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Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Biomass Composition on Bio-Oil Characteristics

Afrah Bazlina Dawami, Riady M. Ihsan, Arsadha Juliet Patricia, Rimadhina Rizky, Cundari Lia, Izzah Rosidah Zaatil

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

264--274

EN

Pyrolysis is a method of producing oils from the raw materials of biomass by decomposing the thermochemical of organic materials at a given temperature. Free variables used in this research include pyrolysis temperaturę and biomass composition. The temperature variation of pyrolysis consists of three ranges: 100–200; 200–300; and 300–350 °C. Meanwhile, the composition of biomass consists of five combinations of waste rubber and coconut shells ranging from 0% coconut shell and 100% rubber wood to 80% coconut shell and 20% rubber shell. The physical characteristics of bio-oil analyzed include volume, pH, density, viscosity, and GC-MS analysis to determine its chemical characteristics. Research results showed that the pyrolysis temperature and composition of the biomass affected the characteristics of the bio-oil. The results of GC-MS analysis on bio-oil at 300–350 0C showed that bio-oil with a biomass composition of 80% coconut shells and 20% rubber wood yielded 50.19% phenol. The percentage of phenol is greater than that found in bio-oil with 20% coconut shells and 80% rubber wood, which is 18.78% phenol.

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Utilizing Merbau Wood and Coconut Shell Wastes as Biofuel in the Form of Pellets

Prasetyadi Gianova Vierry, Sutapa Johanes Pramana Gentur

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

172--178

EN

The wood waste generated by wood industries is increasing. On the other hand, the demand for bioenergy in the form of pellets is also rapidly increasing. Converting wood waste into wood pellets can be one of the alternatives of waste management. At the same time, improving pellets quality can be implemented to keep up with the increasing pellets demand. This study investigated the characteristics of merbau (Intsia bijuga) wood and coconut (Cocos nucifera) shell wastes pellets, and effects of material combination pellets characteristics. The results showed that merbau wood and coconut shell wastes pellets proved to meet the DIN EN 15270 pellet quality standard. Moreover, a significant improvement on merbau pellets proximate properties and calorific value was investigated; however, the crush strength of pellets was significantly decreased.

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Reduction of Ammonia Nitrogen and Chemical Oxygen Demand of Fertilizer Industry Liquid Waste by Coconut Shell Activated Carbon in Batch and Continuous Systems

Budianto Agus, Pratiwi Adelia Gita, Ningsih Sapta Ayu, Kusdarini Esthi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

156--164

EN

The fertilizer industry laboratory produces urea and ammonia nitrogen waste that can harm living things in the surrounding water bodies. Urea, nitrogen, and ammonia can be reduced by adsorption using activated carbon. This research reduced urea nitrogen and ammonia through activated carbon adsorption with a batch and continuous system. Percentage indicator of urea and ammonia nitrogen removal through Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) NH3-N and COD analysis was determined. This study aimed to obtain: 1) the percentage of NH3-N and COD reduction in stem batch; 2) the percentage of NH3-N and COD reduction in the continuous system; 3) the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation against NH3-N wastewater. They are testing the adsorption power of activated carbon in a batch system using variable levels of activated carbon: 40 g/L, 55 g/L, 70 g/L, 85 g/L, and 100 g/L and testing the adsorption power of activated carbon in a continuous system using the variable frequency of wastewater in contact with activated carbon filter cartridges, namely 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 times. The results showed: 1) in the batch system NH3-N reduction of 98.26–98.82% and COD reduction of 92.53–97.05%; 2) in continuous system reduction of NH3-N of 86.05–88.07% and COD reduction of 93.91–97.05%; 3) Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation yields constant R2 0.9464, n 0.4482, KF 0.0616 mg/g; while Langmuir’s isotherm adsorption equation yields constant R2 0.8684, b -0.1046 L/mg, and qm 7.9872 mg/g.