Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Kartografia 4D w strefie brzegowej południowego Bałtyku : zadanie państwowej służby geologicznej

Uścinowicz Grzegorz

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2023

|

Vol. 71, nr 3

138--144

EN

The research task Geological integrated coastal zone mapping concerns the recognition and visualization of the geological structure of the Polish coastal zone, enriched with the modelling of erosion-accumulation processes, including prediction of changes in the position of the shoreline and identification of geohazards. It has been running since 2012 and implements multi-instrumental research methods. To date, a total length of about 155 km of the Polish coastal zone has been studied in an area of about 621 km 2 . The main results of the work are presented in the form of maps (e.g., lithogenetic, hydrogeological, geohazard), models (e.g., morpho-geological, hydrodynamic, predictive) and specialized analyses (e.g., morphodynamical, slope stability). In general, the work carried out is done for a utilitarian purpose, i.e. aimed at the practical use of environmental information. According to the standards of the Polish Geological Survey, most of the geological data acquired can be geoprocessed.

2

Analysis of the impact of nutrients deposited from the land side on the waters of Puck Lagoon (Gdańsk Basin, Southern Baltic) : A model study

Dybowski Dawid, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka Lidia

Oceanologia

|

2023

|

Vol. 65 (2)

386--397

EN

The article analyzes the impact of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) supplied from the land on the waters of the Puck Lagoon (Gdańsk Basin, southern Baltic). The study is based on the numerical modelling. The model data was verified by comparison with the in situ measurement data. The spatial and temporal variability of the concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, and chlorophyll a were analyzed. We came to the conclusion that the load of nutrients deposited from the land side to the waters of the Puck Lagoon is relatively small (but not negligible compared to the Vistula River). However, even when a little runoff enters the reservoir with a very limited water exchange, like the Puck Lagoon, there are periods when riverine nutrients load significantly affects the functioning of the ecosystem.

3

Method for accuracy assessment of topo-bathymetric surface models based on geospatial data recorded by UAV and USV vehicles

Lewicka Oktawia

Metrology and Measurement Systems

|

2023

|

Vol. 30, nr 3

461--480

EN

Geospatial data obtained using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) are increasingly used to model the terrain in the coastal zone, in particular in shallow waterbodies (with a depth of up to 1 m). In order to generate a terrain relief, it is important to choose a method for modelling that will allow it to be accurately projected. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present a method for accuracy assessment of topo-bathymetric surface models based on geospatial data recorded by UAV and USV vehicles. Bathymetric and photogrammetric measurements were carried out on the waterbody adjacent to the public beach in Gdynia (Poland) in 2022 using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK UAV and an AutoDron USV. The geospatial data integration process was performed in the Surfer software. As a result, Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) in the coastal zone were developed using the following terrain modelling methods: Inverse Distance to a Power (IDP), Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), kriging, the Modified Shepard’s Method (MSM) and Natural Neighbour Interpolation (NNI). The conducted study does not clearly indicate any of the methods, as the selection of the method is also affected by the visualization of the generated model. However, having compared the accuracy measures of the charts and models obtained, it was concluded that for this type of data, the kriging (linear model) method was the best. Very good results were also obtained for the NNI method. The lowest value of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (0.030 m) and the lowest value of the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (0.011 m) were noted for the GRID model interpolated with the kriging (linear model) method. Moreover, the NNI and kriging (linear model) methods obtained the highest coefficient of determination value (0.999). The NNI method has the lowest value of the R68 measure (0.009 m), while the lowest value of the R95 measure (0.033 m) was noted for the kriging (linear model) method.

4

Coastal zone, key area for adaptation to sea level rise. The Gulf of Gdansk case

Zielinski Tymon, Piwowarczyk Joanna, Koroza Aleksandra

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2023

|

no. 59

208--215

EN

Climate change and its consequences, including rising ocean temperature and sea level rise are well scientifically documented. The changes are especially severe for coastal communities, which are estimated to have reached c. 50% of the world’s population. Using an example of the Gulf of Gdansk region, which is of European importance, due to the presence of two major Baltic ports and global tourism, we explore, how sea related threats may affect the region and we analyse how the three major cities are prepared to these threats. The four city developmental strategies and an additional document, an “umbrella strategy” focusing on climate change threats do not consider sea level rise and more frequent storm surges as threats. The sea level rise is briefly discussed in the fourth document. The adaptation plan, an appendix to the document, mentions sea level rise, but the discussion of the problem is indirect and involves some examples of adaptation actions in loosely similar environmental conditions. The adaptation plan, in fact includes a list of possible threats, rather than a detailed discussion of the suggestions of the measures to be undertaken. For comparison, we present a multilevel approach, which is effectively run in the Port of Rotterdam and argue that such approach should be undertaken in the studied region. We conclude that despite years of education on climate change, the problem is still not recognised and is underrepresented in practical measures of the studied region. We also provide hints on how to overcome this situation.

5

Biodiversity of the benthic diatom flora in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk: a case study of the Gdynia–Sopot transect

Hetko Dominika, Witak Małgorzata, Oliwa Sandra

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2022

|

Vol. 51, No. 2

224-238

EN

The objective of this study is to determine microhabitat preferences of benthic species occurring in epilithic (living on stones), epipsammic (growing on sand), epipelic (growing on mud) and epiphytic (living on seagrass) assemblages of the shallows of the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea). The study material was collected from 19 sites along the Gdynia-Sopot coastal zone, including the Port of Gdynia. Most of the identified diatom taxa were observed in two or three microhabitats. However, diatom species living in only one type of microhabitat and those occurring in all analyzed microhabitats were also recorded. Autecological preferences of the identified diatoms indicate organic pollution of the coastal zone of Gdynia and Sopot. However, a higher frequency of α-mesosaprobionts and polysaprobionts indicates an increase in organic pollution in the Port of Gdynia and Marina Sopot, which is associated with intense port activity and large tourist traffic.

6

Plastic contamination of sandy beaches along the southern Baltic – a one season field survey results

Mazurkiewicz Mikołaj, Martinez Paula Sancho, Konwent Weronika, Deja Kajetan, Kotwicki Lech, Węsławski Jan Marcin

Oceanologia

|

2022

|

No. 64 (4)

764--780

EN

The subject of this study was microplastics (>32 µm), large micro-/macroplastics (>2 mm) and plastic litter (visible by naked eye) contamination on sandy beaches and in coastal waters along the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. Microplastics were studied with particular attention, with simultaneous observations in the water and across the beach. Other data was intended to serve as a background and as possible sources of microplastics. Most of the microplastics found were fibers <1 mm long, with blue fibers dominating, followed by transparent, red and green ones, both in sand and water samples. The concentration of microplastics on the beach sand ranged from 118 to 1382 pieces kg−1, while in coastal waters from 0.61 to 2.76 pieces dm−3. As for large micro-/macroplastics and plastic litter, there was no dominant litter along the coast. The amount of large micro-/macroplastics ranged from 2 to 124 pieces m−2 (or from 0.13 to 44.30 g m−2). Regarding plastic litter, on average between 0.03 and 6.15 litter debris m−2 were found (or from 0.007 to 4.600 g m−2). The study confirms that plastic pollution of the Polish coastal zone is a significant problem comparable with both the rest of the Baltic Sea and other seas and oceans. Similar color-based composition of microplastics among all studied sites suggests that they may have a common source, while the contamination of large micro-/macroplastics and plastic litter (both amount of particles and their composition) along the Polish coast is highly site-specific and may be influenced by various local factors.

7

Detecting food limitation of bacterial growth during dilution experiments

Rychert Krzysztof

Oceanologia

|

2022

|

No. 64 (3)

405--416

EN

The dilution method is typically applied to estimate the growth and mortality rates of phytoplankton, but it is also used to study bacterioplankton. The method comprises creating a gradient of dilutions to reduce the encounter rates between bacterivores and bacteria, thus allowing for estimations of bacterial growth and grazing pressure exerted on the bacteria. However, the manipulations involved in the method can lead to biased results. In this study, 12 dilution experiments performed in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea were accompanied by additional measurements capable of detecting possible artefacts. Only six measurements performed during spring and summer (March–August) produced results that were free of artefacts and were statistically significant. During fall and winter (October–February) measurements were unsuccessful because of food limitation of bacterial growth during experimental incubation. Twice (in September and October) bacterial growth and grazing mortality rates were underestimated because grazing pressure was not successfully removed. The study demonstrated that 24-hour and five-day oxygen consumption measurements incorporated into dilution experiments permitted estimating the fraction of biodegradable organic matter used during incubation, and, thus, detecting the food limitation of bacterial growth.

8

Projekt ogrzewania podłogowego dla pomieszczenia ze strefą brzegową wg PN-EN 1264

Michalak Piotr, Suliga Adrian

Rynek Instalacyjny

|

2020

|

Nr 4

31--34

PL

W artykule przedstawiono projekt płaszczyznowego systemu ogrzewania podłogowego wodnego według normy PN-EN 1264 w wybranym pomieszczeniu domu jednorodzinnego. Ze względu na ograniczenia narzucone przez wytyczne projektowe konieczny okazał się podział systemu na dwa mniejsze obiegi. Sprawdzono warunki projektowe i przedstawiono rozmieszczenie rur grzejnych. Czasochłonność metody przemawia za stosowaniem w praktyce metod uproszczonych zalecanych przez producentów konkretnych rozwiązań lub komputerowych narzędzi projektowych.

EN

The article presents a design of an underfloor water heating system according to the PN-EN 1264 standard in a selected room in a single-family house. Due to the restrictions imposed by the design guidelines, it was necessary to divide the system into two smaller circuits. Design conditions were checked and the location of heating pipes was presented. Time-consuming nature of this method implies the use of simplified methods recommended by manufacturers of specific solutions or computer design tools.

9

Detection of floating objects based on hydroacoustic and hydrodynamic pressure measurements in the coastal zone

Buszman Krystian, Gloza Małgorzata

Polish Maritime Research

|

2020

|

nr 2

168--175

EN

The development of coastal infrastructure and related maritime transport necessitatesthe intensification of vessel traffic monitoring. Navigation systems used in this research are traditionally based on the information transmitted by radio waves. Marine traffic safety requires constant supervision carried out by dedicated systems, the operation of which may be limitedby difficult environmental conditions. The possibilities of supporting navigation systems with underwater observation systems are explored here. The research was carried out using an underwater measurement system. Local disturbances of the hydroacoustic and hydrodynamic field from the moving vessels were analysed. The potential for identifying a moving vessel, for example for offshore infrastructure security purposes, is demonstrated.

10

Biodiversity of benthic diatom flora in the coastal zone of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea) : a case study of the Hel Peninsula

Witak Małgorzata, Pędziński Jarosław, Oliwa Sandra, Hetko Dominika

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2020

|

Vol. 49, No. 3

304--318

EN

The paper presents the results of the analysis of diatoms from surface sediments (stones, sands) and macroflora (seagrass, macroalgae) collected at 16 sampling sites located along the inner coastal zone of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea) along the Hel Peninsula. The main diatom species of epilithon, epipsammon and epiphyton were characterized with respect to their autecological preferences (habitat, salinity, trophic status, saprobity). Three groups of diatoms were distinguished with respect to the type of substrate based on the results of benthic flora analysis: diatoms (i) of one type of substrate, (ii) of two types and (iii) those occurring on all types of substrates. Moreover, the distribution of benthic diatom communities indicates ecological differences in the study area. Marine and brackish-water species were observed in large numbers in the coastal zone of the Outer Puck Bay, whereas freshwater flora occurred with a higher frequency in the coastal zone of the Puck Lagoon. The content of polysaprobionts and of α-mesosaprobionts indicates that the region of the Hel Tip is highly eutrophicated and very polluted. The coast in the vicinity of Kuznica is less polluted, whereas the best environmental conditions are found in the Jurata–Jastarnia region, as evidenced by the frequency of diatoms that are β-mesosaprobionts.

11

Rip currents in the non-tidal surf zone with sandbars : numerical analysis versus field measurements

Dudkowska Aleksandra, Boruń Aleksandra, Malicki Jakub, Schönhofer Jan, Gic-Grusza Gabriela

Oceanologia

|

2020

|

No. 62 (3)

291--308

EN

Rip currents, which are local seaward-directed jets with their mean velocity exceeding 0.5 m/s, have been a subject of many studies since the 1940s. They are an important part of the nearshore current system and in specific hydro- and litomorphological conditions can cause changes in the local bathymetry. Thus, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of this phenomenon is crucial both to public safety and hydroengineering. The main purpose of this research is to determine the wave conditions of a multi-bar non-tidal coastal zone environment in which rip currents can occur. In this study, we focus on a multi-bar non-tidal coastal zone environment located in the Southern Baltic Sea, where rip current driving forces are mostly reduced to the wind and wind-induced waves. This is one of very few comprehensive approaches to exploring the possibility of rip currents occurrence in such environmental conditions. During two field expeditions, there were carried out in situ measurements exploiting two GPS drifters. The results indicate the formation of irregular non-longshore flows (related to rip currents) in the studied area. To answer the question under what conditions the formation of rip currents takes place, an extended modelling experiment was performed. Deep-water wave conditions typical of the studied area were chosen due to bouy measurements. The total of 589 combinations of the significant wave height, the mean period and wave direction values were examined as test cases. The coastal flow in the area and tracks of virtual drifters were simulated by XBeach numerical model for all test cases. As a result, 589 nearshore currents fields were generated and two scenarios were indicated: a regular circulation (dominated by the longshore current) which is typical of this area (547 cases), and flows with rip current features (42 cases). This reflects the results of the field measurements carried out. It can be concluded that the wave direction is a dominating factor in the formation of rip currents. Namely the flows of this type may occur in the area of interest when the direction of a deep water wave is almost perpendicular to the shore. Such situations occur rarely. They cover about 7% of the days of the year. Thus, rip currents do not appear to be a significant factor in the reconstruction of the sea bottom in the studied area.

12

Effects of atmospheric circulation on water temperature along the southern Baltic Sea coast

Girjatowicz Józef Piotr, Świątek Małgorzata

Oceanologia

|

2019

|

No. 61 (1)

38--49

EN

The relationships between atmospheric circulation patterns and water surface temperature along the coast of the southern Baltic Sea were studied. Seasonal water temperature values for Świnoujście, Międzyzdroje, Kołobrzeg, Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia stations measured during the period of 1951-2010 were used. The methods of correlation and regression were applied to determine the relationships between water temperature and the number of days of atmospheric circulation patterns. It was demonstrated that the strongest relationships occur in winter, chiefly on account of intense atmospheric circulation activity and weaker effects of solar radiation. The relationships with western circulation are slightly stronger than that associated with the eastern circulation. During the remaining seasons, those dependencies are clearly weaker. Asynchronous relationships between water temperature and atmospheric circulation are less pronounced than the synchronous ones. Despite being weaker, the asynchronous relations are still statistically significant, mainly in the spring season and as such, they may have a prognostic significance.

13

Ecological threats for coastal systems in the context of acquiring and providing the quality of sea salt. A review

Śmiechowska M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 63, nr 3

118--122

EN

Salt is a basic food commodity. Among different kinds of salt, the sea salt obtained via seawater evaporation in salterns located in the coastal zone is very important. Unfortunately, the coastal zone experiences strong anthropogenic pressure connected with leaking of pollutions from agricultural and household activities into the seawater. The aim of this paper was to present selected problems connected with sea salt acquisition and factors influencing its quality. The paper enumerates sea water pollutants, paying particular attention to the problem of novel pollutants, such as micro- and nanoplastic fibres. Additional factor influencing sea salt quality is the climate change due to its destructive activities in the coastal zones that host the salterns.

PL

Sól należy do podstawowych produktów spożywczych. Wśród różnych rodzajów soli duże znaczenie ma sól morska pozyskiwana w wyniku odparowania wody morskiej w salinach znajdujących się w strefie nadbrzeżnej. Niestety strefa nadbrzeżna podlega silnej antropopresji związanej z przedostawaniem się do wód morskich zanieczyszczeń z działalności rolniczej i bytowej człowieka. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie niektórych problemów związanych z pozyskiwaniem soli morskiej i czynnikami wpływającymi na kształtowanie jej jakości. W artykule przedstawiono zanieczyszczenia występujące w soli morskiej, w tym zwrócono szczególną uwagę na problem nowych zanieczyszczeń jak włókna mikro- i nanoplastików. Dodatkowym czynnikiem wpływającym na jakość soli morskiej są zmiany klimatyczne, z uwagi na niszczące działania w strefie nadbrzeżnej, w której znajdują się saliny.

14

Natural valuation of the Polish marine areas (Baltic) based on phytobenthos

Brzeska-Roszczyk P., Kruk-Dowgiałło L.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

|

2018

|

Vol. 33, No. 1

204--211

EN

The aim was to develop a method for assessing the natural values of the Polish marine areas (PMA), excluding coastal lagoons, based on phytobenthos. The valuation method includes 4 criteria which refer to the qualitative and quantitative structure of phytobenthos. The method was tested at the stony bottom overgrown with macroalgae – in the coastal zone, near the localities of Ustka, Poddąbie and Rowy. The assessment showed that the most valuable was the boulder area in the vicinity of Rowy, due to the presence of macroalgae communities with 5 rare and 3 protected species. The least valuable was the stony bottom near Ustka, with small amounts of macroalgae and 1 protected species. The natural values were classified into four classes and presented on map, what is very important from the practical point of view, especially when consider areas designated for future investments. The map with natural values distribution was created on the layers of surface sediments, which were developed on the basis of sonar and bathymetric data. The use of these data allowed the precise delineation of subareas with different natural values. The natural valuation method presented in this article is a relatively simple tool that can be applied to determine the areas valuable in terms of phytobenthos in PMA.

PL

Celem artykułu było opracowanie metody oceny walorów przyrodniczych polskich obszarów morskich (POM), z wyłączeniem zalewów przymorskich, na podstawie fitobentosu. Metodę waloryzacji oparto na 4 kryteriach, uwzględniających strukturę jakościowo-ilościową fitobentosu. Metodę przetestowano waloryzując makroglony dna kamienistego, występujące w strefie przybrzeżnej otwartego morza, w pobliżu miejscowości: Ustka, Poddąbie i Rowy. Z przeprowadzonej oceny wynika, że najcenniejszym obszarem było głazowisko w okolicy miejscowości Rowy, z uwagi na występowanie zbiorowisk makroglonów oraz obecność 5 gatunków rzadkich i 3 gatunków chronionych. Najmniej cennym – dno kamieniste przy Ustce, gdzie wśród znikomych ilości makroglonów występował 1 gatunek chroniony. Ważnym dla praktycznego zastosowania tej metody oceny walorów przyrodniczych, np. w rejonach przeznaczonych pod różnego rodzaju inwestycje, jest możliwość przedstawienia jej w czterostopniowej skali w postaci mapy cenności przyrodniczej, dla której jako podkład wykorzystano mapę osadów, opracowaną na podstawie danych sonarowych i batymetrycznych. Wykorzystanie tych danych pozwoliło na dokładne wydzielenie podobszarów o różnej cenności przyrodniczej. Opracowana i zaprezentowana w niniejszym artykule metoda waloryzacji przyrodniczej jest stosunkowo prostym narzędziem mogącym mieć zastosowanie do określenia rejonów cennych przyrodniczo w POM.

15

Calculation of Dune Profile Changes Generated by Hurricane: Preliminary Results

Szmytkiewicz P., Szmytkiewicz M., Schönhofer J., Morawski J., Malicki J.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

|

2018

|

Vol. 65, nr 3

221--239

EN

The paper presents the main theoretical concepts related to methods of calculating the erosion rate for sandy dunes on natural coasts, namely, the beach equilibrium profile and incident waves. To illustrate calculations of dune erosion in the vicinity of the Coastal Research Station (CRS) in Lubiatowo, the Xbeach model (an incident wave model) was used. The calculations were carried out for hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions that accompanied Hurricane Ksawery (December 6–8, 2013). The results of the calculations were compared with the measured data. A satisfactory agreement was obtained between the predicted and measured results.

16

Characterizing surface and air temperature in the Baltic Sea coastal area using remote sensing techniques and GIS

Chybicki A., Kulawiak M., Łubniewski Z.

Polish Maritime Research

|

2016

|

nr 1

3--11

EN

Estimation of surface temperature using multispectral imagery retrieved from satellite sensors constitutes several problems in terms of accuracy, accessibility, quality and evaluation. In order to obtain accurate results, currently utilized methods rely on removing atmospheric fluctuations in separate spectral windows, applying atmospheric corrections or utilizing additional information related to atmosphere or surface characteristics like atmospheric water vapour content, surface effective emissivity correction or transmittance correction. Obtaining accurate results of estimation is particularly critical for regions with fairly non-uniform distribution of surface effective emissivity and surface characteristics such as coastal zone areas. The paper presents the relationship between retrieved land surface temperature, air temperature, sea surface temperature and vegetation indices (VI) calculated based on remote observations in the coastal zone area. An indirect comparison method between remotely estimated surface temperature and air temperature using LST/VI feature space characteristics in an operational Geographic Information System is also presented.

17

Pine pollen grains in coastal waters of the Baltic Sea

Pawlik M., Ficek D.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2016

|

Vol. 45, No. 1

35--41

EN

Measurements relating to a yellow deposit covering large areas of the Baltic Sea in spring are reported. Analysis of water samples showed it to be of terrestrial origin and to consist mainly of pine pollen grains. The equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) of these grains ranged from 29.1 to 78.4 μm, with a maximum between 47.7 and 56.3 μm. Surface water concentrations of pollen in the coastal zone near Ustka showed that its proportion in the total suspended particulate matter (SPM) might be as high as 30-40%. Such high surface water concentrations of hitherto neglected substances critical to water color formation can give rise to serious errors in remote measurements of water composition and properties.

18

SFI - metoda oceny funkcjonalności stref brzegowych jezior

Siligardi M., Zennaro B., Nowicka B., Nadolna A.

Gospodarka Wodna

|

2016

|

Nr 12

410--417

PL

Metoda oceny funkcjonalności stref brzegowych jezior (SFI) jest stosunkowo nowa i dotyczy ogólnego stanu środowiska jeziornego wokół strefy brzegowej. Zastosowany w niej wskaźnik jest łatwy do zbadania i w przyszłości może stanowić narzędzie wspierające zrównoważone planowanie i zarządzanie. Opracowana została we Włoszech, a następnie testowana w Chile oraz kilku krajach Europy. Pierwsze próby adaptacji wskaźnika w Polsce prowadzono na Jeziorze Charzykowskim w ramach projektu EULAKES.

EN

The Shorezone Functionality Index (SFI) method is relatively new and refers to the general state of the lake environment along the coastline. The index it uses is easy to examine and it may become a tool supporting sustainable planning and management. The method was elaborated in Italy and then tested in Chile and in several European countries. First index adaptation tests in Poland were carried out on the Charzykowskie Lake, under the EULAKES project.

19

A note on the vertical distribution of momentum transport in water wavesa

Kołodko J., Gic-Grusza G.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2015

|

Vol. 44, No. 4

563--568

EN

In this paper, the classical problem of horizontal waveinduced momentum transport is analyzed once again. A new analytical approach has been employed to reveal the vertical variation of this transport in the Eulerian description. In mathematical terms, this variation is shown to have (after “smoothing out” the surface corrugation) the character of a generalized function (distribution) and is described by a classical function in the water depths and by an additional Dirac-delta-function component on the averaged free surface. In terms of physics, the considered variation consists of two entities: (i) a continuous distribution of the mean momentum transport flux density (tensorial radiation pressure) over the entire water column, and (ii) an additional momentum transport flux concentrated on the mean free surface level (tensorial radiation surface pressure). Simple analytical formulae describing this variation have been derived. This allowed a conventional expression to be derived, describing the depth-integrated excess of horizontal momentum flux due to the presence of waves (the so-called “radiation stress”), confirming to some extent the correctness of the whole analysis carried out. The results obtained may be important to the ocean dynamics, especially in view of their possible application in the field of hydrodynamics of wave-dominated coastal zones.

20

Aspects of Pollution in Gdansk and Gdynia Harbours at the Coastal Zone of the South Baltic Sea

Radke B., Piketh S., Wasik A., Namieśnik J., Dembska G., Bolałek J.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2013

|

Vol. 7, no. 1

11--18

EN

Organotin compounds (OTC), as well as metals, are toxic to many organisms. Even at very low concentrations OTC and metals can have several negative effects. The paper discusses key issues relating to the location of harbours in the coastal zone (including near the river mouths and semi‐closed access to the sea) and the pollution of harbour sediments with heavy metals (e.g. zinc, copper, nickel and lead) and organotin derivatives (e.g. butyltin, phenyltin, octyltin, and tricyclohexyltin), using the examples of the Gdańsk and Gdynia ports. The authors have described key spatial factors of the two ports which largely determine sedimentation processes. It has been shown that the heavy metals content in the sediments of the Port of Gdańsk does not exceed the concentration values permitted by Polish law, however, the problem with the establishment of standard concentration levels for organotin derivatives remains.