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1

Wielofunkcyjne struktury jako współczesne "miasta w mieście"

Kochanowska D.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2004

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R. 101, z. 2-A

335--338

EN

Large structures built by international corporations and developers, typical for contemporary cities, often become "city in the city". They can be described as such only in a case when they are connected to the city only via the transportation system as well as when they include multi-functional program, its own public space and clear identity. As they are attractive in a number of ways, their presence can be a dangerous competition for the city center if a suitable spatial policy is not in place. In the Gdansk Agglomeration in the group of such structures one can find: Alfa - Centrum shopping gallery Shopping complex built by Hossa Development Company Witawa building in Gdynia. Alfa-Centrum shopping gallery, along with other similar developments located along the Kołobrzeska street, is a good example of the lost opportunity for development of the new, metropolitan-scale urban complex. On the contrary, the Hossa shopping gallery is well situated in the already developed urban structure of the city center, and makes it even more attractive. Retail and service space located on 4 floors including basement. Part of fourtch floor and roof is a designated 300 cars parking facility. These examples prove that the local governments limit their activities to the simplest regulations, and give up all forms of active urban policy as well as resign from creating the visions of the new structures of the urban character. Local governments should also cooperate more closely with the independent developers in order to create the new values in the city.

2

Miasto w mieście - zakres pojęcia

Buczek G., Gzell S.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2004

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R. 101, z. 2-A

305--317

EN

A paper examines the problem of scope of understanding of the name "City in a City". Starting with traditional approach as for American towns build under Urban development Act of 1970, authors are passing trough. Le Corbusier' s proposals, British urban villages, "islands on the city's sea" in Berlin, up to rather literary examples of the "city of cars" or "pedestrians", or "cyber city" living within real city. To present situation existing in Polish cities three examples of possible "City in a City" are provided: Nowe Miasto (i.e. New Town) in Krakow (under design) [pictures: no 1 - the overall aerial view from south, no 2 the aerial view of the phase one from north - west], proposed by TishmanSpeyer Properties, Arkadia - by ERE/BEG/CEFIC [picture no 3 - the overall aerial view from south - west] and Vote Tarasy (i.e. Golden Terraces) by ING Real Estate - both in Warsaw (under development) [picture no 4 - the overall aerial view of Vote Tarasy within Warsaw urban context; picture no 5 - the aerial view of Vote Tarasy from west).

3

Dlaczego śródmieścia polskich miast mogą przegrać z galeriami handlowymi?

Gałkowski M.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2004

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R. 101, z. 2-A

319--326

EN

The supermarket has appeared in Poland in '90s and it has became a symbol of social revolution fast. This article describes the reasons for the great success of huge shopping centers and threats caused by their development to the town planning. Polish people that easily accepted a life style based on consumption look for safe, friendly and attractive public spaces. The most city centers, especially that created or rebuilt after the 2nd World War, cannot offer the right conditions to develop the trade and facilities. A sudden growth of motorization and a chaos in the town planning make the situation worst. In this matter the big shopping center as an attractive, air-conditioned and protected space become a favorite place not only to shopping but also to meeting friends, to eat out or to spend the leisure time. Shopping malls gradually replace the city core. Such a phenomenon was described in USA and West Europe countries. These countries have made an effort to prevent the city centers from loosing their social importance since '70s. These works consist in enlarging pedestrian spaces and giving them an appropriate scale and ergonomics. Such an efforts are crucial to the Polish cities.

4

Centra handlowe - współczesne miasta w mieście

Racoń-Leja K.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2004

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R. 101, z. 2-A

363--372

EN

The appearance of the shopping center within the city area has generated many questions. May the shopping center become competitive to the idea of the city? Or, as the form born in the culturally alien American tradition, can it threaten the European city ideal? One of the basic threats caused by the typical shopping center is the gradual weakening of the function of existing centers and the spread of public spaces within the city. Higher potential, not without the threats, brings the shopping center inserted in the dense inner-city development. The danger of this type is its excessive introvertiveness - the center overbuilds an attractive interior, as a result surrounding streets die. The final effect depends on many factors, one of them is the level of the absorption of the new complex by the existing city tissue, the other one seems to be the efficiency in overcoming the excessive accumulation of traffic in the area. To receive the healthy public space requires in this particular case to reinforce connections with existing services, pedestrian nets and also with individual and common transportation systems. The appraisal of new shopping centers is accompanied by strong revaluations in the social zone. Distressing changes touching the social space of the city seem to have as important value as deformations in the physical space. We observe an increase of consumption models. Commercial spaces belong to contemporary non-places [Auge], architecturally valued often as junkspaces [Koolhaas]. Declines the idea of the culture connected to the time and space. All the above creates a necessity of having public spaces, which are generated from inside, at the places of their meaning and identity. The shopping center imitation of the city has become city's ironical caricature. Phenomenon of the shopping center attractiveness at the parallel separation from the city space brings the reasonable anxiety. We are presently facing the gradual change of the social models conditioned here by architectural and urban activities.

5

Autonomia dzielnicy La Defense w Paryżu : uwarunkowania kompozycyjno-przestrzenne tego miasta w mieście

Lorek A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2004

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R. 101, z. 2-A

339--352

EN

Paris La Defense quarter is a subject of many researches and analysis, as it is one of most interesting enterprises of modern European urban planning. It is a proof that it is possible to successively overcome process of „manhattanisation" of great world metropolises centres by assigning certain part of the city for realisation huge corporations' headquarters, which special measures are tall skyscrapers. La Defense Quarter localisation, situated on the great Paris urban axis, made new spatial and compositive quality in France capital city. Creators of this idea assumed that modern architecture and urban planning could both exist in any historic context. That is the reason of La Defense value - as a functionally and structrally autonomic city unit. We can indicate three phases of La Defense construction, which started about 1950s and 1960s. That is when it was tried to prevent historic architectural tissue of Paris from accidental skyscrapers' realisatons, which similarly to today's Warsow might completely destruct compositive structure of Paris.