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1

Changes the Concentration of Selected Pahs in Urban Soils Fertilized With Municipal Sewage Sludge

Wydro U., Wołejko E., Łoboda T., Kowczyk-Sadowy M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 5

62--67

EN

The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the content of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils fertilized with municipal sewage sludge. The factors in the experiment were three lawns along the main roads in Bialystok (in Popieluszki, Hetmanska and Raginisa Strs.), doses of sewage sludge (0 – control; 75 and 150 Mg/ha) and two years of study (2011 and 2012). The studied parameters were monitored at the end of the growing season (in October 2011 and 2012) by determining fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene in soil samples. Furthermore, the dehydrogenase activity, the pH and organic carbon content of the soil were determined. Obtained content of studied PAHs in the urban soil does not exceed those contained in the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of September 9th, 2002 on soil quality standards and ground quality standards. The concentration of pyrene and chrysene differed significantly depending on the time of sampling and the localization. It has been shown that fertilization of soil sewage sludge revealed reduction of pyrene concentration in soil. Among 5 tested PAHs compounds, benzo[a]pyrene was the most dominant compound both in samples collected in 2011 and 2012 (28 and 27% respectively).

2

Development and validation of a selective method for the determination of chrysene using silver-enhanced room-temperature phosphorimetry

da Cunha A. L. M. C., Ziolli R. L., Aucelio R. Q.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2007

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Vol. 14, nr 1

125-135

EN

A factorial design was applied for the development of a solid surface room-temperature phosphorimetric method aiming the selective determination of chrysene. Data analysis was made using statistical experimental analysis (testing the significance of the factors using the analysis of variation, F-test and t-test), graphic method (Pareto´s chart) and the evaluation of the interactions among all variables. This procedure was used in order to guarantee high accuracy of results and minimization of the time spent for optimization. As the result, the experimental conditions using a selective phosphorescence inducer (silver) and a substrate surface modifier allowed the determination of chrysene in the presence of pyrene. The method allowed the detection of effective masses of chrysene in the ng range. Method validation is presented including a recovery and "t" tests using a Standard Reference Material.

3

The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge amended soil

Stępień W., Szulc W., Rutkowska B.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2004

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Vol. 11, nr 8

795--801

EN

Municipal sewage sludge fertilization influence on soil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content in it have been estimated. The researches were conducted in pot experiment established for en acid soil (pH 4.5) collected from long - term fertilization experiment The contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil were determined in Environmental Protection Laboratory of Institute of Environmental Protection in Warsaw in accordance with PN-ISO 13877. The increase of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in soil was observed in condition of all organic fertilizers application. The biggest increase of P AHs was observed in condition of 80 Mg · ha-1 farmyard manure application. The sewage sludge application to the highest degree increased the content of fluoranthene in soil. The farmyard manure significantly increased pyrene content in soil. The addition of brown coal to sewage sludge does not influence on the content of fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]antanthrene and chrysene in soil. The content of benzo[a]pyrene in soil increased in condition of sewage sludge with brown coal application. The content of fluoranthene in soil decreased in condition of sewage sludge with CaO application.

PL

Oznaczono zawartości wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA) w glebie po zastosowaniu osadu ściekowego z miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków. Badania prowadzono, korzystając z wyników doświadczeń wazonowych założonych w hali wegetacyjnej Pola Doświadczalnego SGGW w Skierniewicach. Glebę do doświadczeń pobrano z trwałych doświadczeń nawozowych, w których nie stosowano obornika od 70 lat, z kombinacji NPK o pH = 4,5. W doświadczeniu stosowano sam osad ściekowy w dawkach 155 g i 310 g na wazon (60 i 120 Mg osadu · ha-1), osad ściekowy z dodatkiem węgla brunatnego, osad ściekowy z dodatkiem CaO oraz osad ściekowy z dodatkiem węgla brunatnego i CaO. Jako nawóz porównawczy zastosowano dwie dawki obornika odpowiadające 40 i 80 Mg · ha-1. Zawartość WWA w glebie oznaczono w Laboratorium Monitoringu Środowiska Instytutu Ochrony Środowiska w Warszawie zgodnie z normą PN-ISO 13877. Wszystkie formy zastosowanych nawozów organicznych zwiększały zawartość WWA w glebie, jednak największy przyrost zawartości wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (fluoranten, piren, benzo[a]antracen, chryzen, benzo[a]piren) w glebie stwierdzono w warunkach stosowania obornika w dawce odpowiadającej 80 Mg · ha-1. Stosowanie osadu ściekowego w największym stopniu zwiększało zawartość w glebie fluoroantenu, a obornika pirenu. Uzdatnianie osadu ściekowego węglem brunatnym nie wpływało na zawartość fluorantenu, pirenu, benzo[a]antracenu i chryzenu w glebie, powodowało natomiast wzrost zawartości benzo[a]pirenu w stosunku do kombinacji kontrolnej. Dodatek tlenku wapnia do osadu ściekowego zmniejszał zawartość fluorantenu w glebie.

4

Identification of the kinetics of PAHs ozonation

Miller J. S., Chacuk A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2003

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Vol. 5, nr 4

90-92

EN

The degradation of three selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), chrysene (CHR) and fluorene (FLU) in aqueous solution using ozone was investigated in the pH range 2-9. Mathematical and kinetic models of this heterogeneous process was established and it was used for identification of kinetic parameters of the reactions. The rate constants of direct reaction of hydrocarbons with ozone were estimated and they were equal to: (6.16š0.14)-104; (6.97š0.21)-103 and 62.7š0.8 m'kmol's1 for BAP, CHR and FLU, respectively. The rate constants of the hydroxyl radicals and PAHs reaction were found to be (1.54š0.06)10'°; (1.26š0.10)-1010 and (1.57š0.04)-108 m'kmol's' for BAP, CHR and FLU, respectively.