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Current Conservation Status of the Fungus Spongipellis spumeus in Poland Revised Based on New Data

Szczepkowski Andrzej, Kowalczuk Waldemar

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 1

1--12

EN

The polypore fungus Spongipellis spumeus is red-listed in Poland and in several other European countries. On the basis of published data and seven new locations, we have presented its distribution in Poland. In the country, S. spumeus was recorded primarily in anthropogenic habitats (tree lines along streets and roads, old orchards, parks), and rarely in forest communities. Two tree species (Acer platanoides, Populus alba) is reported here as a new host of S. spumeus in Poland. The declining acreage of alluvial forests and removal of old trees from substitute habitats (e.g. parks or avenues in cities) seem to be major threat factors for this fungus. Based on the new distribution data for S. spumeus in Poland, it should be rather classified as vulnerable (VU) according to IUCN red-listed criteria, than endangered (E) as it currently is. One beetle species i.e. Tetrotoma fungorum was found on the basidiomata of S. spumeus during the study, that may imply the role of the beetle in spreading of this fungus.

2

Biedroneczki są w kropeczki

Nawrot Radosław

Zieleń Miejska

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2019

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Nr 6

26--28

PL

W Polsce żyje ok. 80 gatunków biedronek - chrząszczy darzonych wielką sympatią. Tymczasem to jedne z najbardziej krwiożerczych drapieżników.

3

Competition and Seasonal Co-Existence of Coprophagous Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) in Differently Managed Habitat Patches of Sub-Mediterranean Grasslands in Slovenia

Jugovic Jure, Koren Toni, Koprivnikar Nataša

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 3

247--263

EN

We studied species composition and seasonal co-existence of coprophagous Scarabaeoidea from two study sites in karst meadows in sub-Mediterranean Slovenia. Each site consisted of three habitat patches with different impact of grazing (S1, the active part of the pasture; S2, the overgrown part of the pasture, mainly spiny shrubs; S3, a meadow with some overgrown patches of shrubs outside the fenced pasture). Four pitfall trapping events per month were conducted from March until November to test for temporal, spatial and habitat-related segregation of species. Primary results show a high level of temporal segregation of species within and between the guilds (Aphodiidae – dwellers, Geotrupidae – tunnelers, Scarabaeidae – tunnelers, Scarabaeidae – rollers). Temporal segregation of monthly samples was evident between Aphodiidae – dwellers (most active at the beginning and end of the season, with a month of complete inactivity during hot summer) and Scarabaeidae – tunnelers (present all the time, but with least species and specimens at the beginning and end of season). Intra-guild competition was most prominent for Aphodiidae – dwellers and Geotrupidae – tunnelers, where species show high rate of temporal avoidance to minimize interspecies competition for the same food source. Finally, geographical (site-related) and habitat-related (S1, S2, S3) differences were found in species composition, species richness and abundance, however for the latter two parameters only at habitat level (more species at S1, but higher abundances at S2 and S3). The results imply that the pronounced temporal and spatial segregation facilitate higher biodiversity in space and time, and allow more species to co-exist at the same sites over time.

4

Dobroczynne owady w zrównoważonym rozwoju. Chrząszcze i motyle w lecznictwie

Knutelski Stanisław, Kuryło Adrianna, Knutelska Emilia

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2019

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T. 23, cz. 1

25--34

PL

Owady spełniają kluczową rolę w ekosystemach. Ich zróżnicowana obecność jest ważna dla zrównoważonego rozwoju cywilizacji. Przedstawiono przykłady zastosowania chrząszczy (Coleoptera) i motyli (Lepidoptera) w lecznictwie. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono niektórym biologicznie aktywnym substancjom mającym działanie przeciwdrobnoustrojowe, przeciwgrzybiczne, przeciwwirusowe i przeciwnowotworowe.

EN

Insects play a key role in ecosystems. Their diverse presence is important for the sustainable development of civilization. Examples of the use of beetles (Coleoptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera) in treatment are presented. Particular attention has been given to certain biologically active substances that have antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer effects.

5

Chrząszcze w soli

Kłys Grzegorz, Ziarkiewicz Aleksandra, Przybyło Jerzy, Włodarczyk-Żurek Elżbieta

Przegląd Solny

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2018

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T. 14

145--147

PL

Kopalnia Soli „Wieliczka” jest obiektem sztucznie stworzonym przez człowieka, dawniej eksploatowanym, obecnie intensywnie odwiedzanym. Dzięki kopalni powstała nowa nisza ekologiczna, którą zaczęły zasiedlać troglofilne organizmy żywe. Jednymi z ciekawszych zwierząt żyjących w tej kopalni są chrząszcze Niptus hololeucus. Naturalnie występują w miejscach niezwiązanych z solnymi systemami podziemnymi, jednak zawleczone przystosowały się do troglobiontycznego trybu życia. Obecnie prowadzone badania ukierunkowane są m.in. na biologiczne i morfologiczne porównanie populacji troglofilnych z kopalni i żyjących poza nią. W tym celu przy pomocy pułapek Barbera pobierane są próby z 13 stanowisk z poziomów I-III. Wstępne wyniki pokazują znaczące zmiany liczebności chrząszczy znajdowanych w pułapkach, co może mieć związek z cyklem rozwojowym a także znaczne różnice związane z miejscem ulokowania pułapki.

EN

The „Wieliczka” Salt Mine is the place artificially created by man, formerly operated, now intensely visited. Owing to mine arise new ecological niche, which troglophiles living organisms to settled. One of the more interesting animals from this mine are the beetles Niptus hololeucus. They naturally occur in place unbound with salt underground systems but introduce adapt to troglobiontic lifestyle. The aim of current research is i.a. biological and morphological comparison troglophile and free-living populations. For this purpose, using Barber’s traps samples from 13 positions from the I-III level of the mine are collected. The preliminary results show significant changes in numbers of found beetles in traps, what may be related to the life cycle, and significant differences related to the location of the trap.

6

Effect of Different Management Practices on Ground Beetle (Coleoptera : Carabidae) Assemblages of Uphill Grasslands

Twardowski J. P., Pastuszko K., Hurej M., Gruss I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

400--409

EN

Grasslands, especially those under ecological management (i.e. mowing, and grazing without fertilizers and chemicals), have significant importance for many arthropods, including ground beetles. We studied the abundance and species diversity of Carabidae of four uphill grasslands (West Sudety Mountains, Poland) under different management intensity: cattle grazing (one or four times per year), mowing, and alternatively managed (grazing/mowing). Beetles were collected using pitfall traps during three whole grazing seasons, i.e. from April to October in 2007-2009. The most frequent species of beetles, on each of the plots, were predators Poecilus cupreus, Calathus fuscipes and Nebria brevicollis. Sixtyfour ground beetle species were found altogether. Species richness ranged from 42 to 47, with the mean number of individuals per trap day-1 from 0.006 to 0.018. In the years of the study the number of ground beetles and their species diversity were higher on meadows mown once per year and alternatively managed grasslands as compared with grazed sites. Therefore, the simplified, organic way of agricultural production with reduced mowing or moving combined with grazing can be considered as appropriate in preserving the biodiversity of the grasslands in mountainous regions.

7

Dead Wood Complexity Shapes the Pattern of the Occurrence of Threatened Saproxylic Beetle Cucujus cinnaberinus

Goczał J., Rossa R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 1

158--165

EN

Saproxylic beetles are essential for the proper functioning of forest ecosystems. However, intensive forest management has led to the disappearance of suitable microhabitats of many species associated with dead wood. Cucujus cinnaberinus is an endangered saproxylic beetle which develops under the bark of dead wood. The species usually occurs in protected areas, however, some populations inhabit long-term managed forests in Central Europe. In this study, we analyzed the effect of nine silviculture-related and decay-related factors on the C. cinnaberinus microhabitat selection in managed forests. We found that potential sun exposure, bark thickness, dead wood moisture and the hardness of dead wood have a significant effect on the C. cinnaberinus microhabitat selection. The species prefers sun-exposed dead wood with thicker bark at an intermediate stage of decay with undecomposed xylem, but avoids completely dry pieces. Furthermore, we found no confirmation of a direct connection between dead wood diameter and the occurrence of C. cinnaberinus. We stressed that logging residues or stumps are mostly unsuitable for C. cinnaberinus development.

8

Analysis of the wing mechanism movement parameters of selected beetle species (Coleoptera)

Geisler T., Topczewska S.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 20, no. 1

53--64

EN

This study presents a structural and functional analysis of the wing bending and folding mechanism of a selected beetle species. Insect motility studies, with regard to the anatomical structure, were performed. The main inner wing structures were highlighted and their mechanical properties and functions were determined. The structure parameters as mechanisms bodies that allow wings of various beetle species to bend and fold were defined.

9

Host tree preferences of hermit beetles (Osmoderma eremita Scop., Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a network of rural avenues in Poland

Oleksa A., Ulrich W., Gawroński R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 2

315-323

EN

The occurrence of Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763), an endangered species restricted to hollow trees, was studied in a network or rural avenues in northern Poland. We detected1002 trees with hollows suitable for hermit beetle development (25% of all trees). Among them, 114 (11%) were occupied by O. eremita. The distribution of O. eremita was not random with respect to tree species identity. Tilia cordata and Alnus glutinosa were preferred while Acer platanoides andCarpinus betulus were avoided. The beetle preferred trees about 450 cm in circumference at 1.3 m height with a tendency towards lower occupancies of the biggest trees having circumferences above 500 m. O. eremita did not show any significant preferences accroding to hollow entrance area, exposition and road surface type. Contrary to common belief O. eremita did not prefer oaks. Our result show that preservation schemes and choices of prime areas for conservation for heremit beetles have to included stands of trees other than oak.

10

Dispersal of harpalus rufipes (Degeer) (Carabidae) between shelterbelt and cereal field

Kujawa Krzysztof, Sobczyk Dariusz, Kajak Anna

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 2

243-252

EN

Former studies usually show a positive effect of landscape heterogeneity on different groups of animals occurring in crop fields but some controversies have been discovered. The aim of this study was to answer the question whether the introduction of mid-field tree belts can help to increase numbers of predatory carabids in crop fields. Distance and the direction of movements of individually marked carabids caught in traps in the shelterbelts and in the adjacent crop fields were measured during one week of July (in 2003 and 2004). Pitfall traps (N=360) were placed 2 meters apart in 30 parallel rows which formed a rectangle of 58 x 22 m divided into 5 strips (5 rows in each one). Strip A was located in the shelterbelt, the others (B-E) were placed in the field. Beetles (exclusively - Harpalus rufipes (Degeer, 1774) which predominated in both habitats) after being marked with fast drying paint (non-dissolving in water, not harmful, and using dot code) were released at the same spots where they were caught. Accordingly 1099 and 1683 individuals in both years were marked and the number of recaptured individuals was equal to 259 (24%) and 307 (18%). Proportion of recapture rate for individuals marked in particular strips ranged between 18 and 28%. Mobility of the beetles was similar in both years (15.9 m and 16.5 m; t = 0.59, df=579, P> 0.5). Individuals marked within the shelterbelt (strip A) were in both years caught much further away (25 and 27 m) than the individuals marked in opposite strip E, located in crop field (15 and 17.5 m). Differences between the distance covered daily by insects marked in the field and in the shelterbelt were statistically significant whereas differences between distances covered within the field by insects marked in particular strips - were not significant. Only 8-9% of insects marked in the shelterbelt (strip A) was recaptured in the same strip while recapture rate for individuals marked in other strips was higher -16 to 32%. The proportion of insects marked in the field (strip B, C, D, E) and recaptured in the shelterbelt was very low (2-11%). The comparison of recapture rates between strips A and B also shows that insects move mostly from the shelterbelt to the field. As much as 30-34% of the insects marked in the shelterbelt were caught in the bordering field. Among the insects marked in the next strip B, adjacent to the shelterbelt, only 10-11% individuals were caught in the shelter-belt. Presented results indicate that dominating direction of the dispersal in the mosaic landscape is from the shelterbelt to the field.