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EN
Gas explosions are major disasters in coal mining, and they typically cause a large number of deaths, injuries and property losses. An appropriate understanding of the effects of combustible gases on the characteristics of methane explosions is essential to prevent and control methane explosions. FLACS software was used to simulate an explosion of a mixture of CH4 and combustible gases (C2H4, C2H6, H2, and CO) at various mixing concentrations and different temperatures (25, 60, 100, 140 and 180℃). After adding combustible gases to methane at a constant volume and atmospheric pressure, the adiabatic flame temperature linearly increases as the initial temperature increases. Under stoichiometric conditions (9.5% CH4-air mixture), the addition of C2H4 and C2H6 has a greater effect on the adiabatic flame temperature of methane than H2 and CO at different initial temperatures. Under the fuel-lean CH4-air mixture (7% CH4-air mixture) and fuel-rich mixture (11% CH4-air mixture), the addition of H2 and CO has a greater effect on the adiabatic flame temperature of methane. In contrast, the addition of combustible gases negatively affected the maximum explosion pressure of the CH4-air mixture, exhibiting a linearly decreasing trend with increasing initial temperature. As the volume fraction of the mixed gas increases, the adiabatic flame temperature and maximum explosion pressure of the stoichiometric conditions increase. In contrast, under the fuel-rich mixture, the combustible gas slightly lowered the adiabatic flame temperature and the maximum explosion pressure. When the initial temperature was 140℃, the fuel consumption time was approximately 8-10 ms earlier than that at the initial temperature of 25℃. When the volume fraction of the combustible gas was 2.0%, the consumption time of fuel reduced by approximately 10 ms compared with that observed when the volume fraction of flammable gas was 0.4%.
PL
Przedstawiono wpływ opóźnienia czasu aktywacji źródła zapłonu na maksymalne ciśnienie wybuchu oraz maksymalną szybkość narastania ciśnienia wybuchu wybranej mieszaniny pyłowo-powietrznej. Odniesiono się do badań z zastosowaniem kulistego zbiornika o pojemności 20 dm3.
EN
Four nicotinic acid powder dusts were tested for explosion pressure and for max. rate of explosion pressure increase in air in a 20 L vessel to det. the effect of ignition delay time on the explosion characteristics. The increase in ignition delay time (55–70 ms) resulted in small increasing the explosion pressure and increasing the substantial explosion pressure rise.
PL
Przedstawiono zależność wpływu podwyższonej temperatury (20-120°C) na wartość maksymalnego ciśnienia wybuchu par alkoholi: metylowego, etylowego i izoamylowego, stosowanych w przemyśle chemicznym. W przypadku wszystkich badanych alkoholi ciśnienie wybuchu mieszaniny pary alkoholu-powietrze maleje wraz ze zmianą krotności wartości odniesienia (stężenie stechiometryczne) oraz zwiększaniem temperatury w zbiorniku. Im stężenie substancji palnej bardziej różni się od wartości stechiometrycznej, tym niższe jest ciśnienie wybuchu niezależnie od temperatury otoczenia.
EN
The title alcs. were vaporized, mixed sep. with air in proportions 0.6-1.4 by vol. and then used for detg. the values of max. explosion pressure at temps. 20-120°C in accordance with the relevant stds. The values of the tested parameters were highest for stoichiometric amts. of substrates and decreased with increasing explosion temp.
4
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań, mających na celu porównanie przetworników ciśnienia, wykonanych w technologii piezoelektrycznej oraz cienkowarstwowej, pod kątem optymalizacji pomiarów ciśnienia wybuchu, w aspekcie zmian temperatury.
EN
The article focuses on the results of tests, aimed at comparison of pressure transducers manufactured in piezoelectric and thin film technology in order to optimise explosion pressure measurements in different temperatures.
EN
Results of investigation of hydrogen-air deflagrations phenomenon in closed vessel in various initial temperatures and volume fraction of water vapor are presented in following paper. Tests were performed in apparatus which construction complies with EN 15967 recommendations—20-litre sphere. Studied parameters were explosion pressure (Pex) and maximum explosion pressure (Pmax). Defining the influence of the initial conditions (temperature and amount of water vapor) on the maximum pressure of the hydrogen-air deflagration in a constant volume was the main aim. Initial temperatures were equal to 373K, 398K and 413K. Initial pressure was ambient (0.1 MPa). Hydrogen volume fraction differed from 15% to 80%, while humidity volume fraction from 0% to 20%. Ignition source was placed in geometrical center of testing chamber and provided energy between 10-20J from burnout of fuse wire with accordance to abovementioned standard. Common features of all experimentally obtained results were discussed. Maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) decreases with increasing the initial temperature. Furthermore, addition of the water vapor for constant initial temperature decreases value of Pmax and shifts the maximum peak to the direction of lean mixtures. Data provided in paper can be useful in assessment of explosion risk of industry installations working with hydrogen-air atmospheres with high water vapor addition.
EN
The paper aims to investigate the effect of aluminium foam filling of hemispherical steel shell on its dynamic response, accounting for the blast pressure modelling. The considered structures subjected to uniformly distributed pressure, rigidly connected with a steel plate, are considered. True material stress–strain curves for shell and foam filling are assumed in calculations. The problem is solved by FEM using ANSYS software. The time relations of strain energy and effective stresses for different simulations of blast pressure are determined and compared for steel shells and shells filled with aluminum foam.
PL
W publikacji przedstawiono opis zjawiska przenoszenia się płomienia przez szczelinę powietrzną silnika ognioszczelnego (Exd). Dokonano porównania średnic gasnących i prześwitów gaszących (parametry mieszaniny gazowej) ze szczelinami powietrznymi typowych silników ognioszczelnych. Przeprowadzono ponadto analizę turbulencji powstających w szczelinie powietrznej silnika i w jej sąsiedztwie (w obszarze czół uzwojeń)
EN
This paper presents short description of flame transmission phenomena through air gap of flameproof motor (Exd). A comparison of quenching diameters and quenching distances (gas mixture parameters) with typical flameproof motor’s air gap dimensionwas made. Moreover an turbulence analysis forming in air gap and in its nearby (in region of endshield) was made.
PL
Opisano skutki wybuchu gazu w budynku mieszkalnym. Określono intensywność wybuchu oraz kierunki fali ciśnienia. Podano sposób postępowania przy szacowaniu ciśnienia wybuchu gazu na podstawie jego skutków w odniesieniu do elementów budynku. Przedstawioną analizę zweryfikowano, wykorzystując metody komputerowe i wyrażenia empiryczne.
EN
The effects of the gas explosion in the residential building has been presented and described. The explosion intensity and the directions of the pressure wave propagation has been determined. The methodology for value estimation of the gas explosion pressure has been presented on the basis of its consequences for the building elements. These calculations has been verified, using computer methods and the empirical expressions.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań granic wybuchowości mieszaniny metanu z powietrzem w reaktorze kulistym o pojemności 22 dm2. Badano wpływ umieszczenia elektrod zapłonowych na palność mieszaniny gazowej. Rejestrowano zmianę ciśnienia w komorze podczas procesu spalania, zmianę objętości układu po spaleniu, analizowano skład produktów spalania.
EN
The results of measurements of methane-air mixture explosivity limits in a special reactor with the capacity of 22 dm2 were presented. The impact of the location of the electrodes on the gas mixture flammability was examined. The change of pressure in the chamber during the process of combustion was recorded, as well as the change of volume of the system after combustion, then composition of combustion products was analysed.
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