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1

Does fish stocking rate affect the photosynthesis of Lactuca sativa grown in an aquaponic system?

Jaszczuk Zuzanna Malwina, Brysiewicz Adam, Kozioł Agnieszka, Auriga Alicja, Brestic Marian, Kalaji Hazem M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

|

no. 58

243--252

EN

The depletion of natural resources such as freshwater and cropland makes it necessary to find a new solution for sustainable food production. Aquaponic systems seem to be a great alternative to traditional agriculture, however, there are still many unknowns that need to be explored. It is already known how fish stocking affects water quality in aquaponic systems, but not how it affects the plants’ growth, and especially on chlorophyll fluorescence. In this study, we examined how the density of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 stocking fish in five aquaria affects lettuce growth. The first tank was only a hydroponic system with plants but without fish (control). In the remaining four aquaria - 2, 4, 8 and 12 specimens of common carp fry with an average weight of 20 grams (average 8.5-33.2 g) were placed in the aquaponic growing system. Physicochemical analysis of water was conducted to determine the levels of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), N-NO3, N-NO2, N-NH4, P-PO4, O2 and physiological parameters of plants (nitrogen balance index - NBI, chlorophyll content index - CCI, quantum yield - QY, flavonoid content - Flv) were analysed. The results showed that fish stocking density has different effects on plant physiological parameters, but in most cases, was insignificant. It seems that the greater number of fishes and higher density indirectly causes growth inhibition (lower photosynthetic efficiency) due to the increase of N-NO3 and a decrease of O2 in the water.

2

The Study of Drought Stress in Sugar Beet and the Ways of its Minimization

Prysiazhniuk Oleh, Kononiuk Nadiia, Zatserkovna Natalia, Chynchyk Oleksandr, Hryhoriev Vasyl, Zhemoyda Vitalii, Ovcharuk Oleh, Zinchenko Olesia, Morhun Olesia, Svystunova Iryna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 1

256--263

EN

The article presents peculiarities of drought stress identification in sugar beet and the alternatives for the use of additional components of cultivation technology aimed at increasing tolerance to water deficiency at the early stages of growth and development, namely: (i) soil amendment with moisture-retaining polymers; (ii) seed treatment with a growth regulator contributing to a better formation of the root system; and (iii) foliar application of micro fertilizers. The study of the state of the plant photosynthetic apparatus was carried out with the use of the devices for measuring chlorophyll fluorescence FLORATEST, developed at the Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The measurements were performed according to the guidelines on Determination of the Fluorescence Induction of plant Chlorophyll: Theoretical and Practical Bases of the Method. For better representativeness of the sampling, the measurements were performed at the same time of day and with the same intensity of illumination of the plants. As a result of the studies, the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of the plant photosystem obtained with the use of a portable fluorometer was found to be the most effective method of rapid diagnostics of drought stress in plants. A high level of correlation was found between the concentration of free proline and the Fv/Fm ratio, with the correlation coefficient for sugar beet r = -0.96, which corresponds to a very strong relationship.

3

Early detection of phosphorus deficiency stress in cucumber at the cellular level using chlorophyll fluorescence signals

Sieczko Leszek, Dąbrowski Piotr, Kowalczyk Katarzyna, Gajc-Wolska Janina, Borucki Wojciech, Janaszek-Mańkowska Monika, Kowalczyk Waldemar, Farci Domenica, Kalaji Hazem M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2022

|

Special Issue

176--186

EN

Abiotic stressors contribute to growth restriction and developmental disorders in plants. Early detection of the first signs of changes in plant functioning is very important. The objective of this study was to identify chlorophyll fluorescence parameters that change under phosphorus deficiency stress in cucumber. In this work, a trail to study the early changes caused by phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants by analysing their photosynthetic performance is presented. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence (ChF) parameters were measured every 7 days for a period of 28 days. Measurements were made separately on young and old leaves and on cucumber fruit. Parameters that decreased during the stress were: p2G, PIabs, PItotal, REo/CSo, and TRo/CSo. P deficiency decreased total electron carriers per RC (ECo/RC), yields (TRo/ABS (Fv/Fm), ETo/TRo, REo/ETo, ETo/ABS and REo/ABS), fluxes (REo/RC and REo/CSo) and fractional reduction of PSI end electron acceptors, and damaged all photochemical and non-photochemical redox reactions. Principal component analysis revealed a group of ChF parameters that may indicate early phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Our results are used in the discovery of sensitive bioindicators of phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Most JIP test parameters are linked to mathematical equations, so we recommend using of advanced statistical tools, such as principal component analysis, which should be considered very useful for stress identification. It has also been shown to be more effective in multivariate methods compared to univariate statistical methods was demonstrated.

4

Impact of a Longwave UV-B Radiation on Soybean Plants Grown at Increased Nickel Concentration in Soil

Skórska Elżbieta, Matuszak-Slamani Renata, Romanowski Hubert, Szwarc Wiktor

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 5

135--141

EN

Plants of soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Augusta grew in the soil with addition of Ni in the concentration of 80 (C-80) or 120 mg∙kg-1 dry mass (C-120) or without Ni (C-0), and they were subjected to UV-B (300 nm – 315 nm) dose of 1.8 kJ m-2 d-1 for 28 days. The addition of nickel into soil in the concentration of 120 mg kg-1 (C-120) caused a decrease of the plant height by 35% compared to the control (C-0), and in the presence of UV-B (U-120) – by 43%. The shoot fresh and dry mass in the C-80 and C-120 plants were lower by 33% and 52% than in the C-0. In the presence of Ni, the intensity of net photosynthesis decreased by 55%. UV-B caused an increase of flavonoid content by 25% compared to the control (C-0), and Ni induced a reduction in the content of these compounds from 20% to 40%.

5

Chlorophyll fluorescence as a quality indicator of root parsley (Petroselinum crispum var. Lenka) seeds

Rochalska M., Orzeszko-Rywka A., Stypińska M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 63, nr 3

78--81

EN

Requirements concerning seed quality are growing constantly. Parsley is a plant species producing seeds with low genetic seed vigour. Parsley seeds are usually germinating slowly and this process is extended in time. Lack of uniformity in field emergence results in a lower root yield and quality. Plants emerging on different days produce roots of different size and weight. Improvement of parsley seed quality is an important issue. A selection of seeds according to their quality can be one of the methods. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement is a quick, non-destructive method and its results are negatively correlated to the germination ability and field emergence.

PL

Wymagania dotyczące jakości materiału siewnego stale rosną. Pietruszka zwyczajna należy do gatunków tworzących nasiona o niskim wigorze genetycznym. Nasiona pietruszki zazwyczaj kiełkują powoli, a proces kiełkowania jest rozciągnięty w czasie. Nierównomierne wschody polowe w konsekwencji powodują obniżenie plonu i jakości korzeni. Rośliny, które wzeszły w innym czasie wytwarzają korzenie zróżnicowane pod względem wielkości i masy. Poprawa jakości nasion pietruszki jest więc istotnym zagadnieniem. Jedną ze stosowanych metod może być selekcja nasion o najwyższej jakości. Pomiar fluorescencji chlorofilu jest metodą szybką i niedestrukcyjną, a poziom fluorescencji jest ujemnie skorelowany ze zdolnością kiełkowania i wschodami polowymi.

6

Fluorescencja chlorofilu jako narzędzie do oceny stopnia eutrofizacji ekosystemów wodnych na przykładzie stawów na obszarze gminy Raszyn

Szymański N., Burzyńska I., Kalaji H. M., Mastalerczuk G.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 2

73--80

PL

Obecnie dostępne metody oceny stopnia eutrofizacji są kosztowne, czasochłonne i wymagają posiadania zaawansowanej aparatury laboratoryjnej oraz wiedzy. Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie prostej i uzasadnionej ekonomicznie metody monitorowania skutków eutrofizacji wody na obszarze rolniczym oraz powiązanie wyników monitorowania parametrów fizykochemicznych wody z fluorescencją chlorofilu jako potencjalnego zagrożenia dla zdrowia na podstawie ustalonych poziomów alarmowych. Badania prowadzono w zbiornikach wodnych zlokalizowanych na obszarze wiejskim, różniących się intensywnością eksploatowania terenów przyległych: znajdujących się w otoczeniu obszarów intensywnie uprawianych rolniczo oraz w obszarze chronionym rezerwatu przyrody. W pracy określono wydajność aparatu fotosyntetycznego glonów oraz właściwości fizykochemiczne wody. Badania wykazały, że wzrost intensywności fluorescencji chlorofilu związany jest ze zwiększonym ładunkiem substancji biogennych oraz ze wzmożonym wzrostem mikroogranizmow zawierających chlorofil. Wyniki wskazują, na możliwość zastosowana pomiarów fluorescencji chlorofilu do oceny stopnia eutrofizacji wód. Zaprezentowana metoda ma szanse na nieinwazyjną, szybką i precyzyjną ocenę stanu fizjologicznego ekosystemów wodnych na obszarach wiejskich, szczególnie narażonych na procesy eutrofizacji.

EN

The currently available methods for the assessment of the eutrophication degree are expensive, time-consuming and require advanced laboratory equipment and knowledge. The aim of this work was to determine a simple and economically justified method of monitoring the effects of eutrophication of water in the agricultural area and linking the results of monitoring physicochemical parameters of water with chlorophyll fluorescence as a potential health risk on the basis of established alarm levels. The research was conducted in water reservoirs located in the rural area, differing in the intensity of exploitation of adjacent areas: located in the vicinity of intensively cultivated areas and in the protected area of the nature reserve. The work determined the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of algae and physicochemical properties of water. The studies have shown that the increase in the chlorophyll fluorescence intensity is associated with an raised biogenic load and an increased occurrence of chlorophyll-containing micro-fractions. The results indicate the possibility of using chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to assess the degree of water eutrophication. The presented method can be used for a non-invasive, quick and precise assessment of the physiological status of water ecosystems in rural areas, particularly vulnerable to the eutrophication processes.

7

Photosynthetic apparatus efficiency of Sida hermaphrodita cultivated on heavy metals contaminated arable land under various fertilization regimes

Rusinowski S., Krzyżak J., Pogrzeba M.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

|

2018

|

Vol. 28, no. 1

130--145

EN

Contaminated and marginal lands are favourable place for biomass feedstock establishment, especially due to European Union directive 2009/28/EC. This strategy not only cover local demand for energy and heat but also can be valuable in those land phytomanagment. The second-generation perennial energy crop species are the most feasible for such purpose. We studied the impact of two different fertilizer treatments on plant physiological parameters associated with photosynthesis, heavy metals (HMs) and primary macronutrients accumulation in Sida hermaphrodita cultivated on HMs contaminated soil under field conditions. NPK fertilized plants showed the highest values of photosynthetic parameters at the beginning of growing season when compared to control and microbial inoculated plants. However, at the end of the growing season inoculated and control plants showed better photosynthetic performance than NPK treated. NPK fertilizer caused higher Cd and Zn shoot concentrations while microbial inoculation caused higher K and the lowest N and P concentrations in shoot. Due to Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in plants which should not result in alleviation of photosynthetic apparatus efficiency and biomass production it could be summarize that Sida hermaphrodita is a suitable plant for cultivation on land contaminated with HMs under different fertilization regimes.

PL

Tereny zanieczyszczone i odłogowane stanowią opcję dla uprawy roślin na cele energetyczne, szczególnie jeśli weźmie się pod uwagę rozporządzenia dyrektywy Unii Europejskiej w sprawie promowania stosowania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych (2009/28/EC). Spełnienie jej wymogów może być po części zrealizowane poprzez uprawę roślin energetycznych drugiej generacji. Zastosowanie takiego podejścia pozwoli nie tylko pokryć lokalne zapotrzebowanie na odnawialne źródła energii, ale także wspomóc zarządzanie terenami nieprzydatnymi w produkcji roślin na cele żywnościowe oraz paszowe. W przedstawionej pracy badano wpływ zastosowania zróżnicowanego nawożenia na parametry fizjologiczne ślazowca pensylwańskiego uprawianego na glebie zanieczyszczonej metalami ciężkimi. Rośliny nawożone standardowymi nawozami mineralnymi charakteryzowały się wyższymi wartościami parametrów fizjologicznych na początku sezonu wegetacyjnego, podczas gdy na końcu sezonu wegetacyjnego wyższe wartości stwierdzono dla roślin w wariancie kontrolnym i szczepionką mikrobiologiczną. Nawożenie mineralne spowodowało wyższe zawartości Cd i Zn w roślinach, podczas gdy rośliny traktowane szczepionką mikrobiologiczną miały wyższe zawartości K oraz najniższe zawartości N i P w częściach nadziemnych. Stwierdzone zawartości Pb, Cd i Zn w częściach nadziemnych ślazowca pensylwańskiego nie powinny mieć negatywnego wpływu na stan aparatu fotosyntetycznego i wydajność produkcji biomasy. W związku z tym roślina ta może być przydatna w produkcji biomasy na cele energetyczne na ternach zanieczyszczonych.

8

The Ecological Amplitude of Acorus calamus Young Shoots Under Water Level Gradient

Cao Y., Guo Z., Yang Y., Wang G., Xie Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2015

|

Vol. 63, nr 4

585--592

EN

This paper analysed the influence of the gradient of water levels (-54–120 cm) on Acorus calamus (A. calamus) young shoots in terms of their growth characteristics (germination rate, basal stem, height and biomass), leaf characteristics (number, area and moisture content), chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence parameters (Fv/ Fm, ETR, qP and qN) and other indicators. Based on a Gaussian model, we determined and quantified the response relationship between A. calamus young shoots and water level. The results showed that the ecological amplitude of water level for A. calamus young shoots was -52.3−141.8 cm, and the optimum range was -3.5−69.3 cm; a variety of indicators suggested that the optimum depth for A. calamus young shoots was from18.8 cm to 49.6 cm. The A. calamus seedling growth characteristics which were sensitive to changes in the water level were the germination rate and biomass. The germination rate was more sensitive to the submergence water depth, but the biomass was obviously influenced by the groundwater depth. Therefore, the A. calamus could be a suitable species for ecological restoration of land/inland water ecotones in lakes, rivers and reservoirs.

9

Laser-induced fluorescence imaging system for weather stress analysis in plant leaves of different wheat varieties

Canada-Canada F., Pena de la A. M., Diez N. M., Giron A. J., Heisel F., Miehe J. A., Potes J.

Chemia Analityczna

|

2008

|

Vol. 53, No. 4

545-556

EN

Field plants can be exposed to several stresses. Early detection of any change in plant health is important in order to undertake an action to restore its vitality. In this paper, a new approach towards characterization of nutritional lacks in wheat leaves of different varieties has been proposed. The developed procedure is based on a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging system, which allows scanning of emission intensity distribution over the sample surface. Importantly, the new technique is non-invasive and allows for in-situ field analysis of leaves, as the LIF system is housed in a laboratory vehicle. Detection is based on chlorophyll fluorescence-emission band ratios. It allows for the analysis of leaf surface and for the establishment of the relation between emission and the type of wheat variety. The measurements were made in test areas grown with different varieties of a particular wheat type, called long cycle wheat. The proposed technique provides an appropriate method of analysis of different wheat varieties with regard to irregular weather conditions in the investigated region.

PL

Rośliny gruntowe mogą być poddane różnym stresom. Ważne jest aby wcześnie wykrywać niekorzystne zmiany w zdrowiu roślin i przywracać im witalność. W tej publikacji zaprezentowano nowy sposób określania niedożywienia w liściach pszenicy różnego gatunku. Opracowana procedura jest oparta na obserwacji fluorescencji wzbudzonej laserem (LIF) co umożliwia rejestrowanie rozkładu intensywności emisji na powierzchni próbek. Nowa technika jest bezinwazyjna i pozwala na analizę in-situ w polu. Układ LIF umieszcza się w samochodzie. Detekcja jest oparta na pomiarze stosunku intensywności pasm fluorescencji chlorofilu. To pozwala na analizę powierzchni liścia i na ustalenie zależności między emisją i typem pszenicy. Pomiary wykonano w wybranych obszarach z uprawami szczególnego typu pszenicy zwanego pszenicą długi ego cyklu. Zaproponowana technika jest odpowiednią metodą analizy pszenic poddanych nietypowym warunkom pogodowym.

10

Zastosowanie fluorescencji chlorofilu do oceny skuteczności działania wybranych adiuwantów w mieszaninie z atrazyną

Skórska E., Swarcewicz M.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

|

2005

|

R. 9, nr 4

253--259

PL

W pracy przedstawiono szybką metodę fluorescencji chlorofilu do oceny działania wybranych adiuwantów w mieszaninie z atrazyną na rośliny owsa. Atrazyna jako herbicyd triazynowy jest inhibitorem fotosyntetycznego transportu elektronowego w fotosystemie II, co może być rejestrowane za pomocą specjalnego fluorymetrów. Do po-miarów zastosowano fluorymetr impulsowy PAM-200 firmy Walz, mierzono parametr ETR. Wyniki badań wykazały zróżnicowanie reakcji roślin na zastosowane preparaty zależnie od rodzaju zastosowanego adiuwantu. Spośród badanych mieszanin Break-Thrue S-240 i Adbros 85 SL okazały się najbardziej skuteczne, natomiast Adbios 85 SL neutralizował biologiczne działanie atrazyny w mieszaninie z Azoprimem.

EN

In the paper is presented a quick chlorophyll fluorescence method for estimation of action of some adjuvants in the mixture with atrazine on oat plants. Atrazine is - a triazine herbicide - is an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II, which can be measured by means of the special pulse PAM-200 fluorometer. Results of the ETR measurements show differences between the phytotoxicity of the applied adjuvants. Of the studied mixtures Break-Thrue S-240 and Adbros 85 SL were the most effective, whereas Adbios 85 SL neutralised the biological action of atrazine in the connection with Azoprim.

11

Ocena wrażliwości roślin uprawnych na wybrane stresy środowiska przy użyciu metody fluorescencyjnej

Murkowski A.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

|

2005

|

R. 9, nr 4

37--45

PL

Badano wpływ silnego napromieniowania (PPFD 800 μmol·m-2·s-1,) w temp. 24°C i 4°C, na fluorescencję chlorofilu w liściach ogórka odm. Julian F1, oraz (PPFD 1000 μmol·m-2·s-1) w temp. 17°C i 4°C, na fluorescencję chlorofilu w liściach pszenżyta odm. Wanad. Pomiary wykonano przy użyciu fluorymetru typu PAM wyznaczając parametry FV/FM, ETR, Rfd i Y. Z analizy zmian wartości parametrów, które nastąpiły pod wpływem czynników stresowych wynika, że rośliny pszenżyta w porównaniu z roślinami ogórka wykazują mniejszą wrażliwość na zwiększone napromieniowanie, szczególnie w warunkach obniżonej temperatury. Badane fragmenty liści poddano restytucji przez 24 h w ciemności i w temperaturze pokojowej, a następnie powtórzono poprzednie pomiary fluorescencji chlorofilu. W procesie restytucji nastąpił znaczny wzrost wartości wszystkich parametrów wyznaczanych dla pszenżyta, natomiast w przypadku ogórka wzrost wartości parametrów był stosunkowo niewielki. Utrwalone zakłócenia reakcji fotosyntezy w liściach chłodowrażliwego ogórka, po silnym napromieniowaniu przy obniżonej temperaturze świadczą o poważnych i nieodwracalnych skutkach stresu świetlnego.

EN

Effect of high irradiance (PPFD 800 μmol·m-2·s-1) at 24°C and 4°C on chlorophyll fluores-cence in cucumber cv. Julian F1 leaves and (PPFD 1000 μmol·m-2·s-1) at 17°C and 4°C on chlorophyll fluorescence in triticale cv. Wanad leaves was studied. Measurements were carried out by means of a PAM-type fluorometer in order to estimate the parameters: FV/FM, ETR, Rfd, and Y. An analysis of changes of these parameters, which occurred under stress, shows that triticale plants, as compared with cucumber, demonstrate lower sensitivity to increased irradiance, particularly at low temperature. The studied leaf fragments were recovered for 24 hours in darkness and at room temperature, after which the measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence were repeated. During the recovery, all the parameters for triticale increased considerably and approached the control values, while such increase for cucumber was relatively lower. The photosynthesis disturbances in the leaves of chill-sensitive cucumber that persisted as a result of high irradiance at low temperature demonstrates serious and irreversible effect of light stress.

12

Acclimation of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings to irradiance conditions under canopies of different tree species in Sudety Mts. (Southern Poland)

Robakowski P., Wyka T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2003

|

Vol. 51, nr 3

323-337

EN

To determine the influence of tree canopy composition on growth and physiological performance of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Karkonoski National Park (Sudety Mountains, Southern Poland), three-year-old fir seedling were planted in five forest stands dominated by Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Picea abies or Pinus sylvestris. The stands differed in canopy openness such that young fir plants experienced drastically different light environments. After three years of acclimation to site conditions, length of shoots, seasonal changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, and the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids and nutrients in the needles were studied to evaluate the seedling performance. Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the young seedlings responded strongly to local light conditions. The lengths of leader shoot and twigs of the upper whorl reflected variation in canopy openness during the growing season and were highest under Larix. The potential quantum yield of photosystem II (F[v]/F[m]) showed a strong depression in the spring, especially under the leafless canopies of Betula and Fagus, probably because of the occurrence of low air temperatures. Later in the season F[v]/F[m] showed substantial recovery in all stands. Effective quantum yield FI[psii] measured under actinic light also showed a growing trend throughout the season with the lowest levels noted in the spring, particularly under Fagus and Betula. Fluorescence quenching revealed complex seasonal behaviour with little obvious relationship with stand illumination, except for consistently low value of photochemical quenching, and immediate or high nonphotochemical quenching under the dark Picea canopy, probably reflecting photoprotective acclimation to sunflecks. Although needle chlorophyll content showed no relationship to ambient light, the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll was positively linked to canopy openness suggesting the existence of leaf photoprotection that evaded detection by quenching analysis. Nutrient contents in needles depended on site conditions. In the light-transparent Larix stand, the fir needles were strongly depleted in Mg and Ca. Overall, however, all fir plants from experimental plots had much lower needle nutrient content than nursery-raised plants. Needle chlorosis found in Betula and Pinus stands was, however, not caused by macronutrient deficiencies. Considering all variables, conditions most conductive for fir growth and good vigor were found under larch and pine canopies where light penetration was intermediate to high. In contrast, the poorest conditions were found in the Betula stand, where high light penetration in the spring was followed by shading of firs during the growing season.

13

Response of Photosynthetic Apparatus of Barley Flag Leaf to Nickel Supplied to Plants from Inorganic and Chelatic form

Molas J., Matusiewicz J.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2003

|

Vol. 10, nr 8

787-794

EN

The influence of nickel absorbed [rom inorganic form ([formula]) and chelatic form (Ni(II)-EDTA) by barley plants Poldek cultivar on the photosynthetic apparatus of flag leaf was examined in a pot experiment. Nickel absorbed from both chemical forms decreased the capacity of flag leaf photosynthetic apparatus, i.e. it decreased the quantum yield of photosystem II, reduced the concentration of leaf chlorophyll (a + b) and made changes in the ultrastructural organisation of chloroplasts. Nickel was absorbed by barley plants in larger quantity from the inorganic form than from the chelatic form. As a result, the degree of destruction of flag leaf photosynthetic apparatus in plants grown on soil contaminated with inorganic nickel was higher than that of the apparatus in plants grown on soil contaminated with nickel in its chelatic form.

PL

W doświadczeniu wazonowym badano wpływ niklu pobranego z formy nieorganicznej ([wzór]) i chelatowej (Ni(II)-EDTA) przez rośliny jęczmienia odmiany Poldek na sprawność aparatu fotosyntetycznego liścia flagowego. Nikiel pobrany z obu form chemicznych zmniejszał sprawność aparatu fotosyntetycznego liścia flagowego, tj. obniżał wydajność kwantową photosystemu II, redukował koncentrację chlorofilu (a + b) oraz powodował zmiany w ultrastrukturalnej organizacji chloroplastów. Rośliny pobrały znacznie więcej niklu z formy nieorganicznej niż z formy chelatowej. W konsekwencji stopień destrukcji aparatu fotosyntetycznego liścia flagowego roślin rosnących na glebie zanieczyszczonej niklem nieorganicznym był większy niż u roślin rosnących na glebie zanieczyszczonej niklem w formie chelatowej.

14

Altitudinal trends in needle chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) seedlings exposed to increased ultraviolet-b radiation

Robakowski P., Modrzyński J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2000

|

Vol. 48, nr 1

49-62

EN

The main purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the altitude of Norway spruce seed origin and seedling response enhanced UV-B irradiation. There were threeUV-B treatments: high UV-B with a dose of 22.76 kJ m^-2 d^-1 UV-B[BE] (biologically effective dose), low UV-B-5.69kJ m^-2 d^-1 UV-B[BE] and control>> ~ 0 kJ m^-2 d^-1 UV-B[BE]. The plants were exposed to enhanced UV-B during 120 days in the greenhouse. Needle chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were investigated. The chlorophyll content in irradiated needles was lower relative to control after 30 days of exposure to UV-B, but it was higher after 70 days. All the measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters including relative vitality indexes were reduced for needles exposed to an increased UV-B radiation. Generally, the needles' chlorophyll content was increased and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were decreased with altitude of seed origin. The results suggest that the acclimation to higher altitudes may also consist of an increased chlorophyll production. The alterations in chlorophyll concentration among the seedlings originating from different altitudes showed that response of Norway spruce to an enhanced UV-B irradiation depends on the altitude of origin.

15

Impact of ultraviolet-B radiation on two species of forest dwarf shrubs : bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.)

Robakowski P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

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Vol. 47, no 1

3-13

EN

Impact of UV-B irradiation on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence of two dwarf shrub species: Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. was investigated. The plants originating from different latitudes were used. The experiment was carried in the greenhouse. Three variants of ultraviolet-B irradiation were applied = O, lower dose = 11.32 and higher dose = 22.64 kJ m^-2 day^-1 UV-B[BE] (biologically effective dose of UV-B). Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content were carried out. The response of dwarf shrubs to the increased UV-B radiation depended on UV-B dose, species traits and provenance. Vaccinium vitis-idaea was less sensitive to UV-B than Vaccinium myrtillus. The permanent discoloration was observed only on Vaccinium myrtillus leaves. The leaf bud brea of this species was accelerated at high UV-B dose compared to the control. The UV-B radiation influenced its photosynthetic apparatus: the chlorophyll content in leaves was reduced, the maximal and the steady state fluorescence of chlorophyll were diminished. The chlorophyll content in leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea did not change significantly but the relative vitality index and the steady state fluorescence were modified under the influence of the radiation.