonstrated. Non-compliance of the examined product was confirmed.

4

Determination of morphine and codeine in serum and saliva by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Janowska E., Piekoszewski W.

Chemia Analityczna

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2001

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Vol. 46, No. 6

857-864

EN

The GC-MS method of morphine and codeine determination in serum and saliva was developed and validated. The sample preparation consists of enzymatic hydrolysis, deprotei-nisation, solid phase extraction and derivatisation. As the intrinsic standards D3-morphine and D3-codeine were used. Detection limit for morphine and codeine was 4 and 5 ng ml(-1); quantification limit was 14 and 15 ng ml(-1) respectively. The range of quantification was 20-1000 ng ml"1 and the recovery ranged 50-60%. For checking the applicability of the elaborated method, morphine and codeine concentrations were measured in serum and saliva samples taken from 10 addicts. The method allowed to measure morphine in saliva and may be used for monitoring taking home made heroin and detoxification process.

PL

Przedstawiono metodę oznaczania morfiny i kodeiny w surowicy krwi oraz w ślinie za pomocą chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrią mas. Ekstrakcję analitów, po wcześniejszej hydrolizie enzymatycznej, prowadzono w układzie ciecz-ciało stałe. Morfinę i kodeinę oznaczano, po derywatyzacji te(trimetylosililo)trifluoracetamidem, metodą GC-MS stosując jako substancje wzorcowe związki deuterowane. Wykrywalność metody wynosiła 4 i 5 ng ml'1 a oznaczalność 14 i 15 ng ml'1 odpowiednio dla morfiny i kodeiny. Wydajność ekstrakcji badanych związków wahała się od 50-60%. Opracowaną metodę zastosowano do pomiaru stężenia morfiny i kodeiny u 10 osób uzależnionych od pochodnych alkaloidów opium ("kompotu").