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Novel nanofibers composite based clay : synthesis, characterization and intrinsic properties

El Omari Youssef, Kbiri Zakaria, Tbib Bouazza, Abouharim Abdelhafid, El-Hami Khalil

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

2023

Vol. 59, iss. 1

art. no. 161679

This work focuses on the study of red brick doped with reed fibers. These properties have been studied using characterizations techniques. In this context, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on the stability configuration, chemical structures and surface properties (morphology and porosity). The synthesis protocol is followed according to the manufacturing process of bricks on an industrial scale with well-defined standards and specifications. SEM and XRD experimental results showed that doping of clay fibers could effectively increase pore size and grain size as an indication of the removal of non-crystalline cellulosic materials from the fibers. The benefits of using fiber additives in clay bricks are then confirmed from a performance and environmental point of view.

Eco-friendly fired clay brick manufactured with agricultural solid waste

Kizinievič O., Kizinievič V., Pundiene I., Molotokas D.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2018

Vol. 18, no. 4

1156--1165

Green building materials have attracted attention recently due to sustainability issues. Agricultural waste used as alternative raw materials in the manufacturing of building products, fired clay bricks in particular, is an innovative way of waste utilisation. Large quantities of waste are produced in grain processing. New ways of utilising this waste are required for solving this problem. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of agricultural solid waste (oat husk and barley husk and middlings) on the physical and mechanical properties and porosity of fired clay bricks. Brick moulding compounds were prepared by adding 5%, 10% and 20% of oat husk or barley husk and middlings and fired at 900 °C and 1000 °C temperature, keeping them at the highest temperature for 1 h. Oat husk, barley husk and middlings incinerate at 500 °C temperature, thus forming a porous structure in the clay body. The addition of 5–10% of oat husk or barley husk and middlings into brick moulding compound produces eco-friendly fired clay brick having the density of 1300–1800 kg/m3, compressive strength of 3.3–9.5 MPa, total open porosity of 34–49%, water absorption 14–28%. Oat husk or barley husk and middlings reduce the compressive strength of eco-friendly fired clay brick.

Qualitative analysis of baked clay bricks available in Larkana region, Pakistan

Khoso S., Wagan F., Khan J., Bhatti N., Ansari A.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

2014

Vol. 7, no. 2

41--50

Apparently in the beginning non-fired bricks were used for the shelter over the head. As the world progressed fired clay bricks found acceptability for construction. In Pakistan fired clay bricks are used in-plenty for erecting the houses. However, the technology is quite old and the practice is being repeated for several years. More commonly the bricks are porous; water absorbability is quite high and consequently the compressive strength and other properties are much lower than they should have been. In order to get an idea about quality of bricks, a comparative study of the properties of fired clay bricks of Hoofmann kiln versus Sada Bhatta (manually operated kiln) is done. A systematic study was carried out to determine various properties such as water absorption, efflorescence, crushing strength, specific weight, specific gravity of common bricks and specific weight of baked clay. This was particularly deemed imperative because of the fact that the process of burning is not uniform. This is done in two forms; i.e. by burning in the kiln with wooden logs and wooden fuels and in the Sada Bhattas where the fuel is bagasse and rice husks. Obviously it was expected that the compressive strength of bricks in the kiln was somewhat higher than Sada Bhattas. The systematic study consists of compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio as major points of investigations.

Najprawdopodobniej początkowo niewypalonych cegieł używano do budowy prostych schronów. Wraz z postępem cywilizacyjnym w budownictwie zastosowanie znalazły wypalane cegły gliniane. W Pakistanie gliniane cegły wypalane są masowo i wykorzystywane do wznoszenia domów. Technologia ta jest bardzo stara, a praktyka powtarzana przez wiele lat. Powszechnie cegły są porowate; ich nasiąkliwość jest dość wysoka, a tym samym wytrzymałość na ściskanie i inne właściwości są znacznie niższe niż powinny być. Aby ocenić jakość cegieł, przeprowadzono badania porównawcze właściwości cegieł wypalanych w glinianych piecach Hoofmana oraz w Sada Bhatta (piecach obsługiwanych ręcznie). Badania przeprowadzono w celu określenia różnorodnych właściwości, takich jak absorpcja wody, wykwity, wytrzymałość na ściskanie, ciężar względny, ciężar właściwy, ciężar właściwy zwykłych cegieł i ciężarze względny wypalanej gliny. Takie badania uznano za konieczne zwłaszcza ze względu na fakt, że proces spalania nie jest jednorodny. Odbywa się on w dwóch formach, tj. przez spalanie w piecu z drewnianych bali i paliw oraz w drewnianych Sada Bhatta, gdzie paliwem są wytłoki i plewy ryżu. Zgodnie z oczekiwaniami, wytrzymałości na ściskanie cegieł wypalanych w piecach jest nieco wyższa niż tych wykonywanych w Sada Bhatta. Badania właściwości mechanicznych obejmowały wytrzymałość na ściskanie, moduł sprężystości i współczynnik Poissona jako głównych kryteriów oceny.