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Metal Mobilisation from Obsolete PCB of Mobile Phones Using Chemolithotrophs

Sonawane Pooja M., Gupta Shantikumar G.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2021

Vol. 22, iss. 6

79--84

Tech is ubiquitous and a major mushrooming stream of hazardous material into the environment produced from the obsolescence of electronic equipment. The successful commercial operations of bioleaching processes from ores are now finding urban mines to be its potential source of base metals and precious metals. Among the six categories of e-waste, mobile phones pose a significant challenge due to technological upgradation and short life span of these gadgets. Thus, this study was precisely projected towards the e-waste generated by mobile phones. The ICP-OES analysis of 0.5 mm particle size of e-waste revealed the presence of base metals Co < Mg < Pb < Zn < Ni < Al < Cu and precious metals Pt < Au. The analysis showed that among base metals Cu is present in the highest concentration i.e., 244.303 g/kg and gold is present in 1106.6 mg/kg. In the current study, the plausibility of bioleaching processes using chemolithotrophs (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) for mobilisation of the metals from e-waste was investigated at variable pulp densities (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%). The results from the study indicated that the pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were able to abundantly leach out base and precious metals at 0.5% and 1% pulp densities of powdered e-waste. At 1% pulp density, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans leached 79% of Cu and at 0.5% Ni and Al were leached in 80% and 70% respectively. Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans at 0.5% pulp density leached out Co, Zn and Pb in 61.7%, 60.9%, and 49.8% respectively. Among precious metals at 1% pulp density Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans leached out Au in 55% and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in 67%. These findings highlight the potential application of biomining for mobilization and extraction of metals from electronic waste.