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Thermographic Assessment of Sweat Evaporation inside Clothing Systems

Mijovic B., Salopek Cubric I., Skenderi Z., Reischl U.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

2012

Vol. 20, no. 5 (94)

81--86

The purpose of the research project was to determine whether or not thermography can be used for assessing heat and moisture transport inside clothing systems worn by active duty police officers. An infrared camera system was used to identify temperature patterns over the body of healthy adult males performing controlled physical activities inside a temperature controlled environment. The thermographic documentation revealed complex temperature distribution patterns that were clearly associated with the regional evaporative cooling of sweat. Differences in the temperature patterns between subjects who produced large amounts of sweat and those who produced less sweat were observed. The study showed that thermography is an effective tool for assessing skin temperatures and sweat evaporation from clothing. The information gained can be applied to the design of new clothing systems to maximize the cooling effects of body sweat evaporation.

Celem badań było sprawdzenie czy metoda termograficzna umożliwia określenie transportu ciepła i pary wodnej poprzez warstwy odzieży. Zastosowano kamerę termowizyjną dla oceny rozkładów termicznych ubrań noszonych przez grupę zdrowych mężczyzn. Uzyskano rozkłady temperatur korelujące z efektem chłodzenia w wyniku wydzielania potu przez osoby testowane. Stwierdzono, że termografia jest odpowiednią metodą dla określenia rozkładu temperatury i obszarów wydzielania potu. Wyniki mogą być wykorzystane dla opracowania odpowiedniej konstrukcji ubiorów zapewniających optymalne chłodzenie ciała.

Dry and Wet Heat Transfer Through Clothing Dependent on the Clothing Properties Under Cold Conditions

Richards M. G. M., Rossi R., Meinander H., Broede P., Candas V., Hartog den E., Holmer I., Nocker W., Havenith G.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2008

Vol. 14, No. 1

69--76

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through clothing in relation to the water vapour resistance, type of underwear, location of the moisture and climate. This forms part of the work performed for work package 2 of the European Union THERMPROTECT project. Thermal manikin results of dry and wet heat loss are presented from different laboratories for a range of 2-layer clothing with similar dry insulations but different water vapour permeabilities and absorptive properties. The results obtained from the different manikins are generally consistent with one another. For each climate, total wet heat loss is predominately dependent on the permeability of the outer layer. At 10 °C, the apparent evaporative heat loss is markedly higher than expected from evaporation alone (measured at 34 °C), which is attributed to condensation within the clothing and to increased conductivity of the wet clothing layers.

Moisture Effects in Heat Transfer Through Clothing Systems for Wildland Firefighters

Lawson L. K., Crown E. M., Ackerman M. Y., Dale J. D.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2004

Vol. 10, No. 3

227--238

Wildland firefighters work in unfavourable environments involving both heat and moisture. Moisture in clothing systems worn by wildland firefighters may increase or decrease heat transfer, depending on its source and location in the clothing system, location on the body, timing of application and degree of sorption. In this experiment, 4 outerwear/underwear combinations were exposed to 1 of 5 different conditions varying on amount and location of moisture. The fabric systems were then exposed to either a high-heat-flux flame exposure (83 kW/m2) or a low-heat-flux radiant exposure (10 kW/m2). Under high-heat-flux flame exposures, external moisture tended to decrease heat transfer through the fabric systems, while internal moisture tended to increase heat transfer. Under low-heat-flux radiant exposures, internal moisture decreased heat transfer through the fabric systems. The nature and extent of such differences was fabric dependent. Implications for test protocol development are discussed.