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1

Long-term changes in surface and groundwater quality in the area of a municipal landfill (Barycz, Poland)

Szalinska E., d’Obyrn K.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 1

103--115

EN

Data from 15-year lasting monitoring period was investigated to assess the impact of a municipal landfill on the aquatic environment (Baiycz, Poland). Surface and groundwater samples were analyzed to determine basic parameters (pH, conductivity, BOD5, COD, TOC, concentrations of NH4-N, nitrates, phosphorous, and chlorides), and concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Zn). Parameters characterizing the landfill impact on aquatic environment demonstrated elevated values at the surface waters, especially at sampling site localized directly downstream from the facility. However, detailed assessment of the extent of this impact has been hindered due to overlapping anthropogenic and natural factors. The direct impact of the landfill on groundwater was evident, but limited within the direct proximity of the facility. Due to the specific location of the landfill, at a former salt mining area, the hydrogeologic settings induced a more pronounced impact on surface and groundwater quality. The brine extrusions from the salt formations, due to the growing weight of the waste collected in the landfill, caused an increase in water salinity. The long-term monitoring effort illustrates that chloride contamination has been declining since discontinuation of the salt excavation, however, this depends greatly on the actual hydrogeological conditions in the salt mine.

2

Adsorption kinetics of fluoride on bone char and its regeneration

Hu J., Wu D., Rao R., Liu R., Lai W.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 3

93--112

EN

The adsorbent of bone char (BC), produced from the pyrolysis of crushed animal bones, was dominated by the mesopores of the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area. The optimal condition for defluoridation with BC was a pH level near 5.0. Chloride and nitrate ions could increase fluoride adsorption capacity in contrast with the effect of sulfate and carbonate ions. The interchangeability between fluoride and hydroxyl groups on BC sorbent was proved by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Langmuir equation had a better correlation coefficient than the Freundlich equation at various temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters such as Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees, Delta S degrees, Ea and S*, have been calculated to describe the nature of fluoride adsorption onto BC. Negative Delta G degrees and Delta H degrees values at various temperatures indicate a spontaneous process, and its exothermic effect, respectively. However, a positive Delta S degrees value represents an increasing process for entropy. The E-a and S* values ranging from 5 to 40 kj.mol-1 and 0 to 1, respectively, demonstrated that the adsorption is dominated by physical process, although the adsorption kinetic process was involved external diffusion, intraparticle diffusion and chemical reaction equilibrium stage. A high concentration of NaOH solution increases efficiency of removing adsorbed F- ions from the BC surface.

3

Effect of polyaluminium chlorides overdosage on effectiveness of coagulation and filtration

Gumińska J., Kłos M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 41, nr 1

5--14

EN

PACls overdosage has negative impact on the operation and the effectiveness of coagulation and separation of post-coagulation suspensions. The results of the pilot study revealed that a sharp increase of fine particles was observed at reaching and exceeding the isoelectric point. Based on the full-scale research with PACl_1 (B = 2, 4) it was stated that these particles did not cause deterioration of standard quality parameters (turbidity, absorbance UV254, colour, TOC, CODMn) of water purified in conventional treatment. However, the particles not retained in sedimentation tanks supplied rapid filters and caused their overloading, and hence shortening of filtration cycles.

4

Removal of Cr(III) ions from water and wastewater by sorption onto peats and clays occurring in an overburden of lignite beds in central Poland

Kyzioł-Komosińska J., Rosik-Dulewska Cz., Dzieniszewska A., Pająk M., Krzyżewska I.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 40, nr 1

5--22

EN

Sorption capacities of low-moor peats and Neogene clays from the overburden of lignite beds in Central Poland for Cr(III) ions as chloride and metalorganic complex ions have been investigated. The binding mechanisms and sorption parameters were determined based on the Freundlich and Langmuir nonlinear sorption isotherms. The sorption capacities of studied materials for Cr(III) ions depended on their properties (porosity, average pore diameters, specific surface area and content of Fe hydroxyoxides) as well as charge of Cr(III) ions, functional groups and their diagonal lengths. Cr(III) ions from chlorides were bound onto sorbents via Coulomb attraction and by Fe hydroxy-oxides. However the complex Cr(III) ions were bound to the sorbent surface via hydrogen bonds between the dye -OH groups and =O of the sorbent functional groups. The equation parameters of sorption isotherms indicate cooperative heterogeneous adsorption at low Cr(III) concentrations and chemisorption at high Cr(III) concentrations

5

Phosphorus speciation in sewage sludge

Bezak-Mazur E., Mazur A., Stoińska R.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 40, nr 3

161--175

EN

Excessive sewage sludge in terms of contained phosphorus speciation forms has been characterized. The analysis allowed identification of mobile forms of phosphorus in sewage sludge. Quantification of mobile forms of phosphorus is very important for its recovery directly from sewage sludge or for its application for natural purposes. Various phosphorus speciation methods have been presented. The results of the sewage sludge speciation conducted by means of two types of wastewater treatment (EvU-Perl technology and activated sludge) have been compared. The analysis covered the effect of such physiochemical factors as oxygenation, use of ultrasound and precipitation with iron chloride(III). It was concluded that changes in physiochemical conditions lead to alterations in the content of phosphorus speciation forms in sewage sludge.

6

Method of simultaneous measurement of total sulfur, chlorine and fluorine content in biogas

Gaj K., Cybulska H., Knop F.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 37, nr 1

23-30

EN

The method of determination of total content of sulfur, chlorine and fluorine compounds in biogas has been implemented and verified at real conditions. The laboratory plant and the results of periodical measurements of the composition of biogas have been described. The main effects of the research are: determination of the range of concentrations for the analysed compounds in a typical biogas from sewage sludge digestion and evaluation of average fraction of sulfur from hydrogen sulfide in total sulfur content during multiannual period.

7

Oksychlorowanie związków organicznych

Przybyłek M., Gaca J.

Chemik

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2011

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Vol. 65, nr 4

297-300

PL

W artykule omówiono procesy oksychlorowania różnych związków organicznych. Zwrócono również uwagę na proekologiczny aspekt stosowania tych metod. Omówione zostały również szczegółowo mechanizmy oksychlorowania aniliny i eterów tert-butylowych.

EN

In this paper oxychlorination processes were reviewed. We paid special attention to the environmental and ecological aspects of these transformations. Mechanisms of aniline and tert-buthyl ethers oxychlorination were also discussed in detail.

8

Mutagenic activity of the by-products obtained during water chlorination.

Traczewska T.M., Piekarska K., Trusz-Zdybek A., Biłyk A., Czarniecka J.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 33, nr 4

87-95

EN

Potential mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of model water disinfected with chlorine, chlorine dioxide and the mixture of chlorine and chlorine dioxide were examined on the basis of the Ames test. The results of the tests indicate that by-products obtained during water chlorination are mutagenic. The most positive results of the Ames test were obtained using the chlorine for disinfection of model water. When the chlorine dioxide was used, the results of the Ames test were not positive. In the case the water was disinfected with a mixture of chlorine and chlorine dioxide, the positive results of the test, proportional to the chlorine dose, were achieved. Additionally we determined the Amberlite resins allowing most effective concentration of the disinfection by-products. In the set of three columns filled with XAD-2, XAD-7 and XAD-16 resins, the concentration of organic micro-contaminants from water achieved the optimum.

PL

Stwierdzono potencjalną aktywność mutagenną i kancerogenną wody modelowej dezynfekowanej chlorem, dwutlenkiem chloru oraz mieszaniną chloru i dwutlenku chloru. Do badań użyto krótkoterminowego testu bakteryjnego Salmomella (test Amesa). Najwięcej pozytywnych rezultatów testu uzyskano w przypadku dezynfekcji wody chlorem. Z kolei dezynfekcja mieszaniną chloru i dwutlenku chloru dawała nieco mniej wyników dodatnich. Otrzymane wyniki świadczą, że podczas dezynfekcji wody chlorem i mieszaniną chloru i dwutlenku chloru tworzą się mutagenne produkty. W wyniku dezynfekcji wody dwutlenkiem chloru nie powstawały związki o charakterze mutagennym i rakotwórczym, ale przypuszczalnie związki o charakterze toksycznym, na co wskazywała niska wartość współczynnika mutagenności. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły konieczność stosowania szczepów TA98 i TA 100, ponieważ charakterystyczne dla nich mutacje gwarantują ocenę potencjalnej mutagenności szerokiego spektrum chloropo-chodnych mikrozanieczyszczeń wody. Ważne jest, aby do badań stosować żywice o różnym powinowactwie do adsorbowanych zanieczyszczeń, przez to otrzymujemy szeroką gamę tych związków. Proponowany układ kolejno po sobie następujących żywic XAD-2, XAD-7 i XAD-16 w trzech kolumnach wydaje się optymalny.