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Modele przestrzenne choremes - ewolucja metody i możliwości jej wykorzystania

Grzegorczyk A.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2010

T. 42, nr 1

17-29

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie metody modeli przestrzennych choremes, jej ewolucji i możliwości wykorzystania w badaniach organizacji przestrzeni, prowadzonych w skali globalnej, krajowej i lokalnej. Wykorzystanie tej metody omówiono na przykładach z literatury i własnych opracowań. Odnoszą się one do różnej tematyki: geopolityki, organizacji przestrzeni kraju i regionu, struktury miast oraz procesu globalizacji, rozwoju turystyki, specyfiki obszarów nadgranicznych, miast portowych.

The aim of the article is to present choremes spatial organisation models method, its evolution and usage possibilities. The term un choreme, a French neologism, was used by a French geographer Roger Brunet for the first time in 1980. The method enables phenomena and processes presentation using simple geometrie figures. Ali the symbols create a matrix of 28 geometrie symbols, which according to R. Brunet are supposed to analyse and present every area (fig. 1). The model analysis consists of spatial structure and dynamies presentation. Both of them are the spatial logie elements. The models can be used in investigations carried out at different scales: global, country, regional and local. They can cover differentiated themes, too. They are used in physical geography research as well as in socio-economic geography and spatial economy. In the article there are given examples taken from the literature and author's research examples. Choremes model analysis for global issues is presented on the Greater Middle East region examination. The country scale research is undertaken on the instances of Burkina Faso and Kyrgyzstan, the countries of different socio-economic development level. The regional scale example examines development tendencies in Central Region in France. Hanoi development analysis shows spatial organisation models use at local scale. There are also given examples of differentiated themes being tested by chorśmes analysis. Besides geopolities, country and region spatial organisation and city structure, also globalisation process, tour-ism development and analyses of frontier areas, port cities and islands are mentioned as the model usage examples. The last part of the article discuss advantages and disadvantages of the method. The choremes analysis enables investigation of the complex problem, influ-enced by multiple conditionings. On the base of the analysis conclusions, the assumptions of future spatial organisation development can be madę. The models can be also used as regional policy judgment means. They are especially useful in case study analysis and due to their easy perception, they may be implemented as didactic method. The choremes are compared to J. Lacan's mathemes and C. Levis-Strauss' mythemes, the methods used in psychoanalysis and ethnology, respectively. Schematism, generalisation and lack of precise location are the main method disadvantages being raised. Another criticism states the area cannot be reduced to simple geometrie figures and there are no laws shaping it. The last disadvantage mentioned in the article reveals the necessity of avallability of diverse sources of information in order to select the most important conditionings.