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Zasady klasyfikacji stratygraficznej czwartorzędu Polski i jej główne kategorie

Marks Leszek

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 10

485--502

EN

A reliable stratigraphic subdivision of the Quaternary is extremely important, dependent firstly on primary significance of its deposits in geological investigations and every-day life of human societies. In the Cenozoic, the Quaternary is a period of the same stratigraphic rank as the Palaeogene and the Neogene, but it is much shorter. Traditional stratigraphic schemes of the Quaternary were based mostly on other criteria than of the older periods, because studies of the Quaternary were focused mainly on more easily accessible terrestrial deposits and a decisive role in their formation was played by climate-induced processes. These factors forced a specific approach to define the stratigraphic units and to create the stratigraphic subdivisions of the Quaternary. In the Quaternary investigations in Poland, several categories of stratigraphic classification are used, particularly lithostratigraphy (with pedostratigraphy and cryostratigraphy), morphostratigraphy, biostratigraphy (including palynostratigraphy, malacostratigraphy, teriostratigraphy and anthropostratigraphy), magnetostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy (synchronized with geochronology) and climatostratigraphy (combined with oxygen isotope stratigraphy). The main climatostratigraphic units can be treated as corresponding to the chronostratigraphic ones and it enables correlation in a regional and global scale. Acritical overview of the applied stratigraphic categories and the updated stratigraphic subdivision are presented for Poland.

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New palaeoclimate reconstructions based on multidisciplinary investigation in the Ferdynandów 2011 stratotype site (eastern Poland)

Stachowicz-Rybka R., Pidek I. A., Żarski M.

Geological Quarterly

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2017

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Vol. 61, No. 2

276--290

EN

Drilling carried out in 2011 at Ferdynandów (E Poland), serving as a stratotype for the Ferdynandovian Interglacial, enabled its re-examination with high-resolution palynological, plant macroremains, and sedimentological analyses. Lacustrine sediments included a record of the Late Sanian 1 (= Elsterian 1) Glaciation, a complete Ferdynandovian succession, and the Early Sanian 2 (= Elsterian 2) Glaciation. Particular similarities in the succession observed between the Ferdynandów 2011 profile and the adjacent sites of the same age in Łuków-3A and Zdany provide a basis for detailed palaeoclimate interpretation. The Ferdynandovian succession of all the three pollen profiles can be clearly divided into two distinct interglacials separated by a sequence of pollen spectra typical of a glacial succession with pollen zones of stadial-interstadial fluctuations. Warm units in the Ferdynandów 2011 succession correspond to climatostratigraphic units of Ferdynandovian 1 and 2, while the cold unit – to Ferdynandovian 1/2. This division can be applied to all Ferdynandovian successions in Poland and allows their correlation with the early Middle Pleistocene Cromerian Complex of Western Europe (Cromerian II Westerhoven and Cromerian III Rosmalen) as well as with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 13–15. For each biostratigraphic unit, mean temperatures of the warmest and coldest months, and mean annual temperature and precipitation were reconstructed. For the comparison with the Ferdynandów 2011 pollen diagram the data based on modern pollen analogues for the Łuków-3A pollen diagram were used.

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Problems of Holocene climatostratigraphy on the territory of Poland

Starkel L.

Studia Quaternaria

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2006

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Vol. 23

17-21

EN

The presented climatostratigraphy of the Holocene on the territory of Poland is based on a range of biotic, sedimentological, geomorphological and isotopic records, but also takes into account fluctuations of temperature and hydrological regime. The author upholds the traditional division of the Holocene into three thermic phases and discusses in detail distinct fluctuations in the hydrological regime reflected in the alteration of wetter and drier phases. Althrough their profiles tend to be blurred, the lower boundaries are the wetter phases, which set off the transformation of geoecosystems (a process reflected in the first clusters of extreme events), may be used to identify regional stratigraphic subdivisions. The superimposed phases of human activity have much smaller spatial extend.

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Uwagi o plejstoceńskich glacjałach i interglacjałach

Winter H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 2

142-144

EN

The paper discusses issues of the distinguishing mono-interglacials (Eemian, Mazovian and Zbojnian ones) and bi-interglacials (Ferdynandovian and Augustovian ones) pollen successions as well as a problem of cooling/glaciation within Ferdynandovian and Augustovian pollen successions. Division of the Ferdynandovian and Augustovian pollen successions into two separated interglacials each (FI and FII, AI and A II, respectivaly) and the glaciation sensu lato (F I/II and A I/II) between these interglacials from the climatostratigraphical point of view is proposed.

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Badania paleobotaniczne młodoplejstoceńskich osadów jeziornych Wysoczyzny Płockiej

Krupiński K. M.

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2005

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T. 184

5--58

PL

Przeprowadzono badania fizykochemiczne i paleobotaniczne osadów z sześciu zbiorników akumulacji biogenicznej późnego glacjału zlodowacenia Warty, interglacjału eemskiego i wczesnego vistulianu, głównie z północnej części Wysoczyzny Płockiej i przylegającej do niej od północnego zachodu Równiny Urszulewskiej, przykrytych i nieprzykrytych osadami glacigenicznymi. Wyniki badań pozwoliły wyznaczyć linię maksymalnego na tym obszarze zasięgu lądolodu zlodowacenia Wisły, odtworzyć przemiany klimatyczno-florystyczne tego odcinka młodszego plejstocenu, poznać cechy fizykochemiczne osadów i dynamikę zbiorników jeziornych tego kopalnego, dotychczas nieznanego, pojezierza eemskiego oraz opracować regionalną stratygrafię pyłkową. Szczególnie interesujące okazały się osady biogeniczne ze Studzieńca. Zawarty w nich zapis paleobotaniczny i wyróżnione 24 L PAZ pozwoliły odtworzyć przemiany klimatyczno-florystyczne przed-eemskiego późnego glacjału, stadium proto-, mezo- i telokratycznego interglacjału eemskiego oraz całego wczesnego vistulianu. W obrębie osadów wczesnego vistulianu zaznaczają się dwa ocieplenia interstadialne: Studzieniec I i Studzieniec II, które zostały skorelowane z interstadiałem Amersfoort-Brørup i Odderade lub Zgierz-Rudunki ZRII-11, ZRII-12 i ZRII-14.

EN

Physical-chemical and paleobotanical investigations of organic sediments from six reservoirs of the Late Warta Glaciation, Eemian Interglacial and the Early Vistulian age, situated mainly in the northern part of Płock Upland and Urszulewo Lowland (with or with-out the cover of glaciogenic deposits) were conducted. Results allowed to trace the maximum extent of the Vistula Glaciation in thatarea, to reconstruct climatic and floral changes during that part of theYounger Pleistocene, to estimate physical-chemical features of lake sediments and dynamic of fossil lakes which created that earlier unknown Eemian Lakeland and to work out regional pollen stratigraphy. Biogenic lake sediments from Studzieniec turned out to be the most interesting. Paleobotanical record included in organic deposits and 24L PAZ which were distinguished there give possibility to reconstructthe climatic and vegetation changes during the Late Warta Glaciation, protocratic, mesocratic and telocratic phases of the Eemian Interglacial, as well as during all of the early Vistulian. Two warm interstadial-rank oscillation during the early Vistulian, Studzieniec I and Studzieniec II, were distinguished. They were correlated with Amersfoort-Brørup and Odderade or Zgierz-Rudunki ZR II-11, ZR II-12 and ZR II-14 oscillations.

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Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphic units in parts of the South Shetland Islands and Northern Antarctic Peninsula (as used by the Polish Antarctic Programmes)

Birkenmajer K.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2001

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Vol. 118

5-188

EN

The paper is an annotated illustrated lexicon of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphic units currently in use in the South Shetland Islands and the Northern Antarctic Peninsula (West Antarctica). Formal and informal lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and climatostratigraphic units of various ranks, and some morphologic-volcanic units/forms, are briefly characterized. Preference is given to the areas where detailed geological and palaeontological research was carried out by the Polish Antarctic Expeditions (1977-2001), and by the joint Argentinian-Polish (1987/8) and Brazilian-Polish (1994) programmes.