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2 2014

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The outcrop of the Menilite Beds in Kobielnik village - its geoeductional significance and an example of determining structural position based on clastic dykes

Barmuta M., Barmuta J., Golonka J.

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

2014

nr 1

21--24

The location and most interesting geological features of the outcrop of the Menilite Beds in Kobielnik village were described in the text. However, the main subject is the problem of determining the structural position in the absence of typical indicators of the bed 's top and bottom. The proposed solution is based on the observation of clastic dykes and their structural relationship to the surrounding layers. In addition, some sedimentary structures and natural bitumen's seepages were described.

Surface and subsurface reworking by storms on a Cambrian carbonate platform: evidence from limestone breccias and conglomerates

Chen J.

Geologos

2014

Vol. 20, No. 1

13--23

Some limestone breccias and conglomerates from the Furongian (Late Cambrian) Chaomidian Formation (Shandong Province, China) were investigated in order to understand the depositional and deformational processes induced by storms. The sediments under study occur in a hummocky cross-stratified peloidal grainstone layer. The limestone conglomerates consist of well-rounded clasts that are mostly flat-lying or imbricated, and have erosional bases. They formed by surface reworking (erosion and rip-up) of thin-bedded grainstones by storm waves and currents. The limestone breccias consist of subangular to subrounded clasts of grainstone, which are often associated with small-scale grainstone clastic dykes. The breccias and dykes resulted from subsurface soft-sediment deformation (i.e., differential liquefaction and fluidization of heterogeneously cemented carbonate grains), most likely triggered by storm-wave loading. The limestone breccias and conglomerates bear important implications for understanding the reworking mechanisms of storms on ancient carbonate platforms.