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2 Oceanologia

2 2000

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Model of the in vivo spectral absorption of algal pigments. Part 1. Mathematical apparatus

Woźniak B., Dera J., Ficek D., Majchrowski R., Kaczmarek S., Ostrowska M., Koblentz-Mishke O. I.

Oceanologia

2000

No. 42 (2)

177-190

Existing statistical models of in vivo light absorption by phytoplankton (Wozniak & Ostrowska 1990, Bricaud et al. 1995, 1998) describe the dependence of the phytoplankton specific spectral absorption coefficient a*pl() on the chlorophyll a concentration Ca in seawater. However, the models do not take into account the variability in this relationship due to phytoplankton acclimation. The observed variability in the light absorption coefficient and its components due to various pigments with depth and geographical position at sea, requires further accurate modelling in order to improve satellite remote sensing algorithms and interpretation of ocean colour maps. The aim of this paper is to formulate an improved model of the phytoplankton spectral absorption capacity which takes account of the pigment composition and absorption changes resulting from photo- and chromatic acclimation processes, and the pigment package effect. It is a synthesis of earlier models and the following statistical generalisations: (1) statistical relationships between various pigment group concentrations and light field properties in the sea (described by Majchrowski & Ostrowska 2000, this volume); (2) a model of light absorption by phytoplankton capable of determining the mathematical relationships between the spectral absorption coefficients of the various photosynthetic and photoprotecting pigment groups, and their concentrations in seawater (Wozniak et al. 1999); (3) bio-optical models of light propagation in oceanic Case 1 Waters and Baltic Case 2 Waters (Wozniak et al. 1992a,b, 1995a,b). The generalised model described in this paper permits the total phytoplankton light absorption coefficient in vivo as well as its components related to the various photosynthetic and photoprotecting pigments to be determined using only the surface irradiance PAR(0+) surface chlorophyll concentration Ca(0) and depth z in the sea as input data.

Influence of photo- and chromatic acclimation on pigment composition in the sea

Majchrowski R., Ostrowska M.

Oceanologia

2000

No. 42 (2)

157-175

The aim of this work was to find statistical relationships between the concentrations of accessory pigments in natural populations of marine phytoplankton and the absolute levels and spectral distributions of underwater irradiance. To this end, empirical data sets from some 600 stations in different parts of the seas and oceans were analysed. These data were obtained from the authors' own research and from the Internet's bio-optical data base. They included the vertical distributions of the concentrations of various pigments (identified chromatographically) and the vertical and spectral distributions of the underwater irradiance measured in situ or determined indirectly from bio-optical models. The analysis covered a total of some 4000 points illustrating the dependence of pigment concentration on underwater irradiance characteristics, corresponding to different depths in the sea. The analysis showed that the factor governing the occurrence of photoprotecting carotenoids (PPC) is short-wave radiation λ< 480 nm. A mathematical relationship was established between the relative PPC concentration (relative with respect to the chlorophyll a concentration) and the magnitude of the absorbed radiative energy per unit mass of chlorophyll a from the spectral interval λ< 480 nm, averaged in the water layers c z = 60 m (or less near the surface) to account for vertical mixing. This absorbed short-wave radiation ( λ< 480 nm) was given the name of Potentially Destructive Radiation (PDR*(z)). Analysis of the relationships between the concentrations of particular photosynthetic pigments (PSP), i.e. chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c, photosynthetic carotenoids (PSC), and the underwater irradiance characteristics indicated that these concentrations were only slightly dependent on the absolute level of irradiance E0(λ), but that they depended strongly on the relative spectral distribution of this irradiance f(λ)= E0(λ)/PAR0. The relevant approximate statistical relationships between the relative concentrations of particular PSP and the function of spectral fitting Fj, averaged in the layer Δz, were derived. Certain statistical relationships between the pigment composition of the phytoplankton and the irradiance field characteristics are due to the photo- and chromatic acclimation of natural populations of marine phytoplankton. These relationships can be applied in models of the coefficients of light absorption by phytoplankton.