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1

Adapting cities for climate change: concept of multi-city knowledge transfer in the field of decarbonizing buildings

Pomykała Anna

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2024

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nr 57

221--240

EN

The aim of this article is to present assumptions for pilot activities showing how regions can change the way they counteract climate change in the spatial structure of cities. The problem is considered in terms of identifying stakeholder groups and levers of change. An attempt to develop a catalog of levers will allow for the assessment of the usefulness and possibility of transferring pilot activities outside the city context. Further research is also needed to develop appropriate measurement criteria to determine the effectiveness of the strategy. The concept defined its main elements and outlined future directions for its improvement.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie założeń do działań pilotażowych pokazujących, w jaki sposób regiony mogą zmienić sposób, w jaki przeciwdziałają zmianom klimatycznym w strukturze przestrzennej miast. Problem rozważany jest w kategorii identyfikacji grup interesariuszy oraz dźwigni zmian. Próba wypracowania katalogu dźwigni pozwoli na ocenę przydatności i możliwości przeniesienia działań pilotażowych poza kontekst miasta. Konieczne są także dalsze badania w celu opracowania odpowiednich kryteriów pomiaru pozwalających określić skuteczność strategii. Koncepcja zdefiniowała jej główne elementy i nakreśliła przyszłe kierunki jej udoskonalenia.

2

Application of UAV and ground measurements for urban vegetation cooling benefits assessment, Wilanów Palace case study

Trzeciak Michał, Sikorska Daria

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2024

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Vol. 33, No. 1

53--68

EN

This research at the Wilanów Palace, Warsaw, assesses urban greenery’s cooling impacts in a cultural heritage site using remote sensing and on-site measurements, highlighting vegetation’s importance in urban climate control. The study combines soil temperature data, UAV thermal imagery, leaf area index (LAI), LiDAR, and NDVI analyses. Findings demonstrate a strong link between vegetation density and temperature: UAV land surface temperature (LST) ranged from 26.8° to 47.5°C, peaking at 72°C, while ground-based temperatures were between 19.5° and 29.2°C, lowest in dense vegetation areas. The statistical analysis confirmed significant temperature differences across vegetation types, with higher LAI areas showing lower temperatures. These results validate the cooling effect of dense vegetation, emphasizing green spaces’ significance in urban climate regulation within cultural heritage sites. The study informs sustainable urban design and conservation, underlining the critical role of vegetation in improving urban microclimates.

3

Seawater temperature changes in the southern Baltic Sea (1959–2019) forced by climate change

Zalewska Tamara, Wilman Bartłomiej, Łapeta Bożena, Marosz Michał, Biernacik Dawid, Wochna Agnieszka, Saniewski Michał, Grajewska Agnieszka, Iwaniak Michał

Oceanologia

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2024

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Vol. 66 (1)

37--55

EN

The study included the analysis of changes in sea surface and water column temperature and air temperature in the years 1959–2019 in the southern Baltic Sea based on in situ measurement (CTD probe), satellite data, and model data (ERA5). SST increased on average by 0.6°C per decade. Analyses at different depths showed that the highest temperature increase per decade at 0.60–0.65°C characterised the layers from 0 to 20 m. The smallest increase (0.11°C) was recorded at a depth of 70 m, below which the temperature change per decade increases again to 0.24°C. The results from satellite observations covering 1982–2019 were consistent with measurement data. The most intense water warming occured in the spring – summer (0.8–1°C per decade); in the winter, the change did not exceed 0.2°C. In the offshore area, in 1951–2020, air temperature increased by approx. 2°C, with an average increase of 0.37°C per decade. The average increase in seawater temperature in the coastal zone was 0.2°C per decade. The most intense warming characterised March to May (0.25–0.27°C). The average annual air temperature increase on the coast from 1951 to 2020 was 0.34°C per decade. The results represent an important contribution to research and prediction of changes in the marine environment caused by global climate change.

4

“Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting:” Colorado River water disputes over the Lake Powell Pipeline

Perdomo Marin Juan Camilo

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2024

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Vol. 12, Iss. 1

22--49

EN

This case study analyzes the history, controversies, implications, and uncertainty in constructing the Lake Powell Pipeline (LPP) to evaluate how the state of Utah has been addressing the larger problem of responding to growing local demands for water within a regional context of reductions and cuts in water allocations. The research uses a multimethod approach, namely, analysis of historical documents, interviews, literature review, and field notes to link this case’s overlapping factors affecting the viability of LPP. The paper is divided into five sections: (1) an introductory review of the political and technological history of the Colorado River; (2) a description of the arguments and controversies related to the construction of LPPs; (3), identifying how the history of the Colorado River and LPP are deeply connected; (4) analysis of the properties of water infrastructure to understand what is at stake in the materialization of this project; and (5) a characterization of the complex political scenarios behind the negotiations over the LPP. The paper concludes with a reflection on how these controversies are part of a worldwide phenomenon: i.e., where building local water infrastructure is prioritized while ignoring the need for more holistic river basin policies.

5

The kinematic and thermodynamic environment during cloud-to-ground lightning occurrence in Poland

Sulik Sławomir, Taszarek Mateusz

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2024

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Vol. 12, Iss. 1

83--103

EN

This study identifies convective and kinematic parameters that positively influence elevated values of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes (CGs) in Poland. The analysis used data from the PERUN lightning detection and location system from IMGW-PIB and reanalyses of the ERA5 model from ECMWF for the period 2002-2020. In addition, a spatial-temporal distribution analysis was carried out for the period 1940-2022, covering the key parameters necessary for the appearance of convection. Results showed that thunderstorms most often occur in the summer, but also that there are increasingly favorable conditions for the appearance of organized multicellular systems in the spring. CG flashes most often form in a most-unstable convective available potential energy (MU CAPE) environment of about 1300 J/kg along with vertical wind shear (0-6 km AGL bulk wind shear) of 13-14 m/s. Using the WMAXSHEAR parameter, it was possible to conclude that overlapping CAPE and DLS values of about 500 m2/s2 imply increased electrical activity. At the same time, a high correlation with the Hail Size Index (HSI) parameter implies a positive relationship between the occurrence of hailstorms and an increased number of CGs generated in the case of supercells. The research also found a gradual increase in air temperature, MU CAPE, MU Mixing Ratio and the MU WMAXSHEAR parameter for the area under study.

6

Acceleration of the hydrological cycle and its impact on water availability over land: an adverse effect of climate change

Ehtasham Laraib, Sherani Sadia Hassan, Nawaz Faheem

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2024

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Vol. 12, Iss. 1

1--21

EN

The hydrological cycle, or water cycle, is one of the most important geochemical cycles on our planet. Normal functioning of its mechanisms (evaporation/evapotranspiration, condensation, and precipitation) is very important for the well-being of human beings. However, the acceleration of the hydrological cycle, mainly due to global warming, is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme events (floods, droughts, and alterations in water resources) in many regions around the globe. This acceleration or intensification occurs because of rising temperature, which intensifies and speeds up evaporation (probable increase of 5.2%) and precipitation (probable increase of 6.5%); hence this scenario is escalating climate change. According to the datasets retrieved from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) of NASA, rain precipitation rate has shown changes in various regions of the world. Consequently, extreme and frequent events of heavy precipitation, floods, and droughts are also deteriorating the quality of water and preventing recharge of water reservoirs. Although some regions of the world will experience positive outcomes of this scenario in terms of water availability (due to frequent intense precipitation), most of the world’s regions are expected to face the daunting issue of water unavailability, as predicted by many researchers.

7

Role of phytolith occluded carbon of cereales plants for climate change mitigation

Rutkowska Beata, Schröder Peter, Mench Michel, Rineau Francois, Szulc Witold, Szulc Wiesław, Pobereżny Jarosław, Tiideberg Kristjan, Niedziński Tomasz, Loit Evelin

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

50--58

EN

Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) is highly stable, and constitutes an important source of long-term C storage in agrosystems. This stored carbon is resistant to the processes of oxidation of carbon compounds. In our research phytolith content in barley (Estonia) and oat (Poland) grain and straw was assessed at field trials, with Si as a liquid immune stimulant OPTYSIL and compost fertilisation. We showed that cereals can produce relatively high amounts of phytoliths. PhytOC plays a key role in carbon sequestration, particularly for poor, sandy Polish and Estonian soils. The phytolith content was always higher in straw than in grain regardless of the type of cereals. The phytolith content in oat grains varied from 18.46 to 21.28 mg∙g-1 DM, and in straw 27.89-38.97 mg∙g-1 DM. The phytolith content in barley grain ranged from 17.24 to 19.86 mg∙g-1 DM, and in straw from 22.06 to 49.08 mg∙g-1 DM. Our results suggest that oat ecosystems can absorb from 14.94 to 41.73 kg e-CO2∙ha-1 and barley absorb from 0.32 to 1.60 kg e-CO2∙ha-1. The accumulation rate of PhytOC can be increased 3-fold in Polish conditions through foliar application of silicon, and 5-fold in Estonian conditions. In parallel, the compost fertilisation increased the phytolith content in cereals.

8

Integrating advanced approaches for climate change impact assessment on water resources in arid regions

Abdullaeva Barno S.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

149--156

EN

This research addresses the growing complexity and urgency of climate change’s impact on water resources in arid regions. It combines advanced climate modelling, machine learning, and hydrological modelling to gain profound insights into temperature variations and precipitation patterns and their impacts on the runoff. Notably, it predicts a continuous rise in both maximum and minimum air temperatures until 2050, with minimum temperatures increasing more rapidly. It highlights a concerning trend of decreasing basin precipitation. Sophisticated hydrological models factor in land use, vegetation, and groundwater, offering nuanced insights into water availability, which signifies a detailed and comprehensive understanding of factors impacting water availability. This includes considerations of spatial variability, temporal dynamics, land use effects, vegetation dynamics, groundwater interactions, and the influence of climate change. The research integrates data from advanced climate models, machine learning, and real-time observations, and refers to continuously updated data from various sources, including weather stations, satellites, ground-based sensors, climate monitoring networks, and stream gauges, for accurate basin discharge simulations (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency - NSERCP2.6 = 0.99, root mean square error - RMSERCP2.6 = 1.1, and coefficient of determination R2RCP2.6 = 0.95 of representative concentration pathways 2.6 (RCP)). By uniting these approaches, the study offers valuable insights for policymakers, water resource managers, and local communities to adapt to and manage water resources in arid regions.

9

Sustainable Agriculture in Peru Based on Agrobiodiversity and Climate-Smart Agriculture–Evaluation of a Case Study with Small Farmers in an Andean Basin

Aguilar-Luis Miguel Angel, Sanchez José Miguel, Mercado Waldemar, Orihuela Julio Cesar Alegre

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 4

278--293

EN

The loss of biodiversity and the effects of climate change hurt agricultural production and food security in Peru and around the world. The family farming sector in Peru (97% of agricultural units–AU) faces numerous challenges when it comes to sustainably producing food. To sustain Peruvian agriculture in the face of climate change, climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices and agrobiodiversity conservation are essential. This document characterizes the level of agrobiodiversity (index IDA) of family AUs in the Crisnejas basin and analyzes the impact of the elements that affect farmers’ decisions to apply multiple CSA measures. CSA adoption decisions were analyzed using an econometric analysis framework combining multivariate and ordered probit models for 340 family AUs. Results indicate that AUs with a lower agrobiodiversity index (IDA) have a higher monthly income (IDA=0.56, 312 USD, Pearson binary correlation, CI=-0.4107). The highest economic income AUs are located between 2,500 and 3,000 meters above sea level (352 USD, CI=-0.3551), have access to irrigation (365 USD, CI=-0.5225), and are also part of consolidated family farms (428 USD, CI=-0.2699). Based on the econometric results, farmers’ decisions to adopt CSA practices are influenced by altitude, tenure, age, cultivated area, level of agrobiodiversity, and access to water. A larger number of household members, a better educational level, and a greater distance to the local market increase the probability of intensifying the use of CSA practices in the lower, middle, and upper basins, respectively (significant coefficient estimates, p-value<0.05). Distance to the farms, cultivated area, and seed storage are other factors associated with the intensity of CSA use (p-value<0.05). According to the findings, agrobiodiversity must be increased in Peruvian agriculture to achieve a functional and balanced system from an economic, ecological, and sociocultural perspective, as well as carefully developing adaptation/mitigation strategies to address the impacts of climate change on Peruvian agriculture.

10

Impact of climate change on the safety of the foundation zone of steel tanks

Pawłowicz Joanna P., Skotnicka-Siepsiak Aldona, Szeląg Romuald A., Obolewicz Jerzy, Baryłka Adam

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2024

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Nr 1

13--22

EN

Climate change introduces the need to look at new issues in the safe operation of engineering structures. Analysis for the past decade has shown the significance of the weather changes taking place and the effects in the form of periodic long heat waves causing heating of external surfaces combined with solar radiation can cause significant structural impacts. Intense rainfall causing increased penetration of water into the ground also proves to be an important issue in terms of the proper condition of foundation zones. Performed studies have shown that in unfavorable conditions can lead to defects in the foundation zones of steel tanks.

11

Wpływ zmiany klimatu na przyszłość zasobów wodnych w Polsce

Kundzewicz Zbigniew

Gospodarka Wodna

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2024

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Nr 1

15--19

PL

W artykule zawarto analizę wpływu zmiany klimatu na przyszłość zasobów wodnych w Polsce. Przedstawiono mechanizmy dawnych zmian klimatu oraz omówiono obserwacje obecnie zachodzącej zmiany klimatu i projekcje na przyszłość. Zmiana klimatu wpływa na zaostrzenie trzech kategorii problemów wodnych w Polsce, związanych z nadmiarem, niedoborem i złą jakością wody. Zmiana klimatu jest więc dodatkowym czynnikiem komplikującym już istniejące problemy, które musi rozwiązać gospodarka wodna. Gospodarka wodna wymaga racjonalnego układu instytucjonalnego, dobrych i stabilnych regulacji prawnych oraz mądrych decyzji politycznych. Pokazano szereg istniejących niedostatków w tym względzie, które pilnie wymagają przemyślenia.

EN

The article constitutes an analysis of the impact of the climate change on the future of water resources of Poland. It presents mechanisms of past climate changes and discusses observations related to the current climate change process and forecasts for the future. The climate change contributes to the exacerbation of three categories of water problems in Poland, namely those related to the excess, shortage and poor quality of water. The climate change constitutes therefore an additional factor complicating the already existing problems to be solved by water management. Water management requires rational institutional system, good and stable legal regulations and wise political decisions. The author presents a series of shortcomings in this regard, to be urgently reflected upon.

12

Recykling drewna i materiałów drewnopochodnych

Słomka Wojciech

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

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2024

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nr 7

PL

Odpady drzewne, drewno poprodukcyjne, drewno odpadowe i drewno poużytkowe to kilka definicji asortymentu, który można poddać recyklingowi. Szacuje się, że niespełna 0,4% masy drewna i materiałów drewnopochodnych przeznaczonych do ponownego wykorzystania nie nadaje się do przerobienia. Ponadto na świecie zaledwie 15% drewna odpadowego poddaje się recyklingowi. To zdecydowanie za mało, kiedy uznaje się, że to drzewa są jednym z najważniejszych sprzymierzeńców w walce ze zmianą klimatu.

13

Wykorzystanie danych z programu Copernicus w ocenie ryzyka klimatycznego

Skrzyńska Magdalena, Bednarczyk Paweł

Energetyka

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2024

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nr 9

355--357

PL

Copernicus to program, dzięki któremu można wykonać analizę scenariuszową w celu przeprowadzenia oceny ryzyka niezbędnej w raportowaniu zagadnień zrównoważonego rozwoju, z uwzględnieniem wymagań ESRS i Taksonomii UE. W niniejszym artykule zwrócono uwagę na istotne i często problematyczne kwestie, występujące podczas przeprowadzenia analizy scenariuszowej. Opisano, jakie dane można pozyskać z programu Copernicus, głównie w aspekcie zagadnień związanych z klimatem, oraz w jaki sposób są przetwarzane. Zwrócono również uwagę na rzetelność, przetwarzanie i format danych.

EN

Copernicus is the European Union’s Earth Observation Programme which allows scenario analysis – a valuable tool to perform necessary risk assessments for sustainability reporting, taking into account requirements of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) and the EU Taxonomy. The article points out essential and common questionable issues encountered when conducting scenario analysis. The data concerning mainly climate-related risks and opportunities which can be obtained from Copernicus and the way they are processed are described. The article also highlights data reliability, processing and format.

14

What drives European farmers' attitude towards water management - a systematic literature approach

Guth Marta, Matuszczak Anna, Poczta-Wajda Agnieszka, Sapa Agnieszka, Smędzik-Ambroży Katarzyna

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 2

art. no. 738

EN

Considering challenges related to climate change, projected population growth, and increasing food demand, the long-term use of water in agriculture is becoming a pressing concern. Therefore, effective water resource management by farmers is crucial and warrants extensive scientific investigation. Consequently, the primary objective of this article was to identify pertinent studies addressing farmers' approaches, attitudes, and actions concerning water management and the adoption of water innovations. The review was conducted using the PRISMA method, serving as the foundation for subsequent quantitative and qualitative analyses. The findings suggest that water management in agriculture is gaining significance due to increasing exposure to the risk of limited water availability and complement to adapt to changing climate conditions. Previous research has predominantly focused on selected southern regions of Europe. Farmers' attitudes toward water management are primarily influenced by socio-economic and institutional factors. Education emerged as a crucial determinant in encouraging farmers to use water conservation practices.

PL

Biorąc pod uwagę wyzwania związane ze zmianami klimatycznymi, prognozowanym wzrostem liczby ludności i rosnącym zapotrzebowaniem na żywność, długoterminowe wykorzystanie wody w rolnictwie staje się palącym problemem. Dlatego skuteczne zarządzanie zasobami wodnymi przez rolników ma kluczowe znaczenie i wymaga szeroko zakrojonych badań naukowych. W związku z tym głównym celem tego artykułu było zidentyfikowanie odpowiednich badań dotyczących podejść, postaw i działań rolników w zakresie gospodarki wodnej i przyjęcia innowacji wodnych. Przeglądu dokonano metodą PRISMA, która stała się podstawą do dalszych analiz ilościowych i jakościowych. Wyniki sugerują, że gospodarka wodna w rolnictwie zyskuje na znaczeniu ze względu na rosnące narażenie na ryzyko ograniczonej dostępności wody i konieczność dostosowania się do zmieniających się warunków klimatycznych. Poprzednie badania skupiały się głównie na wybranych południowych regionach Europy. Na podejście rolników do gospodarki wodnej wpływają przede wszystkim czynniki społeczno-ekonomiczne i instytucjonalne. Edukacja okazała się kluczowym czynnikiem zachęcającym rolników do stosowania praktyk oszczędzania wody.

15

Insurance in mitigating the financial consequences of natural disasters

Pauch Dariusz, Bera Anna, Walczak Damian

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 2

art. no. 769

EN

The objective of the article is to delineate the role of insurance in alleviating the financial ramifications of natural disasters. To achieve this objective, two research questions were formulated: 1) What are the magnitude and economic implications of natural disasters? 2) How does disaster insurance contribute to the process of asset reconstruction? In preparing the article, the authors conducted a review of literature pertaining to the subject matter and analysed secondary data sourced from reports and publications of international institutions and organisations involved in addressing the financial impact of natural disasters. Limitations of the conducted research include variations in the scale and impact of disasters across different countries, leading to a lack of uniform legal frameworks regarding the utilisation of insurance in mitigating the financial fallout of natural disasters.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest wskazanie na rolę ubezpieczeń w łagodzeniu finansowych skutków katastrof naturalnych. Aby zrealizować cel postawiono dwa pytania badawcze: 1) Jaka jest skala i konsekwencje dla gospodarki katastrof naturalnych? 2) Jaka jest rola ubezpieczeń od klęsk żywiołowych w procesie odtworzenia majątku? Przygotowując artykuł, Autorzy wykorzystali analizę literatury przedmiotu, analizę danych wtórnych zamieszczonych w raportach i publikacjach międzynarodowych instytucji i organizacji zajmujących się problematyką łagodzenia finansowych skutków katastrof naturalnych. W ramach ograniczeń przeprowadzonych badań należy wskazać na skalę i oddziaływanie klęsk w zależności od kraju, co wpływa na brak jednorodnych rozwiązań prawnych w aspekcie zastosowania ubezpieczeń w łagodzeniu skutków finansowych katastrof naturalnych.

16

Impact of climate change on income inequality. Implications for rich and poor countries

Wildowicz-Szumarska Anna, Owsiak Katarzyna

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 2

art. no. 684

EN

The article aims to provide evidence of the link between income inequality and climate change in both developed and low-income economies. This study uses a descriptive analysis method along with panel data analysis to assess the impact of climate changes on income inequality in 42 advanced economies and 68 developing countries between 1995 and 2020. The results of empirical research confirm that climate change is an important factor responsible for growing income inequality. The impact of a country’s vulnerability is positively associated with increasing income inequality in low-income economies. In turn, climate resilience has a statistically significant effect on income distribution in both groups, although the ability to mitigate climate change and adapt is considerably weaker in developing countries. This research raises our awareness of the links between the economy and climate change, including their implications for income inequality, and signals possible changes in the redistributive system to mitigate climate change and combat income inequality. The added value of this article is the results of research on the negative consequences of climate change on income inequality in over 100 countries. Particular attention was paid to the ethical issue of unequal responsibility for causing climate change between rich and poor countries.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dowodów na związek między nierównościami dochodowymi a zmianami klimatycznymi zarówno w gospodarkach rozwiniętych, jak i o niskich dochodach. W niniejszym badaniu zastosowano metodę analizy opisowej wraz z analizą danych panelowych w celu oceny wpływu zmian klimatycznych na nierówności dochodowe w 42 krajach wysoko rozwiniętych i 68 krajach rozwijających się w latach 1995-2020. Wyniki badań empirycznych potwierdzają, że zmiany klimatyczne są ważnym czynnikiem odpowiedzialnym za rosnące nierówności dochodowe. Wpływ wrażliwości klimatycznej kraju na zagrożenia jest pozytywnie powiązany ze wzrostem nierówności dochodowych w gospodarkach o niskich dochodach. Z kolei odporność klimatyczna ma statystycznie istotny wpływ na rozkład dochodów w obu grupach, choć zdolność do łagodzenia i adaptacji do zmian klimatycznych jest znacznie słabsza w krajach rozwijających się. Badanie to podnosi naszą świadomość na temat powiązań między gospodarką a zmianami klimatycznymi, w tym ich konsekwencji dla nierówności dochodów, a także sygnalizuje możliwe zmiany w systemie redystrybucji w celu łagodzenia zmian klimatycznych i zwalczania nierówności dochodowych. Wartością dodaną tego artykułu są wyniki badań nad negatywnymi konsekwencjami zmian klimatycznych dla nierówności dochodowych w ponad 100 krajach. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na kwestię etyczną nierównej odpowiedzialności za powodowanie zmian klimatycznych między krajami bogatymi i biednymi.

17

Heating and cooling degree-days vs climate change in years 1979-2021. Evidence from the European Union and Norway

Pangsy-Kania Sylwia, Biegańska Justyna, Flouros Floros, Sokół Aneta

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 1

art. no. 619

EN

Energy consumption depends strongly on weather conditions. Thus, to formulate energy-related policy goals, it is crucial to monitor changes related to the heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) – widely applied indicators of climate change. The study investigated the impact that climate change (global warming) exerted on the number of HDD and CDD, as well as the weather-related final energy consumption of the European households (EU-27 and Norway), based on data derived from Eurostat for the period 1979-2021. The results indicate that the changes in HDD and CDD constituted non-linear functions of the country’s average temperature, with the largest percentage changes observed in the warmest (in the case of HDD) and the coldest (in the case of CDD) portion of European countries. As indicated by estimations based on first-difference linear regression models, climate change has contributed so far to the net decrease in weather-related energy consumption of households.

PL

Zużycie energii jest silnie uzależnione od warunków pogodowych. Z tego względu, w celu kształtowania polityki energetycznej kluczowego znaczenia nabiera obserwacja zmian w zakresie stopniodni ogrzewania (HDD) i stopniodni chłodzenia (CDD), powszechnie wykorzystywanych wskaźników zmian klimatycznych. Przedmiotem badania był wpływ zmian klimatycznych (globalnego ocieplenia) na liczbę HDD i CDD, jak również oszacowanie wpływu tych zmian na uwarunkowane pogodowo zużycie energii przez europejskie gospodarstwa domowe (w UE-27 i Norwegii), na podstawie danych Eurostat z lat 1979-2021. Badanie wykazało, iż zmiany HDD i CDD stanowią nieliniowe funkcje przeciętnej temperatury powietrza, a największe zmiany w ujęciu procentowym zaobserwowano w najcieplejszych (w przypadku HDD) i najzimniejszych (w przypadku CDD) regionach UE. Jak wykazały estymacje oparte na indywidualnych regresjach liniowych na pierwszych różnicach zmiennych, zmiany klimatyczne przyczyniły się dotychczas do zmniejszenia uwarunkowanego pogodowo zużycia energii przez europejskie gospodarstwa domowe.

18

Counteracting climate change in the context of implementing sustainable development in economic and social aspects

Skubiak Beata, Broniewicz Mirosław, Grabowska Paulina

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 1

art. no. 785

EN

The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge about climate change, the causes of these changes, and potential effects, both environmental, economic, and social. To achieve the formulated goal, the author attempts to interpret original research results in the area of climate change, as well as actions taken (at various levels) in the field of climate policy. This is intended to answer the question of whether the idea of sustainable development at the social and economic level is realistic in the context of climate policy. In the ongoing debate, the problem of adaptation to climate change has given way to the problem of pollutant emissions, and the available scientific knowledge is insufficient to predict what changes the climate will undergo in the coming decades and what impact humans will have on these changes. Based on the analyses carried out, the author of the article concludes that emphasis should be placed on solutions that support human well-being and minimise losses. Environmental protection, if it is to remain a science, must take responsibility for the entire environment, including human well-being, and cannot be done at the expense of human beings because it destroys the natural social order. The article verifies the following hypothesis: decisions made in the field of climate policy are insufficiently justified by scientific research, which provides irrefutable facts.

PL

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat zmian klimatycznych, przyczyn tych zmian i potencjalnych skutków, zarówno środowiskowych, jak i ekonomiczno-społecznych. Dla zrealizowania sformułowanego celu autorzy podejmują próbę: interpretacji oryginalnych wyników badań w obszarze zmian klimatycznych, a także, podejmowanych działań (na różnych poziomach) w zakresie polityki klimatycznej. Ma to doprowadzić do odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w kontekście prowadzonej polityki klimatycznej realna jest idea zrównoważonego rozwoju na poziomie społecznym i gospodarczym? W toczącej się debacie problem adaptacji do zmian klimatycznych ustąpił miejsca problemowi emisji zanieczyszczeń, a dostępna wiedza naukowa jest niewystarczająca, aby przewidzieć, jakim zmianom ulegnie klimat w nadchodzących dekadach oraz jaki wpływ na te zmiany będzie miał człowiek. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz autorzy artykułu wnioskują, żeby kłaść nacisk na rozwiązania, które wspierają dobrostan człowieka i minimalizują straty. Ochrona środowiska, jeżeli ma pozostać nauką, to musi brać odpowiedzialność za całe środowisko, również za dobro człowieka, nie może odbywać się jego kosztem, ponieważ burzy to naturalny porządek społeczny. W artykule weryfikowana jest następująca hipoteza: podejmowane decyzje w zakresie polityki klimatycznej mają niewystarczające uzasadnienie w badaniach naukowych.

19

The Impact of Food Waste Mitigation with Black Soldier Fly Assistance on Climate Change in Indonesia – A Systematic Review

Octaviani Yeti Nur, Budihardjo Mochamad Arief, Sumiyati Sri

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

60--72

EN

Climate changes in the world and Indonesia cannot be separated from human activities. Food waste is an act of throwing away food which can result in climate change due to the high potential for global warming due to this activity. Therefore, there is a need for mitigation in the form of food waste processing, one of which is the black soldier fly (BSF) method. This study aimed to determine the development trend of the impact of food waste in Indonesia on climate change and determine the effect of mitigating food waste processing using the BSF method. The analysis used in this study was bibliometric, and a systematic literature review was applied to 298 published articles. It was found that the publication trend of articles regarding the impact of food waste on climate change in Indonesia is still tiny, namely seven publications. In the impact analysis of mitigating food waste processing using the BSF method was proven to reduce global warming potential by 1,201.58 kg CO2eq and 1,143.4 kg CO2eq. This value compares food waste processing using the BSF and landfilling methods. Results were also obtained from the processing of food waste using only the BSF method for global warming potential values of 0.38 kg CO2eq, 6,687 kg CO2eq, and 3.2 kg CO2eq.

20

Risks Associated with the Impact of Climate Change on the Informal Mining Industry

Yuli-Posadas Ricardo Angel, Chávez-Juanito Yuli Anbel, Tapia Manrique Edgar Robert, Bulege-Gutiérrez Wilfredo

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

46--59

EN

Informal mining is a very relevant activity in many regions of the world, as it provides employment and income to local communities. However, this activity faces significant challenges due to the impact of climate change. The objective of this study was to identify, analyze and synthesize, using a unique approach, the specific risks associated with the impact of climate change on the informal mining industry. Methodologically, it was a review study through an analysis of original content for the purpose of creating an authentic study, in which the following search engines were used: Scopus, Redalyc SciELO, Google Scholar and WoS. The analysis of the texts allowed identifying three categories of analysis: (a) Environmental challenges in informal mining: Evaluation of deforestation, soil degradation and water pollution as a consequence of climate change, (b) Health and safety risks of informal mining workers: Exposure to toxic substances and dangers associated with extreme weather phenomena and (c) Adaptation and mitigation strategies in informal mining in the face of climate change: Clean technologies, training and improvement of working conditions, which allowed obtaining a deeper understanding of the risks associated with the impact of climate change on the informal mining industry, identifying deforestation, land degradation and water pollution as significant environmental challenges affecting this industry due to climate change.