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1

The effect of an organometallic catalyst on the properties of pen grade bitumens

Mieczkowski P.

Structure and Environment

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2018

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Vol. 10, no. 4

338--353

EN

The research objective of the experiments and analyses described in this paper was evaluation of the effect of a specific organometallic catalyst on the properties of 50/70 and 70/100 pen (paving) grade bitumens. The catalyst under analysis is anhydrous iron (III) chloride. It was added to the bitumens at the percentages of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2%. The research included determination of penetration at 25°C, ring and ball softening point test and Fraass breaking point test. The tests were carried out at three states of the tested binder: non-aged, after short-term ageing (RTFOT procedure) and after long-term ageing (PAV procedure). Additionally, viscosity was determined before and after RTFOT ageing. The experimental data were used to determine the penetration index (PI) value and the plasticity range of bitumens. An increase of the bitumen hardness was observed due to organometallic catalyst addition, particularly noticeable after long-term ageing. The catalyst was found to reduce the viscosity of bitumens in the production temperature range.

PL

Przedmiotem badań i analiz omówionych w artykule jest ocena wpływu katalizatora metaloorganicznego na właściwości asfaltu drogowego 50/70 i 70/100. Funkcję katalizatora metaloorganicznego pełnił bezwodny chlorek żelaza (III). Dozowano go w ilości 0,5%, 1,0%, 1,5% oraz 2%. Zakres badań obejmował: penetrację w 25°C, temperaturę mięknienia wg metody „pierścień i kula” oraz temperaturę łamliwości wg Fraassa. Badania wykonano dla trzech stanów lepiszcza: przed starzeniem, po starzeniu krótkoterminowym wg RTFOT oraz po starzeniu długoterminowym wg PAV. Dodatkowo wykonano oznaczenie lepkości przed starzeniem i po starzeniu wg RTFOT. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników wyznaczono wartość indeksu penetracji IP oraz temperaturowy zakres plastyczności TZP. Katalizator metaloorganiczny wpłynął na zwiększenie twardości lepiszcza, szczególnie po starzeniu długotrwałym. Zaobserwowano spadek lepkości asfaltu z udziałem katalizatora w zakresie temperatur technologicznych.

2

Sposób wytwarzania chlorku żelaza(lll) z wykorzystaniem surowców odpadowych

Głuszek A., Magiera J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2011

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T. 90, nr 7

1316-1319

3

Chlorek żelaza (III) i koagulanty wstępnie zhydrolizowane PIX w usuwaniu substancji humusowych z roztworów wodnych

Kaleta J.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2010

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Nr 4

33-36

PL

Badania na modelowych roztworach preparowanych na wodzie wodociągowej. Za pomocą odpowiednich reagentów różnicowano odczyn pH tych roztworów. Koagulację prowadzono sposobem konwencjonalnym z zastosowaniem koagulantu tradycyjnego jakim jest chlorek żelaza(III) oraz koagulantów wstępnie zhydrolizowanych typu PIX. Porównano skuteczność testowanych koagulantów przy usuwaniu substancji humusowych.

EN

Research on model solutions prepared with water from water supply system. Use of different reagents to obtain different pH values for the solutions. Coagulation conducted in a traditional way using iron chloride and initially hydrolyzed coagulants of PIX type. Comparison of tested coagulants' effectiveness for removing humus substances.

4

The use of electrokinetic measurements in a study of pulp wastewater treatment with aluminum and iron (III) salts

Dziejowski J., Libecki B., Smoczyński L.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2005

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Vol. 7, nr 1

13-19

EN

Pulp wastewater poses a serious threat to the natural environment. It is characterized by strong coloration and a high content of organic contaminants, including compounds resistant to biochemical decomposition, often toxic to living organisms. Among a variety of physical and chemical methods of wastewater treatment, coagulation is distinguished by its simplicity and efficiency. The effectiveness of the process depends on the pH and the coagulant dose. The optimization of the process parameters can be done based on electrokinetic measurements, including: potential zeta and the streaming potential. This study examined the process of the coagulation of raw effluents from a sulfate pulp mill with aluminum and iron (III) chlorides. A standard jar test method was used. The color, turbidity, suspension and COD were determined in the samples. Tests with and without pH adjustment were conducted. Electrokinetic measurements were performed with a PCD 03 meter (Mütek Analytic Gmbh). It was found that coagulation effectiveness depended on the salts used. A correlation was also observed between the optimum pH for a determined coagulant dose and the reagent-adding sequence. Iron (III) chloride appeared more effective than aluminum chloride as regards the COD elimination. However, taking the lower optimal dose and a higher pH of coagulation into account, aluminum chloride seems to be a better coagulant for pulp wastewater treatment. The increase in the streaming potential recorded during the tests is correlated with the changes in the wastewater pH. The charge of colloids is dependent upon the pH, so different mechanisms of coagulation can be expected.