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Temporal Variation of Microplastic Abundances and Characteristics in Surface Water of Banger River of Pekalongan City, Indonesia

Despasari Bella, Andarani Pertiwi, Priyambada Ika Bagus, Inoue Takanobu

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

39--49

EN

The presence of microplastic pollution in coastal areas has garnered attention due to its detrimental impact on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, our objective was to identify and characterize microplastics in the Banger River area of Pekalongan City, which is known for its numerous industrial activities, particularly batik small-medium industries. The extraction process involved filtration, drying, wet peroxide oxidation, density separation using NaI, and identification of microplastic particles. The shape, color, and size of the particles were characterized using a stereo microscope, while Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometer and the hot needle method were employed for chemical structure analysis. Given that rivers serve as primary conduits for waste transport from land to sea, we conducted sampling at different times of the day. Our findings revealed an average of 0.61 ± 0.47 particles/m3 in the morning, 0.59 ± 0.67 particles/m3 in the afternoon, and 0.10 ± 0.02 particles/m3 in the evening. Among the microplastic polymers analyzed, we successfully identified polypropylene as one of the two predominant types. To establish a baseline for mitigating the release of plastic waste and microplastic residues into the environment, long-term monitoring is essential to evaluate the flow of plastic waste and microplastics from Indonesian rivers to the oceans.

2

Geographic Information System for Mapping Coastal Inundation Impact to the Sustainability of Agriculture Sector in Pekalongan City, Indonesia

Suharini Erni, Pratiwi Elok Surya, Hanafi Fahrudin

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

114--119

EN

Coastal inundation that is getting farther inland year by year has given a serious problem to the sustainability of farming activities in Pekalongan, but it has rarely been exposed more detail to the public. The aim of this research is to investigate the present effects of seawater inundation to the agriculture sector in Pekalongan coastal area. We focused on the study of coastal inundation dynamics, agriculture area reduction and rice production. Time series remote sensing imageries from google earth satellite were used to analyze the seawater run up between 2003 and 2018. This result revealed that the farthest distance of the inundation in 2018 reached 4.4 kilometers from the coastline in the west part of the city. For the last fifteen years, saline water has reduced almost 380 ha of farm land in the coastal area. That phenomenon has contributed to the rice production lost by almost 173 tons/year during 2003 and 2018. This result has showed a critical condition of agriculture sector in study area, thus some mitigation actions become a necessity thing in order to protect our land as well as food security on the next future.

3

Towards sustainable land subsidence mitigation in Semarang and Demak, Central Java: Analysis using DPSIR Framework

Sarah Dwi, Mulyono Asep, Satriyo Nugroho Aji, Soebowo Eko, Wirabuana Taufiq

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

150--165

EN

The Semarang-Demak plain has experienced intense human intervention over the last 40 years, thereby causing land subsidence. This study aims to assess long-term conditions in the study area using the drivers-pressures- state-impacts-response (DPSIR) framework to mitigate land subsidence. Methods include analysis of land subsidence, socioeconomic, surface, and subsurface data, as well as spatial analysis. Results show that rapid population growth and economic activities are major driving forces, manifesting as pressures exerted from overexploitation of groundwater, increasing building and infrastructure loads, and decreasing non-built areas. Groundwater overexploitation reduced the artesian pressure in the 1980s, forming depression cones of the groundwater level from 5 to 30 m below mean sea level. From 1984 to the present, the constructed areas have increased more than tenfold, with Semarang City possessing the most densely built area. Based on our findings, we propose responses consisting of surface water utilization, spatial building regulation, and rigorous groundwater and land subsidence monitoring. Moreover, we encourage the strengthening of law enforcement and inter-sectoral management to ensure the successful land subsidence mitigation.

4

Aquatic Invertebrates and Their Correlation with Environmental Parameters in Coastal of Tien Giang Province, Mekong Delta in Vietnam

Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, Dang Thi Cam Tu, Nguyen Thi Ha, Nguyen Binh An, Pham Anh-Duc, Huynh Phuc Lo

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2022

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no. 2

99--106

EN

The Tien Giang province is located in the tropical climate zone of the Mekong delta. The climate here is clearly divided into two main seasons, namely wet season and dry season and the average temperature is about 27°C. The coastline is 32 kilometers (20 mi) long with thousands of coastal warp, which is an advantage for aquatic breeding such as crab and sea-based economy development. Aquatic invertebrates are a diverse group of organisms that inhabit coastal area throughout the world, in regions spanning alpine, arid, Mediterranean, polar, temperate, and tropical climates. Estuarine coastal invertebrates include benthic, planktonic, and stygobitic taxa and range from widespread taxa to water quality assessment. Classified by size as either macroinvertebrates or smaller meiofauna, macroinvertebrates are more widely studied, although meiofauna can also be diverse and abundant in aquatic communities. The influence of environmental factors on the diversity of invertebrates was studied in the Tien Giang Coastal Area, Southern Vietnam. The study was done between March 2019 and September 2021, encompassing both dry and rainy seasons. Data from 10 sites were used as a representative example for the Tien Giang Coastal Area to conduct a qualitative study. To implement this evaluation, the analyses were based on MRC methods and classifications these improved by the scientific group. The biological and environmental variables were examined to test the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Pearson correlation among all the parameters using R statistical software. Significant or highly significant positive or negative correlations were assumed when the p-calculated value was < 0.05 or 0.01, respectively. The results of the assessment showed that 32 species of zooplankton and 18 species of benthic macroinvertebrates were found in the study area. The density of zooplankton at each site ranged from 6 to 85 individuals/sample, while the density of benthic macroinvertebrates at each site fluctuated from 4 to 15 individuals/sample. The calculated values for the diversity index (H’) of both zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates fluctuated at the average level (H’ ≈ 1.00 ÷ 1.72). The results also show that several environmental variables, including total suspended solid, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonium were correlated with species richness and density of aquatic invertebrates. The obtained results will be useful for the monitoring of pollution status at the study area in particular the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to changes of environmental characteristics.

PL

Prowincja Tien Giang położona jest w strefie klimatu zwrotnikowego delty Mekongu. Klimat jest tutaj wyraźnie podzielony na dwie główne pory roku, a mianowicie porę deszczową i porę suchą, a średnia temperatura wynosi około 27°C. Linia brzegowa ma 32 kilometry (20 mil) długości i bardzo urozmaiconą linię brzegową, co jest zaletą dla hodowli wodnych, takich jak kraby i rozwój gospodarki morskiej. Bezkręgowce wodne to zróżnicowana grupa organizmów zamieszkujących obszary przybrzeżne na całym świecie, w regionach obejmujących klimat alpejski, suchy, śródziemnomorski, polarny, umiarkowany i tropikalny. Bezkręgowce przybrzeżne ujść rzek obejmują taksony bentosowe, planktonowe i stygobitowe, od szeroko rozpowszechnionych taksonów do oceny jakości wody. Klasyfikowane według wielkości jako makrobezkręgowce lub mniejsza meiofauna, makrobezkręgowce są szerzej badane, chociaż meiofauna może być również różnorodna i obfita w społecznościach wodnych. Wpływ czynników środowiskowych na różnorodność bezkręgowców badano na obszarze przybrzeżnym Tien Giang w południowym Wietnamie. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w okresie od marca 2019 do września 2021, obejmując zarówno porę suchą, jak i deszczową. Dane z 10 miejsc wykorzystano jako reprezentatywny przykład dla obszaru przybrzeżnego Tien Giang do przeprowadzenia badania jakościowego. Aby przeprowadzić tę ocenę, analizy oparto na metodach MRC i klasyfikacjach, które zostały udoskonalone przez grupę naukową realizującą badania. Badano zmienne biologiczne i środowiskowe w celu przetestowania analizy wariancji (ANOVA) i korelacji Pearsona R między wszystkimi parametrami przy użyciu oprogramowania statystycznego. Przyjęto znaczące lub bardzo istotne dodatnie lub ujemne korelacje, gdy obliczona wartość p wynosiła odpowiednio <0,05 lub 0,01. Wyniki oceny wykazały, że na badanym obszarze stwierdzono występowanie 32 gatunków zooplanktonu i 18 gatunków makrobezkręgowców bentosowych. Zagęszczenie zooplanktonu na każdym stanowisku wahało się od 6 do 85 osobników/próbę, podczas gdy zagęszczenie makrobezkręgowców bentosowych na każdym stanowisku wahało się od 4 do 15 osobników/próbę. Obliczone wartości wskaźnika różnorodności (H’) zarówno zooplanktonu, jak i makrobezkręgowców bentosowych oscylowały na średnim poziomie (H’ ≈ 1,00 ÷ 1,72). Wyniki pokazują również, że kilka zmiennych środowiskowych, w tym całkowita zawiesina, chemiczne zapotrzebowanie tlenu i amon, było skorelowanych z bogactwem gatunkowym i gęstością bezkręgowców wodnych. Uzyskane wyniki będą przydatne do monitorowania stanu zanieczyszczenia badanego obszaru, w szczególności wrażliwości bezkręgowców wodnych na zmiany cech środowiska.

5

Chromium Accumulation by Avicennia alba Growing at Ecotourism Mangrove Forest in Surabaya, Indonesia

Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning, Pratikno dan Herman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 2

222--227

EN

The Ecotourism Mangrove Forest at Wonorejo in East Coast Surabaya area is one of large mangrove forests inside in the metropolitan city in Indonesia. There are many ecological values of the mangrove forest in most tropical countries such as sea fisheries, place of sea and coastal animals, sea and brackish water quality protecting the endangered mangrove coastlines and development of human life. The role of mangrove in increasing the sea and brackish water quality can be shown through many processes such as cycling of nutrients, particulate matter and some pollutants in water and sediment around the mangrove plants. One of the inorganic pollutants that can be removed by mangrove are heavy metals, such as chromium (Cr). The Wonorejo River is one of the rivers that receive the disposal of wastewater in Surabaya East Coast area. Large quantitites of wastewater from industries and households were released to this river. The concentration of Cr at the Wonorejo Estuary reached 0.0325 mg/L and 2.7761 mg/L in sediments. The purpose of this research was to determine the potency of Cr accumulation by Avicennia alba that was grown for ten years at Wonorejo Ecotourism Mangrove Forest. The sampling activities were conducted using a transect quadrat sampling method with a 10x10 m dimension. The sediment and mangrove root samples were extracted before being analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the Cr accumulation by roots of A. alba reached 25.4 ± 1.6 to 55.3 ± 1.1. The BCF value in A. alba were 0.32 ± 0.01 to 0.83 ± 0.5 with the concentration Cr in sediment were 60 ± 1.4 to 79.3 ± 1.1. A. alba showed potential as a moderate accumulator for Cr. In conclusion, A. alba can be considered for use in phyto-monitoring and phytoremediation of Cr in coastal areas.

6

Design of an autonomous transport system for coastal areas

Łebkowski A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 1

117--124

EN

The article presents a project of an autonomous transport system that can be deployed in coastal waters, bays or between islands. Presented solutions and development trends in the transport of autonomous and unmanned units (ghost ships) are presented. The structure of the control system of autonomous units is discussed together with the presentation of applied solutions in the field of artificial intelligence. The paper presents the concept of a transport system consisting of autonomous electric powered vessels designed to carry passengers, bikes, mopeds, motorcycles or passenger cars. The transport task is to be implemented in an optimal way, that is, most economically and at the same time as safe as possible. For this reason, the structure of the electric propulsion system that can be found on such units is shown. The results of simulation studies of autonomous system operation using simulator of marine navigational environment are presented.

7

Wykorzystanie miejskich obszarów nadbrzeżnych pod zabudowę o przeznaczeniu wielofunkcyjnym

Taraszkiewicz A., Gerigk M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2016

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nr 97

144--153

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę wykorzystania terenów aglomeracji miejskich położonych na styku lądu z wodą pod zabudowę o charakterze wielofunkcyjnym. Zaprezentowano aktualne podejście w projektowaniu przedmiotowych terenów oraz możliwości związane z rozwojem aglomeracji miejskich zlokalizowanych przy nabrzeżach akwenów. Zrównoważony rozwój gospodarczy tych terenów ściśle jest uzależniony od sposobu zagospodarowania przestrzeni. Biorąc pod uwagę specyfikę tych terenów, rozwój nabrzeży miasta uwarunkowany jest podejściem projektowym o charakterze wielofunkcyjnym.

EN

The paper describes an analysis of land use in urban agglomerations located at the interface of land and water for development of multi-functional building. The current approach in the design and opportunities associated with the development of coastal urban areas are revealed. Sustainable development of these areas is closely dependent on efficient urban planning. Given the characteristics of these areas the development of city waterfronts is determined by multifunctional building design.

8

Application of Artificial Neural Network into the Water Level Modeling and Forecast

Sztobryn M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2013

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Vol. 7, no. 2

219--223

EN

The dangerous sea and river water level increase does not only destroy the human lives, but also generate the severe flooding in coastal areas. The rapidly changes in the direction and velocity of wind and associated with them sea level changes could be the severe threat for navigation, especially on the fairways of small fishery harbors located in the river mouth. There is the area of activity of two external forcing: storm surges and flood wave. The aim of the work was the description of an application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methodology into the water level forecast in the case study field in Swibno harbor located is located at 938.7 km of the Wisla River and at a distance of about 3 km up the mouth (Gulf of Gdansk ‐ Baltic Sea).

9

Distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Musa Bay sediments (northwest of the Persian Gulf)

Tehrani G. M., Hashim R., Sulaiman A. H., Sany S. B. T., Salleh A., Jazani R. K., Savari A., Barandoust R. F.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 39, nr 1

115--128

EN

Sediment samples were collected from the coastal area of the Petrochemical Special Economic Zone of Musa Bay. The samples were analyzed to determine the degree of hydrocarbon contamination and identify the sources of PAHs which were evaluated by employing the ratios of specific PAHs compounds and principal component analysis (PCA). The levels of TPH concentration in the studied area were relatively moderate compared to the world-wide chronically oil-contaminated locations. The concentration of total PAHs was lower than those in other parts of the Musa Bay but approached the NOAA sediment quality guideline value.

10

Methane flux from sediment into near-bottom water in the coastal area of the Puck Bay (Southern Baltic)

Reindl A. R., Bolałek J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2012

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Vol. 41, No. 3

40-47

EN

This work presents the results of the study on methane emission from the sea bottom in the coastal zone of Puck Bay. The investigations were conducted from June through September 2010 at seven sampling sites located along the Hel Peninsula. The research results indicate that the methane flux rates vary periodically. Methane emission from seabed into near-bottom water in the coastal zone of Puck Bay along the Hel Peninsula ranged from 0.91 mmol m-2 d-1 to 49.15 mmol m-2 d-1.

11

Ekosystemy a rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy w opinii władz samorządów gmin nadmorskich Meklemburgii - Pomorza Przedniego

Kryk B., Balcerowicz K.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2010

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nr 1

259--268

PL

Brak ekologicznych i ekonomicznych ocen, jak również świadomości wartości świadczeń ekosystemów w decyzjach władz samorządowych przyczynia się do złego zarządzania tymi ekosystemami. Z tego względu celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie poziomu świadomości ekologicznej przedstawicieli jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w kontekście wpływu poszczególnych elementów środowiska przyrodniczego i ich ochrony na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy badanych samorządów.

EN

Ecosystem service trade-offs arise from management choices made by local government representatives, which can change the type, magnitude, and relative mix of services provided by ecosystems. The objective of this article is to point out the role of ecological awareness of local governance in managing ecosystem services.

12

Variability of coastal water hydrodynamics in the southern Baltic - hindcast modelling of an upwelling event along the Polish coast

Jankowski A.

Oceanologia

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2002

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No. 44 (4)

395-418

EN

This paper presents the results of an attempt to reproduce, with the aid of a numerical circulation model, the hydrological conditions observed in the coastal area of the southern Baltic in September 1989. A large fall in surface layer seawater temperature was recorded in September 1989 at two coastal stations in the vicinity of Kolobrzeg and Wladyslawowo. This upwelling-like phenomenon was assumed to be related to the specific anemobaric situation in September 1989, however typical of this phenomenon to occur along the Polish Baltic coast (Malicki & Mietus 1994). A three-dimensional (3-D) sigma-coordinate baroclinic model of the Baltic Sea, with a horizontal resolution of ~5 km and 24 sigma-levels in the vertical, was applied to investigate water circulation and thermohaline variability. Hindcast numerical simulation showed that the model provided a good reproduction of the temporal history of the surface seawater temperature and the duration of the upwelling-like fall, but that the model results were underestimated. The maxima of this large fall in the surface layer temperature at both coastal stations are closely related to the phase of change of the upwelling-favourable wind direction to the opposite one. The results of simulation runs showed details of upwelling development due to wind field fluctuations in time and differences in shaping the temperature and current patterns in conjunction with the variations in topography and coastline features in some areas along the Polish coast. Two different hydrodynamic regimes of water movements along the coast resulting from topographical features (the Slupsk Bank) can be distinguished. From the model simulation the specific conditions for the occurrence and development of upwelling at the eastern end of the Polish coast (in the vicinity of Wladyslawowo) can be deduced.

13

Density, biomass, and distribution of benthic invertebrates in the mid-lake zone of the coastal Lake Gardno

Dobrowolski Z.

Oceanological Studies

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2001

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Vol. 30, No. 1-2

39-58

EN

The mean density (4.2 × 103 ind. m-2) and mean biomass (10.8 g wet weight m-2) of the mid-lake zoobenthos in the mixo-oligohaline Lake Gardno were consistent with the respective ranges typical of freshwater, polymictic, and strongly poly-trophic lakes of northern Poland. The major components of the Lake Gardno macrozoobenthos were tubificid oligochaetes and chironomid larvae, the latter dominating in terms of abundance and biomass. Neomysis integer (Leach) was the sole and numerically scant marine invertebrate in the Gardno mid-lake macro-zoobenthos. Biodiversity, taxonomic composition, dominance structure as well as densities and biomass of the macrozoobenthos studied showed considerable spatial variation. The lake-river contact zone exhibited the presence of the ecotone effect. Dynamics of the abundance and biomass of the benthic invertebrates inhabiting that zone were markedly different from those found in other mid-lake habitats of the Gardno.

14

Activities related to HIROMB and local model development in Finland

Gästgifvars M.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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2001

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Vol. 28, No. 2

97--99

EN

Coastal area fine resolution models have been developed to enhance the operational and ecosystem modelling in the Gulf of Finland. A user inteiface has been developed for both the transport and ecosystem models which both utilise 3D precalculated flow fields. Also a user inteiface development for the chemical module has been ongoing in the year 2001. A two year project plan indicates the future activities related to the operational Helsinki-Espoo model development. The project includes development of system software, improvement of data communication links and troining workshops. A permanent flow measurement device and a new meteorological station, will be established to the Helsinki lighthouse and drift experiments arranged so that model validation can be continued.

15

Wind-induced variability of hydrological parameters in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea - a numerical study

Jankowski A.

Oceanological Studies

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2000

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Vol. 29, No. 3

5-34

EN

Abstract The wind-produced variability of temperature, salinity and velocity in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea have been investigated with the help of a three-dimensional F-coordinate baroclinic model. The model was based on the Princeton Ocean Model code of Mellor (1993), known as POM. The main intention of this study was to reproduce the variability of the hydrological conditions as the response of stratified seawaters to the model atmospheric forcing of three successive storms. Winds of constant speed from eight directions over the Baltic during each storm were considered. The presentation of results is limited to the area along the Polish coasts of the Baltic Sea, where the complicated bottom topography exerts a crucial influence on water movements. The numerical model runs show that winds can play an important role in the water exchange between the coastal region and the open sea, generating intense fluctuations of hydrological parameters. When winds are from the SE, E and NE, coastal upwelling is frequent along the Polish Baltic coast (Bychkova and Victorov 1987, Bychkova et al. 1988, Urbanski 1993). The results calculated with the use of the POM code are in agreement with the results obtained using the z-level model (Krauss and Brügge 1991) and from studies in the Great Lakes and in other upwelling areas (Bennet 1974, Krauss 1979, Fennel 1986).

16

Lidar-based investigations of optical extinction in the marine boundary layer over the coastal area

Zieliński T., Piskozub J., Drozdowska V., Irczuk M., Zieliński M.

Oceanological Studies

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2000

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Vol. 29, No. 3

35-42

EN

This paper presents the results of research, begun in 1992, into the determination of aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer under various hydrometeorological conditions by means of the lidar method. By employing several wavelengths the lidar-obtained optical extinction provides very accurate information about the size distribution of aerosols as well as their concentrations under various weather conditions and at different altitudes above the sea surface. It was demonstrated that in the marine boundary layer over the breaker zones of the southern Baltic Sea optical extinction depends on the method of calculation and wind direction as well as altitude above the sea surface. The results provided valuable inputs for investigations of the physical processes involved, as well as an important data set to use for the development of modelling of aerosol types and their dynamics in the coastal areas of the southern Baltic Sea.