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1

Removal of silver from chloride solutions using new polymer materials

Pilśniak-Rabiega Magdalena, Wolska Joanna

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 6

art. no. 174357

EN

This work presents the synthesis of polymer resins with heterocyclic functional groups, that is, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pipecoline, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone, and trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane for the recovery of Ag(I) from chloride solutions. The modification yield was 69.2, 74.6 and 88.3%, respectively. The best Ag(I) sorption was achieved from synthetic and real chloride solutions in the case of trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane resin (sorption was 26.8 and 21.5 mg/g, respectively). The sorption kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The maximum sorption capacity of Ag(I) is 105.4, 117.8 and 130.7 mg Ag(I)/g for N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pipecoline resin, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone resin and trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane resin, respectively. The trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane modified resin was very selective towards Ag(I) compared to Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) from the real chloride leaching solution. The N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pipecoline and N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone resins showed high preferences for Ag(I) over Pb(II) in real solution. These results indicated that the polymers can be applied in the recovery of Ag(I).

2

Solvent extraction of copper(II) from chloride solutions using 1,1′-dialkyl-2,2′ bibenzimidazoles as extractants

Mądrzak-Litwa Iwona, Borowiak-Resterna Aleksandra

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 5

1165--1178

EN

The solvent extraction ability of 1,1′-dialkyl-2,2′-bibenzimidazoles (L) for the recovery of copper(II) ions from aqueous chloride solutions has been investigated. It was found that 1,1′-didecyl- 2,2′-bibenzimidazole is a useful extractant for the separation of copper(II) ions from both weakly and strongly acidic solutions. Copper(II) can be effectively stripped of organic solutions by a water or ammonia solution in a one-stage process. In low acidity media (pH feed > 1), the extraction percentage of Cu(II) increases with an increase in metal ions and chloride concentrations. Copper(II) ions are extracted as binuclear complexes (CuCl2) 2L2 (L = extractant). The constructed McCabe−Thiele diagram shows that the reduction of copper(II) ions concentration from 25 to approximately 5 g/dm3 in an aqueous feed is possible in two extraction stages. When [HCl] feed ≥ 1 M, (LH+)2(CuCl 4 2)L complex is formed. From the strongly acidic solutions ([HCl] = [LiCl] = 4 M), almost 100% of copper(II) ions can be removed by 1,1′-didecyl-2,2′-bibenzimidazole. Benzyl alcohol, used as an organic phase modifier, enables the selective extraction of copper(II) over zinc(II) ions from a weakly acidic chloride solution.

3

Factorial design based optimisation of crevice corrosion for type 304 stainless steel in chloride solutions

Ogunleye O. O., Adeniyi A. G., Durowoju M. O.

Advances in Materials Science

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2016

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Vol. 16, nr 2(48)

5--20

EN

The effects of chloride concentration, creviced scaling factor and immersion time on the percentage area and maximum depth of attack for Type 304 stainless steel (SS304) in chloride solutions were investigated. The crevice assembly comprised of coupon (SS-304), polytetrafluoroethylene (crevice former) and fasteners (titanium bolt, nut and washers). The full immersion tests were based on ASTM G-78 using full factorial design to study the effects of chloride concentration (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 w/w%), crevice scaling factor (8, 16 and 24) and immersion time (15, 30 and 45 days) on the percentage area of attack (Y1) and maximum depth of attack (Y2) of SS-304. Data obtained was used to develop and optimize the models of Y1 and Y2 in terms of the three factors using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The R2 of Y1 and Y2 were 0.98 and 0.91, respectively. The minimum Y1 (5.63%) and Y2 (3.32×10−7 mm) were obtained at 4.5% chloride concentration, 20 scaling factor and 15 days immersion time. The predicted optimal conditions agreed with the experimental results for validation with a maximum absolute relative error of 5.75%.

4

Recovery of zinc(II) from primary and secondary chloride solutions by solvent extraction

Mishonov I. V., Szymanowski J.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

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2002

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Vol. 46, nr 3-4

187-207

EN

The present work has focused on the solvent extraction of zinc from chloride leach solutions and industrial effluents. Recovery of zinc(II) from primary leach chloride solutions and various waste effluents is presented. The involved chemical extraction reactions, the implemented solvent extraction schemes and some recent innovations are discussed. Solvent extraction of zinc(II) as an environmentally friendly process attracts broad research attention due to its potential to produce zinc from various resources and to reduce pollution caused by solid and liquid zinc containing wastes.

5

Przegląd metod i sposobów rozpuszczania rodu pierwotnej i wtórnej bazy surowcowej

Nowakowski J., Bukiej W.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

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2000

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R. 45, nr 6

346-349

PL

Metalurgia otrzymywania, jak i rafinacji rodu, oparta zarówno na pierwotnej i wtórnej bazie surowcowej, bazuje na fizyko-chemii roztworów, głównie chlorkowych. Masowe jego stosowanie we współczesnej technice (kataliza, stopy techniczne) oraz brak szerszych danych literaturowych w tym zakresie skłoniły autorów do dokonania przeglądu metod i warunków jego rozpuszczania. Zwrócono uwagę na jego stosunkowo złożoną chemię, opierając się na której uzyskuje się rafinowany rod (różnorakiej postaci) lub jego związki, na potrzeby współczesnego przemysłu. Przedstawiono niektóre problemy limitujące zastosowanie danego sposobu lub metody. Dla przykładu, podano ogólne schematy technologiczne czołowych rafinerii metali szlachetnych, uwzględniające nitkę rodową.

EN

The metallurgy of obtaining and refining of rhodium, based the primary and secondary material resources, has at its foundation the physico-chemistry of solutions, mainly the chloride ones. Its application on a wide scale in modern technology (catalysis, commercial alloys) and lack of sufficient literature data in this field have prompted the authors to review the methods and conditions of rhodium dissolution. Attention has been given to its relatively complex chemical composition, on the basis of which refined rhodium (of various forms) or its compounds are obtained for the needs of modern industry. Some problems limiting the application of the given procedure or method are discussed. General flow diagrams of leading parting plants with consideration given to the rhodium thread have been given for example.