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EN
The article deals with the expediency of using multimedia technologies in the training of future specialists in environmental engineering and construction, including at the initial stage in the study of the subject "Introduction to the specialty". It is emphasized that these technologies open unprecedented prospects in solving important tasks and lead to the transition from the traditional scheme of transfer of reproductive knowledge to a new, creative form of learning. It is established that multimedia technologies in the classes of future specialists in environmental engineering and construction contribute to: the formation of professional skills through the use of Internet materials of different levels of complexity; improving listening skills with the help of authentic sound texts, film episodes; development of dialogue skills, improvement of professional correspondence skills, enrichment of professional vocabulary (both active and passive), which reflects a certain stage in the development of culture, various technical equipment, social and political structure of society; enrichment of students with cultural knowledge, including professional etiquette, features of traditions; improving knowledge through online exercises and tests. It is proved that the use of multimedia presentations in the training of future specialists in environmental engineering and construction, provides the function of transmitting information, as well as receiving feedback in the process of its perception and assimilation, as information presented in visual form is most accessible to perception. It is noted that the use of multimedia technologies in the training of future professionals contributes to the intensification and enrichment of the educational process, evokes a conscious perception of educational material, motivates and activates student learning, individualizes the process of studying specialties, diversifies classes, and promotes mental and creative skills. construction and civil security, increases interest in training and the level of professional skills.
PL
Artykuł zawiera materiał dotyczący poziomów reagowania po wystąpieniu zdarzenia niepożądanego godzącego w bezpieczeństwo podmiotu. Trzy rozdziały kolejno rozwijające temat poświęcone są czterem poziomom reagowania tj szczebla krajowego, wojewódzkiego, powiatowego oraz gminnego.
EN
The article contains material concerning the levels of response the occurrence of undesirable event that can harm the entity’s security. Three chapters that consecutively develop the subject are dedicated to four levels of response i.e. the national, provincial, county and municipal level.
3
Content available remote Obrona cywilna w Polsce i na świecie : dylematy i rozwiązania
EN
A few-year-long works on constructing a population protection system have not fulfilled our expectations. The flood in July 1997 evoked a heated discussion on the civil defence future, unfortunately without any solutions in this matter. The legal status in the Republic of Poland causes that both the humanitarian actions called „civil defence” and Civil Defence organisational structures are mainly connected with the functioning of the state in wartime. This situation provokes disputes of competencies in all spheres of the prevention actions organisation and rescue works in emergency situations of a non military character. The civil defence notion embraces not only humanitarian missions for the population, goods and environment, but also many other endeavours, of a security character, realised in a civilian sector. They also include keeping order and public safety, material and moral support for the (own and friendly) armed forces, creating and keeping state reserves, supporting the government bodies functioning and others. Averting the threat of a war break out does not mean the resignation and withdrawal from the civil defence idea. The time has come to embody this idea in peacetime, giving up the hitherto existing war favouring thinking and acting. Only such an approach will enable to take use of the whole nation’s potential to counteract non-military threats and keeping the state of readiness to fight the most tragic of threats - war.
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