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An Acoustic Study of the Emphatic Occlusive [t] in School-Going Children with Cleft Palate or Cleft Lip

Baazi Khaled, Guerti Mhania

Archives of Acoustics

2022

Vol. 47, No. 2

141--149

The aim of this acoustic study is to analyse the phoneme [t] produced by school children surgically operated on for the cleft palate or cleft lip, in order to examine their vocal characteristics, to provide speech therapists with numerous concrete analyses of voice and speech, to effectively support them and to prevent some serious outcomes on their psychological and academic development. The motivation for this study was mainly stemming from the difficulties that Algerian schoolchildren with clefts encounter in the pronunciation of this phoneme. To carry out the study, several acoustic parameters were investigated in terms of the fundamental frequency F0, the first three formants F1, F2, and F3, the energy E0, the Voice Onset Time (VOT), the durations [CV] and [V] of the subsequent vowel [a]. For the analysis, further important parameters in the field of pathological speech were deployed, namely the degree of disturbance of F0 (jitter), the degree of disturbance of intensity (shimmer) and the HNR (Harmonics to Noise Ratio). Results revealed disturbance in the values of F1, F2, and F3 and stability in the values of F0. Another important reported aspect is the increase in the value of the VOT due to the difficulties in controlling the plosives’ successive closure and release.

Location of Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate Prevalence Clusters using Kulldorff Scan Statistics

Więckowska B., Materna-Kiryluk A., Kossowski T., Moczko J., Wiśniewska K., Latos-Bieleńska A.

Computational Methods in Science and Technology

2012

Vol. 18, No. 1

53-62

The prevalence of clusters with the increased morbidity rate is the area of interest among epidemiologists. Not only does the identification of clusters require collecting precise epidemiological data but it also requires the application of reliable spatial statistics techniques. The identification of atypical clusters in this article is performed using data from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (PRWWR) on children with isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate; the study was carried out in the Wielkopolska Region (Greater Poland). For this purpose, Kulldorff Scan Statistics and the LISA method were used. Since each technique used in the study focuses on a slightly different aspect of spatial structure, the obtained clusters do not always completely overlap. This study presents and compares the efficiency and accuracy of these two non-standard methods of geo-static analysis in children living in the Greater Poland counties. The study has identified 5 agglomerations with an increased prevalence rate of the examined malformation, no statistically significant cluster has been detected. On the basis of the agglomerations, it was possible to compare the applicability of two statistical methods used in the study. Despite the fact that the located clusters do not always completely overlap, the study has proved similarity in qualifying particular counties for given clusters and areas outside the clusters. Taking into account its applicability and monitoring the process of spatial scanning, the Kulldorff method has occurred more universal and accurate in examining the children with congenital malformations.