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1
Content available remote Insecticidal activity - a new bioactive property of the cyanobacterium Fischerella
Becher Paul G., Juttner Friedrich
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2006
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Vol. 54, nr 4
653-662
EN
Cyanobacterial biofilms serve as food and as shelter for benthic invertebrates, such as juvenile insects. Chironomids are often the most frequently found and abundant insect larvae in freshwater ecosystems. As a consequence of high grazing pressure, effective defence mechanisms can be expected in biofilm-forming organisms. The presence of chemical defence was studied in detail in 12 axenic and monoxenic cyanobacterial species. Flakes of cyanobacterial biofilms were offered to Chironomus riparius (Meigen) over a period of 8 days. Mortality and body-length of the surviving animals were used as indicators for the toxicity of the cyanobacteria and their suitability as food. Toxicity and inhibition of larval growth were found for several cyanobacteria tested. Fischerella sp. (ATCC 43239) was the most active and caused 100% mortality in Chironomus larvae within 24 h. Mortality was also high (87%) for larvae fed with Aphanothece sp. Moderate toxicity (40-60% mortality) was found for Calothrix sp. (PCC 7507), C. braunii Bornet et Flahault, C. thermalis (Schwabe) Hansgirg and a cyanobacterium of the LPP group designated JU 5. Mortality of 7-33% was observed for Calothrix parietina (Nageli) Thuret, Oscillatoria brevis (Kutzing) Gomont, Cylindrospermum sp., Nostoc sp., Calothrix anomala Mitra and a cyanobacterium of the LPP group designated 5 KB. Differences depending on the cyanobacterial food offered were also seen in the lengths of surviving larvae. Fischerella sp. (ATCC 43239) was studied in more detail to chemically characterize the observed insecticidal activity. The insecticidal activity could be extracted with 60% aq. methanol from the fresh biomass and caused 100% mortality in Chironomus. A literature survey was performed on the bioactive compounds so far isolated and characterized from Fischerella and related Stigonematales. It is noticeable that no insecticidal activity has been shown for any of these compounds yet. The newly found insecticidal property of Fischerella may lead to the identification of bioactive compounds which may be important as a chemical defence against insect grazers.
2
Content available remote Wybrane problemy obrony przeciwchemicznej w działaniach operacyjnych
Michailiuk B.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
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2002
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nr 3-4(48-49)
220-241
EN
The article presents the idea of chemical defence and general abilities and principles of chemical troops functioning in operations. In the introduction the author describes actions and tasks of chemical defence in operations. Later he presents the principles of actions and abilities of chemical troops' assets and forces in operations. A special attention is drawn to the principles of actions of chemical battalion subunits and fighters' section of contamination and smoke reconnaissance in operations.
3
Content available remote Wojska obrony przeciwchemicznej w systemie obronnym RP, struktura i możliwości techniczno-bojowe
Michailiuk B.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
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2001
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nr 3(44)
176-189
EN
The article presents problems connected with the current and future chemical defence troops' structure functioning in the Polish defence structure and their technical and combat potentials. In the introduction the current state of chemical defence troops has been evaluated basing on the tasks facing them. Then the chemical defence troops tactical and combat potentials on the operational and tactical level have been assessed and compared in the area of contamination reconnaissance and decontamination. A special attention has been drawn to the need to carry out necessary organisational – functional changes of chemical defence troops in the Polish Republic's defence system.
4
Content available remote Wojska obrony przeciwchemicznej w wojskach obrony terytorialnej : perspektywy użycia
Michailiuk B.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
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2000
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nr 3(40)
93-104
EN
The article presents problems connected with the organisation, tasks and general rules of chemical defence troops functioning that appear in selective command stages structures in Polish Territorial Defence troops. The current tasks accomplished by these troops and the structure of Territorial Defence troops functioning in the Polish Armed Forces have been described in the introduction. The further part of the article deals with propositions of chemical defence troops’ structural changes in the Polish Territorial Defence troops. A particular attention has been focused on the possibility to form and select chemical defence battalions into contamination monitoring and removing into Territorial Defence structures.
5
Content available remote Problemy funkcjonowania sił i środków obrony przeciwchemicznej w wojskach lądowych RP
Kutyła J.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
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2000
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nr 1(38)
105-121
EN
Chemical defence troops are used by land forces to carry out chemical defence tasks when their own potential is not sufficient enough in relation to the needs resulting from the situations of threats and contamination in the battlefield. The article deals with chemical defence (military and non-military) tasks and endeavours that require using specialist equipment and soldiers appropriately prepared. Also the tasks of the troops and objects smoke masking and striking the enemy with incendiary means have been discussed. In the further part of the article there have been presented the ways to create conditions by chemical defence troops to protect against (radioactive, chemical and biological) contamination and the effects of incendiary means using on the areas of conducted fights, battles and operations.
6
Content available remote Możliwości likwidacji wtórnych skutków klęsk żywiołowych przez wojska obrony przeciwchemicznej
Kutyła J.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
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2000
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nr 4(41)
65-78
EN
Problems connected with conducting non-military tasks facing chemical defence troops to liquidate natural disasters’ effects have been presented in the article. In the introduction, an attempt has been made to define the notions of “natural disasters” and their characteristics, range and effects in the area of Poland, paying particular attention to floods, have been described. The further part of the article deals with the role of chemical defence troops to liquidate natural disasters’ secondary effects using the materiel and equipment. A special attention was focused on these troops’ support for the state rescue system. Also issues related to our legal conditions concerning the possibilities to use the troops in operations to liquidate natural disasters’ effects have been discussed. Groups liquidating contamination working during decontamination, disinfection of the terrain, buildings, vehicles, people’s sanitary actions, clothes and uniforms disinfection have been described in the final part of the article.
7
Content available remote Interoperacyjność obrony przeciwchemicznej w perspektywie osiągania przez siły zbrojne RP standardów NATO
Pokrątka T.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
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1998
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nr 1(30)
193-198
EN
The article presents the basic directions to achieve interoperability by the Polish Armed Forces in the field of chemical defence. Reaching NATO standards in the area of chemical defence is connected with conducting substantial structural and functional transformations of the hitherto existing model of its functioning. The author analyses and evaluates positive and negative events in chemical defence reforms in 1989-1996. On the background on the conducted analyses, he tries to define a degree of approximation of selective chemical defence areas to standards binding in this area in NATO. In the final part of the article the basic suggestions concerning chemical defence development have been presented, taking into consideration results of questionnaire results in the problem area.
8
Content available remote Ewolucja zadań obrony przeciwchemicznej w Wojsku Polskim
Nowak I., Solarz J.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
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1998
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nr 3(32)
122-141
EN
The article presents the genesis and processes of organising defence against chemical warfare in the Polish Armed Forces in 1919-1924, tasks of defence against chemical warfare in 1924-1939, functioning and tasks of defence against chemical warfare in Polish formations during the Second World War, and also the process of evolution of defence against chemical warfare tasks in periods 1945-1977, 1977-1994. There has also been discussed creating anti nuclear defence and anti- bacterial defence, a new kind of combat actions protection against ABC weapons, the aim and tasks of defence against chemical warfare after 1994.
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