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To meet or to connect? Face-to-face contacts vs ICT in cluster organisations

Lis Anna Maria, Lis Adrian

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2019

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Vol. 11, no. 4

103--117

EN

The main purpose of the paper is to explore how cluster organisations (COs) take advantage of direct (F2F) and indirect (ICT) contacts in fulfilling their main roles. The paper addresses the research question: “How important are Information and Communication Technologies at each level of advancement of cluster cooperation?” The research was conducted in 2016 in four purposefully selected cluster organisations representing metal and ICT industry. The basic method of data collection was an in-depth individual interview. The authors applied the qualitative content analysis as the procedure to analyse the interviews. The research sample comprised of 30 cluster members. The research was based on an original theoretical concept referring to the trajectory of the development of cooperative relationships in cluster organisations. Four levels of development of cluster cooperation as well as three main roles of cluster organisation were distinguished. At each level, COs play one of three identified roles: a direct resource supplier (providing access to resources), a broker (facilitating resource exchanges) and an integrator (integrating into different dimensions), which gives a total of 12 specific roles. The research has shown that both direct and indirect contacts were significant both in fulfilling the roles assigned to the cluster organisations as well as in developing the cluster cooperation. It has been also observed that ICT importance was slightly different at each level of a CO’s development. Only in one identified role (at level II: Process integrator) the importance of ICT tools was at least as great as F2F contacts. The research study contributes to the literature which refers to the question of face-to-face contacts established in geographical proximity versus the ones set up by using Information and Communication Technologies in cluster organisations. It was noticed that even though ICT plays a significant role in the functioning of COs, they cannot replace face-to-face contacts. They can only be their important complement at every level of CO development. There are also some limitations connected with the qualitative approach, which does not allow the author to generalise the findings. The first limitation is the small research sample. The second limitation is the subjectivity characterising qualitative research, mainly due to the applied techniques of data collection and analysis.

2

Factors conducive to the development of business cooperation in a cluster initiative – a statistical analysis

Mesjasz-Lech A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 109

65--75

EN

Changeability of market conditions make businesses look for effective cooperation methods. To increase their competitive edge, companies often work together in clusters which are groups of organizations on a certain area connected by a network of vertical and horizontal relationships. The formation of a cluster is a result of a cluster initiative. The goal of the article is to determine factors conducive to cluster initiatives and the relationship between these factors and the number of enterprises cooperating within a cluster in individual provinces in Poland. A spatial analysis of data concerning production and services companies was carried out. The years 2012-2014 were analyzed.

3

Determinants for development of cluster initiatives in Poland and Ukraine

Kochanska E., Kyzym M., Khaustova V., Klimek A. R., Adamkiewicz I.

Acta Innovations

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2016

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no. 21

26--50

EN

The article analyses the problems of cluster development in Poland and Ukraine in order to identify directions for possible cooperation between the countries. Specificity and priorities of the national policies of clusters development, regional systems of support and examples of good practices of clustering in the both countries were considered. The comparative analyses of prospects for clusters development in Poland and Ukraine were conducted, the basic determinants influencing the cluster development were identified and evaluated. There were recognized the areas and direction of Polish-Ukrainian clusters cooperation including: the opportunities to projects conducting within the European Funds, the possibilities of bilateral cooperation of cluster members with the support of cluster coordinators, the feasibility of joint Polish-Ukrainian projects run in third countries markets.

4

The impact of clustering on the innovativeness of furniture industry

Grzegorzewska E., Niziałek I., Olkowicz M.

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2014

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Vol. 5, No. 2

12--19

EN

The furniture industry in Poland is a rapidly growing area of the economy. The level of innovation strongly influences furniture enterprises competitive position on the market. To support innovation, small and medium furniture industry businesses are affiliate in cluster initiatives. It supports the area of R&D, joint promotional campaigns and financing of new ventures. The paper presents selected furniture industry cluster initiatives that implement policies to support innovation activities of enterprises affiliated to them. In Poland, more and more furniture industry businesses brings together in cluster initiatives that aim to improve their market competitiveness and increase the level of innovation. Taken studies allow to analyse the direction of innovative activities undertaken by companies of the furniture industry with particular emphasis on the ones associated in clusters. Thus the aim of the article is to investigate the interest of Polish furniture enterprises (especially SMEs), in participation in clusters. Moreover the benefits of that choice and its impact on Polish furniture manufacturers innovativeness are evaluated.

5

The state and the development prospects of the Lubusz cluster initiative "The Lubusz Wine and Honey Route"

Piątyszek-Pych A.

Management

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2012

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Vol. 16, no. 2

155-174

EN

The concept of economic clusters, which are an effective way of seeking synergy effects resulting from cooperation of individual entities, became a synonym for the success of the economy of the region. The prospect of potential benefits for enterprises and regions, resulting from functioning of the bunches, encourages their potential participants to engage in creation and development of cluster structures. Such deliberate and organized effort of crucial players of the cluster, aimed at improvement in its competitiveness, is defined as a cluster initiative. The aim of this article is to analyse the state and the development prospects of the Lubusz cluster initiative "The Lubusz Wine and Honey Route". It is in the article that the theoretical issues associated with problems of clusters and cluster initiatives were discussed. It is later in this article that a brief characterization of the cluster potential of the Lubusz Voivodeship with particular emphasis on the wine industry was carried out. It is in the third part of the article that the findings of empirical research carried out were presented. Next, further to the discussed research, the conclusions and recommendations were presented for the best ways of supporting the development of the wine industry as well as the described cluster initiative.

PL

Synonimem sukcesu gospodarki regionu stała się koncepcja klastrów gospodarczych, które są skutecznym sposobem poszukiwania efektów synergii wynikających ze współpracy poszczególnych podmiotów wchodzących w ich skład. Perspektywa potencjalnych korzyści płynących z funkcjonowania gron dla przedsiębiorstw oraz regionów zachęca ich potencjalnych uczestników do zaangażowania się w powstawanie i rozwój struktur klastrowych. Taki świadomy, zorganizowany wysiłek kluczowych graczy klastra, skierowany na poprawę jego konkurencyjności, określany jest mianem inicjatywy klastrowej. Celem artykułu jest analiza stanu i perspektyw rozwoju lubuskiej inicjatywy klastrowej "Lubuski Szlak Wina i Miodu". W artykule omówione zostały teoretyczne zagadnienia związane z problematyką klastrów i inicjatyw klastrowych. W dalszej części artykułu dokonano krótkiej charakterystyki potencjału klastrowego województwa lubuskiego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem branży winiarskiej. W trzeciej części artykułu przedstawiono wyniki przeprowadzonych badań empirycznych. Następnie w nawiązaniu do omówionych badań, przedstawiono wnioski i rekomendacje w zakresie najlepszych sposobów wspierania rozwoju branży winiarskiej oraz opisywanej inicjatywy klastrowej.

6

Mobilność inicjatyw klastrowych w kontekście tworzenia łańcucha dostaw

Frankowska M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Problemy Transportu i Logistyki / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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2010

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Nr 12

43--51

PL

Koncepcja klastrów pojawiła się w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu jako kluczowa idea poprawy konkurencyjności gospodarek i planowania ich rozwoju1. W przyspieszenie rozwoju klastrów angażuje się coraz większa liczba podmiotów zarówno gospodarczych, jak i społecznych2. Jednocześnie wiedza na ten temat wydaje się ciągle niewystarczająca. Zauważa się pilną potrzebę zrozumienia najlepszych praktyk klastrowych, w tym mechanizmów sprzyjających osiąganiu przez nie sukcesu ekonomicznego. Termin „mobilność” oznacza zdolność do poruszania bądź przemieszczania się. W przypadku klastrów nie chodzi jednak o przemieszczanie przedsiębiorstw w sensie przestrzennym. W niniejszym artykule poruszono temat rozprzestrzeniania działalności klastrów, czyli zwiększania ich siły oddziaływania na rynki zewnętrzne. Stąd celem opracowania jest wskazanie pozytywnego związku pomiędzy rozwojem inicjatyw klastrowych a ich uczestnictwem w łańcuchach dostaw.

EN

The cluster concept emerged in the last ten years as a key idea for enhancing competitiveness of economies and their development. The following article is focused on cluster initiatives which are defined as organized activities aimed at intensifying the Mobilność inicjatyw klastrowych w kontekście tworzenia łańcucha dostaw 51 growth and increasing the competitiveness of a cluster in the region with full involvement of enterprises functioning within the cluster, the government and/or of the research environment. By definition, cluster initiatives should denote active organizations of enterprises in search of wider market connections including access to global markets. Within integrated supply chains it is possible to ensure mobility of cluster initiatives whereby their impact power is heightened. Such action is profitable to all parties and thus achieved synergy effect enables gaining significant competitive advantage. To visualize the above assumptions, cluster initiative NEPIC from Great Britain was presented in the course of the article.