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Analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation inside a room with two field sources

Stankiewicz Jacek Maciej

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2023

R. 99, nr 4

196--201

The article presents the influence of the building structure on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The model of the room was made of bricks, and included, e.g. a two-layer outer wall composed of hollow bricks and foamed polystyrene. Numerical calculations concerned checking the electric field intensity distributions at different locations of the field source. Two sources of the field, (e.g. WIFi, Bluetooth transmitters) operating at the same time, and in the same frequency range of 2.4 GHz, were also analyzed, and based on the results, the possibility of temporary signal loss was found, which the result of, among others, interference is. In order to perform the calculations, the Finite Difference Time Domain method based on Maxwell's equations was used. The analysis of the results and occurring phenomena will allow better planning of the deployment of wireless network transmitters in order to improve the quality of wireless communication.

W publikacji przedstawiono wpływ konstrukcji budowlanej na propagację fali elektromagnetycznej. Model pomieszczenia wykonany został z cegieł i uwzględniał m.in. dwuwarstwową ścianę zewnętrzną złożoną z pustaków i styropianu. Obliczenia numeryczne dotyczyły sprawdzenia rozkładów natężenia pola elektrycznego przy różnych lokalizacjach źródła pola. Analizowano także dwa źródła pola (np. nadajniki WIFi, Bluetooth) pracujące w tym samym czasie i w takim samym zakresie częstotliwości 2.4 GHz i na podstawie wyników stwierdzono możliwość występowania chwilowych zaników sygnału, które są skutkiem m.in. interferencji. W celu wykonania obliczeń zastosowano metoda różnic skończonych w dziedzinie czasu (FDTD) opartą na równinach Maxwella. Analiza wyników i występujących zjawisk pozwoli na lepsze planowanie rozmieszczania nadajników sieci bezprzewodowej w celu poprawy jakości komunikacji bezprzewodowej.

A new civil engineering material: normal temperature modified phosphogypsum embedded filler

Wang Chao-qiang, Liu Dong-sheng, Huang Qian

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2021

Vol. 21, no. 1

76--88

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product from the industry of phosphate fertilizer industry. Approximately 5 tonnes of PG are generated for per ton of phosphoric acid production. The accumulation of PG occupies huge amounts of land resources and results in serious environmental risks. In this study, a new civil engineering building material product, normal temperature-modified PG-embedded filler, was successfully prepared from original PG, supplemented by fly ash, desulfurized ash, quicklime and silica fume. The basic physical properties and microscopic hydration process of the product were systematically studied. To further ensure its environmental safety, the leaching performance of the product was also analyzed. The final research results showed that, the heavy metals in PG, such as Pb, Cd, Hg, As and Cr in PG, were undetected, and Cu, Zn, and Ni have no obvious pollution characteristics. However, the lixivium contents of P and Ba are 2372 mg/kg and 733.6 mg/kg, which can be considered as the particular pollutants. The best ratio of the embedded filler was: 65% original phosphogypsum, 20% Fly-ash, 6% desulfurized ash, 6% quicklime, 3% silica fume and right amount of water. The basic physical properties of the PG-embedded filler prepared met the Chinese technical specification: gypsum filler for cast-in-situ concrete hollow structure (JC/T 2472-2018). In addition, the test results of the leaching solution showed that all the heavy metals met the standard requirements. In a word, the performance of normal temperature-modified PG-embedded filler is satisfied and its production cost in this research is by far lesser than that of the same volume of reinforced concrete which has excellent application foreground.