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EN
The article presents the results of the study of the significance of influence of positioning deposited beads towards direction of abrasive movement, to resistance on grind wear plates HARDPLATE 100S’ abrasive wear. The study on relevance of influence was conducted by using completely randomized design. The range of study has covered testing the metal-material abrasive wear resistance, macroscopic and microscopic metallographic examination and hardness tests.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania istotności wpływu kierunku ułożenia ściegów względem kierunku ruchu ścierniwa na odporność na zużywanie ścierne szlifowanych płyt trudnościeralnych HARDPLATE 100S. Badanie istotności wpływu prowadzono stosując program statyczny randomizowany kompletny. Zakres badań obejmował badanie odporności na zużywanie ścierne typu metal-minerał, badania metalograficzne makro- i mikroskopowe oraz pomiar twardości warstwy napawanej.
EN
The purpose of the work was to determine the possibility of the regenerative surfacing of the upper surface of screw conveyor coils. The screw conveyor, used for the transport of bulk materials in a corrosive environment, was originally surfaced with chromium cast iron. The research work discussed in the article resulted in the development of a MAG method-based technology enabling the repair surfacing of screw conveyor coils. The technology involved the use of an EnDOtec DO*11 flux-cored wire and required the previous removal of the hardened upper layer.
PL
Celem pracy było określenie możliwości napawania regeneracyjnego górnej powierzchni zwojów ślimaka przenośnika śrubowego napawanego produkcyjnie żeliwem chromowym, transportującego materiały sypkie w środowisku korozyjnym. Opracowano technologię napawania naprawczego zwojów metodą MAG przy użyciu drutu proszkowego EnDOtec DO*11, po usunięciu utwardzającej warstwy górnej.
EN
In the paper, there were shown the results of research on the properties of overlay welds consisted of one and three layers deposited by three types of tubular electrodes of the Fe-Cr-C alloy, Fe-Cr-C-Nb-Mo-W-V alloy and composite consist of tungsten carbide particles in the Fe-Cr-C alloy matrix. The study of hardfacing deposits included: test of metal-mineral abrasion resistance, metallographic examinations, analysis of chemical composition, and hardness tests. The test of abrasive usage in metal-mineral friction was made according to the procedure A of the ASTM G 65 standard.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania własności napoin jedno- i trójwarstwowych wykonanych trzema rodzajami elektrod rurkowych ze stopów Fe-Cr-C, Fe-Cr-C-Nb-Mo-W-V oraz kompozytu składającego się z cząstek węglika wolframu w osnowie ze stopu Fe-Cr-C. Badania napoin obejmowały: badania odporności na zużycie ścierne typu metal-minerał, badania metalograficzne, analizę składu chemicznego oraz pomiar twardości. Badanie odporności na zużycie ścierne typu metal-minerał przeprowadzono zgodnie z normą ASTM G 65, procedura A.
PL
Celem pracy było określenie możliwości napawania regeneracyjnego górnej powierzchni zwojów ślimaka przenośników śrubowych napawanych produkcyjnie żeliwem chromowym. Rozpatrzono wariant napawania bezpośrednio na pozostałości warstwy utwardzającej oraz z warstwą buforową. Opracowano technologię napawania naprawczego zwojów po usunięciu utwardzającej warstwy górnej oraz technologię napawania elementów nowych przy użyciu drutu proszkowego EnDOtec DO*390 zapewniającego strukturę typu NanoAlloy z nanowęglikami boru w osnowie żelaza.
EN
The purpose of the work was to determine the possibility of rebuilding of the screw coils upper surface of a screw conveyors welded previously with chromium cast iron. The variant of surfacing directly on the residues of the hard layer and with the buffer layer was considered. The technology of hardfacing the coils after removal of the hardening upper layer and the technology of welding of new elements with the use of EnDOtec DO*390 flux cored wire has been developed to provide a NanoAlloy structure with boron nanocarbons in the iron matrix.
EN
The paper concerns the processes connected with the formation of chromium white cast iron microstructure. The influence of titanium and strontium on the alloy crystallization has been described using TDA method and EDS analysis. Conducted experiments allowed the determination of the selected additions influence on the microstructure of examined alloys. TDA analysis enabled indication of the characteristic temperatures of thermal effects for samples with strontium and titanium and the comparison of results for the reference sample without additions. The results of TDA test also included the analysis of the temperature first derivative values, which presented interesting differences as well. The scanning microscopy observation clearly indicated the difference between the effect of strontium and titanium on the alloy microstructure. The EDS analysis helped to identify the chemical composition of the evolving phases and confirmed the strontium presence in the eutectic. Experimental results allowed to draw reliable conclusions about the effect of applied additions on the crystallization and microstructure of chromium cast iron.
EN
Paper presents the results of studies on primary crystallization and wear resistance of high chromium cast iron inoculated with ferrotitanium intended for work in abrasive conditions. Primary crystallization was examined with use of TDA method, wear tests of the samples were conducted using the modified pin-on-disk method.
EN
In the paper analysis of temperature gradient and parameters of structure on casting cross-section of abrasive wear resistant chromium cast iron at carbon content of 2,5%wt. and chromium 17%wt. with nickel and molybdenum additives are presented. The castings were made with use of special tester ϕ100mm (method of temperature gradient and derivative analysis) with temperature recording in many points from thermal centre to surface (to mould) of casting. Registered cooling curves were used to describe the temperature gradient on cross-section of analyzed casting. On the basis of determined curves of temperature gradient measurement fields were selected to make the quantitative studies of structure. The results of studies show significant influence of temperature gradient on quantitative parameters of chromium cast iron structure. Moreover was affirmed that exists a critical temperature gradient for which is present rapid change of quantitative parameters of chromium cast iron structure.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę gradientu temperatury i parametrów struktury lanej na przekroju odlewu wykonanego z żeliwa chromowego odpornego na zużycie ścierne o zawartości węgla ok. 2.5% i chromu ok. 17% z dodatkami niklu i molibdenu. Odlew wykonano w specjalnym próbniku ϕ100mm (metoda analizy gradientu temperatury i derywacyjna) z pomiarem temperatury w wielu punktach odlewu od jego centrum cieplnego do powierzchni (do formy odlewniczej). Zarejestrowane krzywe stygnięcia wykorzystano do opisu gradientu temperatury na przekroju analizowanego odlewu. Badania ilościowe struktury wykonano na wybranych przekrojach odlewu. Analizowane przekroje wybrano na podstawie wyznaczonych krzywych gradientu temperatury. Badania wykazały istotny wpływ gradientu temperatury na parametry ilościowe struktury żeliwa chromowego. Stwierdzono występowanie krytycznego gradientu temperatury, dla którego następuje skokowa zmiana parametrów ilościowych struktury badanego żeliwa chromowego.
EN
The results of research on stereological parameters of carbides in modified hypoeutectic chromium cast iron were shown in the paper. The effect of distance the casting heat centre of casting to the carbide phase morphology was examined. The samples for metallographic examination were taken from various locations of the model casting prepared in a special tester. This model casting was designed to simulate the solidification of heavy castings. Using the proposed methodology the relation of the distance from the model mould and the size, perimeter, length, width and the shape factor of carbides was examined. During the analysis, the values of stereological parameters of carbides changed on various sections of the model casting.
EN
The paper analyses the as-cast state structure of chromium cast iron designed for operation under harsh impact-abrasive conditions. In the process of chromium iron castings manufacture, very strong influence on the structure of this material have the parameters of the technological process. Among others, adding to the Fe-Cr-C alloy the alloying elements like tungsten and titanium leads to the formation of additional carbides in the structure of this cast iron, which may favourably affect the casting properties, including the resistance to abrasive wear.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań stereologii węglików w modyfikowanym żeliwie chromowym odpornym na zużycie ścierne. W składzie modyfikatorów były następujące pierwiastki: bor, niob, wanad, cer i lantan (MZR), azot. W tabelach i na wykresach pokazano wpływ użytych modyfikatorów na takie parametry stereologiczne węglików jak: wielkość, obwód, współczynnik kształtu i udział objętościowy.
EN
The results of investigations of stereological carbides in the modified wear resistance chromium cast iron resistant were introduced in the article. There were following elements: boron, niobium, vanadium, cerium and lanthanum (RE), nitrogen in the composition of modifiers. The influence of used modifiers on such stereological parameters of carbides as: size, perimeter, shape coefficient and volume fraction was showed in tables and on diagrams.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę parametrów stereologicznych węglików na przekroju odlewu modelowego wykonanego z modyfikowanego (mieszanina FeNb+FeV+MZR) żeliwa chromowego odpornego na zużycie ścierne . Zaobserwowano skokową zmianę niektórych parametrów stereologicznych węglików w pewnej odległości od powierzchni odlewu.
EN
The analysis of stereological parameters of carbides on the section of the model casting made from modified (the mixture FeNb+FeV+RE) wear resistance chromium cast iron was introduced in the article. The jump change of some stereological parameters of carbides in certain distance from the surface of the casting was observed.
EN
Results of studies of the high alloy chromium cast iron with boron addition in form of the B4C phase powder are presented in this paper. The main field of interest is the identification of phases based on the transmission electron microscope study, occurred in this alloy after solidification process. The structure mainly consists of the austenite matrix and M7C3 carbide identified as the Cr7C3 phase.
EN
In article the analysis of temperature gradient of solidification in section of hypereutectic chromium cast iron model casting was introduced. On this example was presented the method (DTGA - derivative and thermal gradient analysis), which was worked out in Department of Foundry Silesian University of Technology enabling the record of indispensable data to execution of analysis the temperature gradient and its derivative after time on section of model casting. It multichanneled apparatus to registration of data was used Crystaldigraph - PC.
14
Content available remote Stereology of carbide phase in modified hypereutectic chromium cast iron
EN
In paper are presented results of studies of carbide phase stereology modified hypereutectic wear resistance chromium cast iron which contains carbon about 3,5% and chromium about 25%. Three substances were applied to the modification: boron carbide (B4C), ferroniobium (FeNb) and mixture of ferroniobium and rare-earth (RE). The measurements of geometrical features of carbides were conducted on microsection taken from castings which were cooled with various velocities.
15
Content available remote Primary and secondary crystallization of modified hypoeutectic chromium cast iron
EN
The paper presents investigations of crystallization of modified hypoeutectic wear resistant chromium cast iron which contains carbon about 2% and chromium on three levels (12%, 18% and 25%). Three substances were applied to the modification (boron carbide (B4C), ferroniobium (FeNb) and mixture of ferroniobium and mischmetal (RE)). The investigations of crystallization were conducted the DTA method in DTA-C and DTA-Is testers. The influence on the course of the process of primary and secondary crystallization was observed.
16
Content available remote Inoculation of chromium white cast iron
EN
It has been proved that an addition of boron carbide introduced as an inoculant to the chromium white cast iron changes the structure of castings. Castings after inoculation revealed a different structure with numerous grains. Primary precipitates of chromium carbide also appeared, reducing the mechanical properties of as-cast parts. Properly established heat treatment regime makes chromium iron castings regain their, originally high, mechanical properties.
17
Content available remote Influence of selected modifiers on crystallization curve of chromium cast iron
EN
In article was introduced the results of investigations of modified chromium cast iron crystallization process. It the cast iron about composition of basic elements C = 2,8 % and Cr = 18% was modified with five substances (boron carbide, ferrosilicon, ferrocalciumsilicon, ferroniobium and ferroniobium with ferrovanadium). Influence on course of primary and secondary crystallization process was observed. The investigations of crystallization was conducted DTA method in tester DTA - C.
EN
It has been proved that an addition of boron carbide and disintegrated steel scrap introduced as an inoculant to the chromium white cast iron changes the structure of castings. The said operation increases the number of crystallization nuclei for dendrites of the primary austenite. In this case, the iron particles act as substrates for the nucleation of primary austenite due to a similar crystallographic lattice. The more numerous are the dendrites of primary austenite and the structure more refined and the mechanical properties higher. Castings after B4C inoculation revealed a different structure of fine grained fracture. Primary precipitates of chromium carbide also appeared, reducing the mechanical properties of as-cast parts. Properly established heat treatment regime makes chromium iron castings regain their, originally high, mechanical properties.
EN
The methodology of defining in article was introduced the temperature gradient in process of primary crystallization during cooling the casting from chromium cast iron on basis of measurements of thermal field in test DTA-K3. Insert also the preliminary results of investigations of influence temperature gradient on structure of studied wear resistance chromium cast iron.
EN
The unique stand to founding dilatometric samples ("on ready”) which solidify with different cooling speeds was presented. The dilatometric investigations, X-ray, metallographic they disclosed the occurrence in matrix of chromium cast iron of considerable quantity of austenite in dependence from concentration of chromium (18% and 23%) and the speed of solidification. Castings these despite large part of austenite mark with high hardness in raw state.
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