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  1. 4 Karolczak P.
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1
Content available Methods of implementation and operation of hardware DRM protection on the example of printer cartridges
Cybowski Wojciech
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
|
2022
|
nr 25(1)
117--137
EN
Tens of millions of printers are sold each year, including copiers and multifunction devices. Each printer needs an ink or toner cartridge, depending on the type of printer. This is where the problems arise that anyone who owns such a device has encountered – the price and availability of cartridges. A set of original cartridges for the printer we bought can sometimes cost more than the printer itself. On the other hand, it is not always possible to buy cheaper replacement consumables. This is often due to the fact that the manufacturer of the printer has implemented a Digital Rights Management (DRM) protection in the chip connected to the cartridge. Bypassing such protection is not trivial, and when a way to do so is learned, it is not disclosed because of the commercial value of such knowledge. The goal of this paper is to determine if it is possible to find out for ourselves how selected DRM protections work by using reverse engineering, and to develop a way to reset these protections so that we are not tied to the price and availability of consumables on the market, as we can remanufacture our cartridges ourselves, which is especially important in the context of the Right to Repair.
2
Content available Automated evaluation of continuous and segmented chip geometries based on image processing methods and a convolutional neural network
Klippel Hagen, Pflaum Samuel, Kuffa Michal, Wegener Konrad
Journal of Machine Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 22, No. 4
115--132
EN
The aim of this work is to present a new methodology for the automated analysis of the cross-sections of experimental chip shapes. It enables, based on image processing methods, the determination of average chip thicknesses, chip curling radii and for segmented chips the extraction of chip segmentation lengths, as well as minimum and maximum chip thicknesses. To automatically decide whether a chip at hand should be evaluated using the proposed methods for continuous or segmented chips, a convolutional neural network is proposed, which is trained using supervised learning with available images from embedded chip cross-sections. Data from manual measurements are used for comparison and validation purposes.
3
Systemy mycia zrębków dla przemysłu celulozowo-papierniczego
Reczulski Mariusz
Przegląd Papierniczy
|
2020
|
R. 76, nr 7
374--376
EN
The article describes modern wood chip washing systems for the pulp and paper industry. The Valmet, ANDRITZ and Pallmann wood chip washing system was presented. Currently, the process of washing chips is becoming an industry standard for removing magnetic particles as well as sand, scrap and stones from the chips that enter the pulp mill manufacturing process.
4
Nowoczesne rozwiązania w transporcie zrębków
Reczulski Mariusz
Przegląd Papierniczy
|
2020
|
R. 76, nr 8
436--441
EN
Troughed belt conveyors are the most widely used type of bulk handling equipment when working with wood chips, shredded wood biomass and bark. The article describes modern belt conveyors for transporting wood biomass. FEECO’s the heavy-duty belt conveyors for a wide range of bulk handling applications and air-supported belt conveyors from FMW and Bruks were presented.
5
Content available Relationship between surface roughness and chip morphology when turning hardened steel
Abidi Youcef
Production Engineering Archives
|
2020
|
Vol. 26, Iss. 3
92--98
EN
Hard machining is a process which has become highly recommended in manufacturing industry to replace grinding and perform production. The important technological parameters that determine this process are tool wear, machined surface roughness, cutting force and morphology of the removed chip. In this work, an attempt has been made to analyse the morphology and form of chip removed during turning of hardened steel AISI 1045 (40HRC) with mixed ceramic tool type CC650. Using a Taguchi plan L9, whose factors are cutting speed and feed rate with three levels for each. Macroscopic and microscopic results of chip morphology were correlated with these two cutting parameters additional to surface roughness. Sufficient experimental results were obtained using the mixed ceramic tool when turning of hardened steel AISI 1045 (40HRC) at high cutting speeds. Roughness of machined surface confirmed that it is influenced by feed rate. Chips show a sawtooth shape for all combinations of the experimental plan used. The chip form changed with cutting parameters variation and given an important indicator of suraface quality for industriel. Having the indicators on the surface quality from simple control of chip without stopping machining give an important advantage in order to maximize production and reduce costs.
6
Content available Hydrogen effect on the high-nickel surface steel properties during machining and wear with lubricants
Balitskii O. A., Kolesnikov V. O., Balitskii A. I., Eliasz J. J., Havrylyuk M. R.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2020
|
Vol. 104, nr 2
49--57
EN
Purpose: The aim of the proposed research is to investigate the hydrogen effect on the high-nickel steel surface properties changing during machining and wear with participation of lubricant-cooling environments. Design/methodology/approach: The approach of the fracture mechanics and physicalchemical methods surface properties investigation was used to formulate the conclusions. Applying of lubricant-cooling (liquid, solid, gaseous) technological environments (LCTE) has change the morphology of chips and roughness of contact 23Ni1Mo3Ti steel surfaces depending on the experimentally fixed hydrogen concentrations (4.62…12.0 ppm). It correlates with both the roughness of the treated surface and the nature of the cutting products fragmentation: the maximum concentration of hydrogen - in the chips coincides with the minimum size of its defragmentation and reduction of the surface roughness. For nitrogen and oxygen, a similar relationship is traced poorly. Findings: On the basis of the fracture mechanics approaches it is confirmed, that in the conditions of the application of hydrogen containing (as chemical composition) (up to 12 ppm) and hydrogen accumulated (in nano container) (up to 600 ppm) LCTE, hydrogen enters the near crack initiation contact zone before fracture and taking part in changing structural material fracture mechanisms, improves its mashinning processes. Research limitations/implications: The results obtained on laboratory specimens should be tested during machining of real details made from high-nickel steel. Practical implications: The created technological approaches can be used in practice evaluation of mechanical properties and residual of modern gas turbine parts. Originality/value: It was shown, that hydrogen containing (in chemical composition) and hydrogen accumulated (in nano container) LCTE permits the hydrogen to enter in the near crack initiation contact zone before fracture and taking part in changing structural material fracture mechanisms.
7
Content available remote Testbed for thermal and performance analysis in MPSoC systems
Sojka Michal, Benedikt Ondřej, Hanzálek Zdeněk, Zaykov Pavel
Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems
|
2020
|
Vol. 21
683--692
EN
Many modern computing platforms in the safety-critical domains are based on heterogeneous Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC). Such computing platforms are expected to guarantee high-performance within a strict thermal envelope. This paper introduces a testbed for thermal and performance analysis. The testbed allows the users to develop advanced scheduling and resource allocation techniques aiming at finding an optimal trade-off between the peak temperature and the achieved performance. This paper presents a new, open-source Thermobench tool for data collection and analysis of user-defined workloads. Furthermore, a methodology for shortening the time needed for the data collection is proposed. Experiments show that a significant amount of time can be saved. Specifically, time reduction from 60 minutes to 15 minutes is achieved with the i.MX8 MPSoC from NXP while running a set of user-defined benchmarks that stress CPU, GPU, and different levels of the memory hierarchy.
8
Content available An experimental study of cutting fluid on drilling AISI 1040 steel
Alim Md. Abdul, Uddin Md. Julhash, Islam Md. Ariful
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
|
2019
|
Vol. 3, No 1
7--12
EN
This experimental study investigated the effects of a conventional cutting fluid during drilling cylindrical holes on workpiece materials made of the AISI 1040 steel. Drilling responses were compared between dry and wet (in presence of the cutting fluid) cutting conditions with respect to drilling force, roundness deviation and taper of the hole, and chip morphology. High production machining and drilling with high cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut were found to be inherently associated with the generation of a large amount of heat and high cutting temperature. In a dry condition such high cutting temperature not only reduces dimensional accuracy and tool life but also impairs the roundness deviation and taper of the hole. The use of a conventional cutting fluid, in such a situation, was very effective to reduce the cutting temperature. In a dry cutting condition, numerous tool-wears were found on the drill bits. Drilling in such a dry condition seriously affects roundness of the hole, and chip shape and color. Contrastingly, use of a traditional cutting fluid reduced temperature as well as improved roundness and taper of the hole. It also acted as a lubricate at the tool tip–work surface interface. Overall, the conventional cutting fluid enhanced the quality of the machine work and potentially can increase machine life of drill bits.
9
Content available Szczegóły kształtowania wióra przy toczeniu wykończeniowym stali nierdzewnej AISI 630
Feldshtein E., Leksycki K.
Obróbka Metalu
|
2018
|
nr 2
10--14
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań rodzaju i kształtu wióra austenitycznej chromowo-niklowej stali nierdzewnej AISI 630 w procesie toczenia wykończeniowego. Badania realizowano w warunkach obróbki na sucho i z chłodzeniem przy zmiennych prędkościach skrawania i posuwach oraz stałej głębokości skrawania. W badaniach zastosowano metodę planowania badań Parameter Space Investigation (PSI), umożliwiającą realizację eksperymentu przy minimalizacji punktów doświadczeń. Ustalono, iż na rodzaj i kształt wióra nie wpływają prędkość skrawania oraz warunki chłodzenia. Podczas toczenia z chłodzeniem zmniejszają się wartości współczynnika zgrubienia wióra, a także intensywność wpływu prędkości skrawania i posuwu. Celem badań była obserwacja procesu kształtowania się wióra podczas toczenia wykończeniowego stali nierdzewnej AISI 630.
EN
The paper presents the results of research on the type and chips shape of austenitic, chromium-nickel stainless steel AISI 630 in the finishing turning process. The tests were carried out under dry machining and cooling conditions at variable cutting speeds and feeds as well as constant depth of cut. The research method was used to plan the Parameter Space Investigation (PSI), enabling the experiment to be realized while minimizing experience points. It was found that the type and shape of the chip are not affected by the cutting speed and cooling conditions. During rolling with cooling, the coarseness coefficient values decrease, as well as the intensity of the cutting speed and feed influence. Observation of the process was carried out in order to get to know it better.
10
Content available Analyses of calcium influence on the AlSi9CuMnNi alloy
Náprstková Nataša, Kraus Pavel, Cais Jaromír, Stančeková Dana, Miturska Izabela
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2018
|
Vol. 12, no 3
32--38
EN
Treatment of metal alloys is one of the ways to affect the properties of the material. The article describes an experiment realized at FPTM UJEP when was experimentally studied the influence of alloys AlSi9CuMnNi calcium modification on some of its properties. The alloy was modified with various amounts of calcium and subsequently machining. Also hardness was measured in the resulting alloys. Machining was performed under certain cutting conditions. After machining the obtained chip was evaluated. Chip was evaluated for its shape, length and amount of chips per 100 g. Devices in FPTM laboratories were used to prepare experimental casts and to evaluate hardness and chips, like the melting furnace LAC K70/13, hardness tester Ernst AT 250X or microscope Olympus SZX 10. Experimental quantities of calcium was 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 wt. %. Presented experiments are part of the extensive research undertaken at Faculty of Production Technologies and Management at Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem.
11
Content available remote Wpływ zarysu ostrza freza na kształtowanie wiórów w wysokowydajnym frezowaniu stopu aluminium
Burek J., Płodzień M., Żyłka Ł., Buk J.
Mechanik
|
2016
|
R. 89, nr 8-9
1216--1217
PL
W obróbce wysokowydajnej występują duże przekroje warstwy skrawanej oraz duże przekroje wiórów. Duże wymiary wiórów powodują utrudnioną ich ewakuację ze strefy skrawania. Przebadano wpływ zarysu krawędzi skrawającej freza na wielkość i kształt wiórów w procesie wysokowydajnego frezowania stopu aluminium.
EN
In the high-performance machining there are large sections of cutting layer and large sections of the chips. The large dimensions of the chips cause impeded their evacuation from the cutting zone. The influence of the cutting edge profile of the milling cutter on the size and shape of the chips in the high-performance cutting of aluminum alloy was determined.
12
Content available remote Badania wpływu zastosowania MQL na siły skrawania i postać wióra w toczeniu wybranego stopu aluminium
Karolczak P., Kołodziej M., Skowronek H.
Mechanik
|
2016
|
R. 89, nr 8-9
1212--1213
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad możliwością zastosowania minimalnego smarowania MQL w obróbce stopów aluminium, ze względu na siły skrawania oraz postać wióra w toczeniu. Zaprezentowane wnioski porównano z wynikami prób obróbki kompozytów aluminiowych w warunkach minimalnego smarowania.
EN
Article presents the results of research on the possibility of application of minimum quantity lubrication MQL in machining of aluminum alloys considering cutting forces and chip shape. Presented findings were compared with test results of machining aluminum composites under conditions of minimum quantity lubrication.
13
Content available remote Analiza wpływu warunków toczenia wzdłużnego na chropowatość powierzchni i kształt wiórów miedzi tlenowej Cu-ETP
Karolczak P., Kowalski M., Pudłowski M.
Mechanik
|
2016
|
R. 89, nr 10
1490--1491
PL
Przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące obróbki wiórowej miedzi. Badaniom została poddana miedź katodowa Cu-ETP. Zaprezentowano wpływ parametrów skrawania oraz rodzaju płytki skrawającej na chropowatość powierzchni i odmianę wióra powstającego podczas toczenia wzdłużnego.
EN
This article presents issues concerning copper alloy machining. Copper alloy Cu-ETP was studied. This article presents the influence of cutting parameters and the type of cutting insert on surface roughness and chip variation after longitudinal turning.
14
Content available remote Analiza wpływu warunków toczenia na chropowatość powierzchni i postać wiórów stopu tytanu Ti6Al4V
Kołodziej M., Karolczak P.
Mechanik
|
2016
|
R. 89, nr 10
1486--1487
PL
W artykulle przedstawiono wyniki badań podczas obróbki stopu tytanu Ti6Al4V, z zastosowaniem konwencjonalnego smarowania oraz chłodzenia, ze względu na chropowatość powierzchni oraz postać tworzącego się wióra w toczeniu. Zaprezentowane wnioski porównano z wynikami prób obróbki stopu tytanu w warunkach obróbki na sucho.
EN
The article presents the results of research during turning of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V using conventional cooling and lubrication, due to surface roughness and to form the chip forming in the turning. The presented conclusions were compared with test results turning of titanium alloy under dry machining.
15
Content available Badania kształtu wiórów oraz ich współczynników spęczenia i skrócenia w procesie frezowania oraz symulacja procesu z wykorzystaniem MES
Chodór J., Kułakowska A., Żurawski Ł., Bohdal Ł., Kałduński P.
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
|
2015
|
R. 22, nr 12
284--289, CD
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych kształtu wiórów oraz współczynników ich spęczenia i skrócenia. Badania przeprowadzono wykorzystując głowicę frezową Sandvik CoroMill R245-125Q40-12M oraz płytki wymienne R245-12 T3 M-PM 4030 z węglików spiekanych z powierzchnią dogładzającą Abs. Przeprowadzono analizy numeryczne procesu skrawania. W analizach numerycznych parametry technologiczne a także geometryczne narzędzia i materiału obrabianego były identyczne jak w badaniach eksperymentalnych. Porównano kształty wiórów i współczynniki spęczenia otrzymane eksperymentalnie i numerycznie.
EN
The paper presents the results of experimental researches of chips shape and its swage factor and shortening factor. The study was conducted using milling head Sandvik CoroMill R245-125Q40-12M and replaceable plates R245-12 T3 M-PM 4030 from cemented carbide with honed surface Abs. Numerical analysis of cutting process were conducted. Technological parameters and geometry of the cutting edge and workpiece in numerical analysis were the same as in experimental researches. Chip’s shapes and swage’s factor from researches and numerical simulations were compared.
16
Content available remote Badania kształtu wióra oraz jego współczynników spęczenia i skrócenia w procesie frezowania walcowo-czołowego symetrycznego niepełnego oraz symulacja procesu z wykorzystaniem MES
Chodór J., Żurawski Ł.
Mechanik
|
2015
|
R. 88, nr 3CD
289--298
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych kształtu wiórów oraz współczynników ich spęczenia i skrócenia. Badania przeprowadzono wykorzystując głowicę frezową Sandvik CoroMill R245-125Q40-12M oraz płytki wymienne R245-12 T3 M-PM 4030 z węglików spiekanych z powierzchnią dogładzającą Abs. Przeprowadzono analizy numeryczne procesu skrawania. W analizach numerycznych parametry technologiczne a także geometryczne narzędzia i materiału obrabianego były identyczne jak w badaniach eksperymentalnych. Porównano kształty wiórów i współczynniki spęczenia otrzymane eksperymentalnie i numerycznie.
EN
The paper presents the results of experimental researches of chips shape and its swage factor and shortening factor. The study was conducted using milling head Sandvik CoroMill R245-125Q40-12M and replaceable plates R245-12 T3 M-PM 4030 from cemented carbide with honed surface Abs. Numerical analysis of cutting process were conducted. Technological parameters and geometry of the cutting edge and workpiece in numerical analysis were the same as in experimental researches. Chip’s shapes and swage’s factor from researches and numerical simulations were compared.
17
Content available remote Analiza wpływu warunków toczenia wzdłużnego na chropowatość powierzchni i postać wiórów stopu magnezu AM 60
Kowalski M., Karolczak P.
Mechanik
|
2015
|
R. 88, nr 8-9CD2
632--640
PL
Przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące obróbki ubytkowej stopów magnezu. Badaniom poddano odlewniczy stop magnezu AM 60. Zaprezentowano wpływ parametrów skrawania oraz rodzaju płytki skrawającej na chropowatość powierzchni i odmianę wióra powstającego po toczeniu wzdłużnym stopu AM 60. Opisano wpływ warunków obróbki na jego skrawalność.
EN
The article presents issues concerning magnesium alloys machining .Magnesium alloy AM 60 was studied. This article presents the influence of cutting parameters and the type of cutting insert on surface roughness and chip variation resulting after casting magnesium alloy AM 60 longitudinal turning. The influence of processing conditions on the machinability of the alloy AM 60 is described.
18
Proces kształtowania wiórów w warunkach toczenia na sucho, z MQL i emulsją
Leppert T.
Logistyka
|
2015
|
nr 4
1968--1975, CD2
PL
Wyeliminowanie chłodzenia i smarowania lub jego zminimalizowanie w procesie toczenia istotnie wpływa na warunki kształtowania i postać tworzącego się wióra. Korzystny kształt wiórów, ze względu na łatwość odprowadzenia z obszaru skrawania, jest pożądany podczas zautomatyzowanego procesu wywarzenia części, szczególnie z materiałów trudnoskrawalnych. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań warunków powstawania i kształtu wiórów podczas toczenia na sucho, z minimalnym smarowaniem i emulsją stali konstrukcyjnej C45 oraz austenitycznej stali nierdzewnej X2CrNiMo17-12-2. Stwierdzono istotny wpływ warunków chłodzenia i smarowania strefy skrawania, parametrów skrawania i rodzaju materiału obrabianego. Wyznaczono warunki skrawania, w których kształt powstających wiórów spełnia wymagania obróbki zautomatyzowanej.
EN
The elimination of cooling and lubrication liquid or its minimization in turning process significantly affects the conditions of the chip formation and shape. A preferred shape of chips, for ease of removal from the cutting area is desirable in an automated turning process, particularly in machining difficult to cut materials. The paper presents the research results of the conditions of formation and shape of the chips when turning dry, with minimal lubrication and emulsion C45 structural steel and austenitic stainless steel X2CrNiMo17-12-2. A significant influence of the cooling and lubricating the cutting zone, cutting parameters and the type of work piece material was found. Cutting conditions in which the shapes of generated chips meet the requirements of the automated turning process were determined.
19
Content available Machinability of modified AlSi7Mg0,3 alloy
Naprstkova N., Cais J.
Production Engineering Archives
|
2014
|
Vol. 3, No. 2
10--13
EN
Al Alloys have an important position in the industry, mainly in the automotive and aerospace industries. One important group is silumins (Al-Si alloys). Al-Si alloys are the leading casting alloys based on aluminum. Machining of aluminum alloys is currently frequently used and it is an important area of production. This paper deals with an experiment that was conducted at the Faculty of Production Technology and Management, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, where alloy AlSi7Mg0,3 was experimented upon. Samples were made for processing from the master alloy AlSi7Mg0,3, subsequently unmodified and modified of Sr, Ca and Sb. This paper describes the evaluation of hardness, chip and tool wear in terms of how modification by Sr, Ca and Sb may affect analytical values.
20
Content available Analiza numeryczna toczenia tarczy hamulcowej
Bohdal Ł., Chodór J., Kałduński P.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2014
|
R. 15, nr 6
39-42
PL
Głównym celem pracy jest omówienie zjawisk fizycznych występujących na powierzchniach współpracujących wióra i narzędzia w procesie toczenia tarczy hamulcowej. Omówiono tarcie na powierzchniach styku, powstawanie narostu na ostrzu a także współdziałanie zjawisk towarzyszących procesowi powstawania wióra.
EN
The main aim of this work is present physical phenomena which occurs on the contact surface of chip and tool during brake disc turning. Friction on the contact zone, making built-up edge and cooperation of phenomena during chip processing are discussed.
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