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Chromo-stereoscopy as a tool in micropalaeontological investigations : echinoderms as a case study

Boczarowski A.

Studia Geologica Polonica

2005

Vol. 124

21-35

An anaglyph technique, as a variety of chromo-stereoscopy, is presented and adapted for the investigation purpose. This method allows perfect documentation of 3-dimensional objects, including all types of 3D micro/fossils. Anaglyphs are especially recommended for describing type collections and make them available worldwide. The methods of stereogram preparation by means of a scanning electron microscope and adaptation of the technique to micropalaeontology are described. This useful technique is tested on SEM images of complex echinoid structures (organs) called pedicellariae. The obtained stereograms document their anatomy and help identification of the fossil material as well as their comparison to Recent specimens. Numerous echinoid pedicellariae from Bajocian and Bathonian deposits of the ore-bearing clays of the Częstochowa formation have been analysed. Two separate methods of anaglyph image preparation are described (for RGB and grayscale image mode). The samples come from several brickyards located in the area of the Kraków-Często- chowa Upland, Central Poland. Pedicellariae are represented by globiferous and ophicephalous types. It has been proved that Jurassic echinoids already had very well developed defence strategies, which applied pedicellariae, quite often equipped with a venom-bearing system similar to the one in Recent specimens. Large morphological similarity of the investigated Jurassic specimens to the Recent representatives of the Parechinidae family, especially to the genus Paracentrotus Mortensen has been proved. However, no representatives of this type of echinoid have been found in Jurassic sediments so far.