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Specyfika dachów

Patoka Krzysztof

Materiały Budowlane

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2023

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nr 1

69--70

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Leaf morphology shift of three dominant species along altitudinal gradient in an alpine meadow of the Quinghai â Tibetan Plateau

Zhong M., Wang J., Liu K., Wu R., Liu Y., Wei X., Pan D., Shao X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 4

639--648

EN

It has been observed that leaf morphology shift within species is linked to climate change, but there are few studies on the effects of altitude change on leaf morphology of species. We hypothesized that similar to climate change, a morphological shift within species would occur over time under different growing altitudes. In this study, we evaluated three dominant grass species: Elymus nutans Griseb., Kobresia capillifolia Clarke., Carex moorcroftii Boott., taking advantage of the altitudinal variations (3000-4000 a.s.l.) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our study showed that almost all leaf traits of these three species had significant differences (P <0.05) across an altitudinal gradient. Different species responded differently to altitude change. Leaf thickness (LT) of the three species increased with increase in altitude. Leaf area (LA) of E. nutans and C. moorcroftii decreased with increasing altitude, but that of K. capillifolia increased. There was no obvious linear effect on leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA) of these three species. LDMC of E. nutans and C. moorcroftii showed a trend of increase, while that of K. capillifolia decreased. SLA of E. nutans and K. capillifolia showed a trend of increase, but that of C. moorcroftii decreased with increase in altitude. In addition, soil pH (pH) and air temperature (AT) decreased with increase in altitude. However, other soil and climate factors increased as altitude increased. The finding of this work is that leaf morphology shift within species happens under altitude change to adapt to specific environment.

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Coastal response to climatic changes : discussion with emphasis on southern Baltic Sea

Łabuz T. A.

Landform Analysis

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2012

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Vol. 21

43-55

EN

The influence of climate change on coastal areas is indisputable. Natural or anthropogenic elements of the coastal zone often reveal unforeseen changes, not comparable with earlier observations. However, human activity is influenced by climatic events that affect settlements and local economies. This paper presents the increasing threat of climate change to world coastal safety with an emphasis on field research from the coast of the southern Baltic Sea. The main climatic factors that influence the land and shallow seas of the coastal zone are: wind, waves, storm surges, ice jams and flooding.We are forgetting about the relationship between these factors and parts of the affected environment.Acostly shore protection scheme in one area forces erosion in another. It is proposed not to analyse the environmental events on average; such scientific results do not provide the basis for calculating real land erosion. In this paper, it is argued that nature does not respect average values; we need to prepare for greater change due to the escalation of those factors affecting the coast.

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Analiza wrażliwości sektora górnictwa w Polsce w kontekście opracowania strategii adaptacji do zmian klimatu

Łączny M. J., Olszewski P., Kelm M.

Prace Naukowe GIG. Górnictwo i Środowisko / Główny Instytut Górnictwa

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2011

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nr 1

27-40

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę określenia wrażliwości sektora górnictwa na czynniki i zjawiska klimatyczne. W ostatnich latach zagadnienie to stało się częścią polityki europejskiej i krajowej. W Białej Księdze, opublikowanej 1 kwietnia 2009 roku przez Komisję Europejską, określono zakres zmniejszania wrażliwości krajów UE na oddziaływanie zmian klimatu. Sektorem gospodarki w Polsce, który powinien podjąć działania adaptacyjne, jest górnictwo węgla kamiennego i brunatnego. Zakłady górnicze, ze względu na zróżnicowaną infrastrukturę, są szczególnie narażone na działanie niekorzystnych zjawisk klimatycznych. Wpływ czynników i zjawisk klimatycznych określono na podstawie badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w 36 zakładach górniczych (32 kopalnie węgla kamiennego i 4 kopalnie węgla brunatnego). Przeanalizowano oddziaływanie: marznących i nawalnych deszczów, powodzi, dużej rocznej wielkości opadów, stanów niskich i wysokich wód, grubej pokrywy śnieżnej, huraganów, długotrwałego zalegania pokrywy lodowej, porywistych wiatrów, długotrwałych okresów upalnych, dużej wilgotności powietrza i nasłonecznienia oraz wilgotności gleby. Analizę przeprowadzono, biorąc pod uwagę etapy działania zakładów górniczych, do których zaliczono: wydobycie węgla, przeróbkę, transport i magazynowanie, a także składowanie odpadów.

EN

The paper presents an attempt to determine the sensitivity of the mining sector to climate factors and change. In recent years, this issue has become the part of the European and national policy. The White Paper, published on April 1, 2009 by the European Commission, describes the scope of the EU countries to reduce sensibility to the impact of climate change. The economic sector, which should take adaptation measures in Poland is the hard bituminous coal and lignite mining. Because of the diverse infrastructure mining enterprises are particularly vulnerable to adverse climate change. The impact ofclimate factors and change is determined on the basis of surveys conducted in 36 mining enterprises (32 hard bituminous coal mines and 4 lignite mines). The impact of: freezing and pouring rains, floods, high annual volume of rainfall, low and high state of water, a thick cover of snow, hurricanes, prolonged ice cap, gusty winds, prolonged hot periods, high humidity and sunlight as well as soil moisture has been analysed. The analysis was performed in the context of the mining enterprises action stages, which include: coal mining, processing, transport and storage as well as disposal of waste.

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Ground vegetation carbon and its relation to climate and species richness

Solon J., Roo-Zielińska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 4

513-527

EN

Ten pine forest sites located along the transect between 50 stopni 28 minut and 70 stopni 09 minut N were studied. The purposes of the present paper are: 1) to determine the volume of the organic carbon pool in selected layers of the analysed forest ecosystems (shrubs, herb layer, mosses and lichens, litter, and the humus horizon of the soil); and 2) to elaborate the correlation-based prediction models relating the organic carbon pools in these layers with the selected variables characterising the climate and the species richness of the pine forests. The results indicate a clear horizontal heterogeneity of the ground layer in the pine forests considered. This is reflected, in particular, through the differentiation of the carbon pool in particular places within the ecosystem. Thereis a distict geographical variability in the carbon pool among the sites in particular layers, with the average annual and January temperatures having the largest influence on this variability. However, in different cases there are different combinations of the factors describing these relations in the best way. The relations between the carbon pool and the species richness of the sites along the transect show that either the minimal carbon pool occurs at sites of an average species richness, or there is no relation between these variables. The analysis implies that there are two points of the transect at which various characteristics of the system undergo an abrupt shift. The first of them is equivalent to the passage of the annual +1 stopień C isotherm, while the second at approximately 5-6 stopni C. There is the possibility that these regularities occur within the entire range of the pine forests.