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1 2022

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Zastosowanie chemii "klik" do syntezy biokoniugatów salinomycyny

Sulik Michał, Antoszczak Michał, Huczyński Adam

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2022

[Z] 76, 11-12

883--907

Bioconjugation is a well-known method of designing new drug candidates for many different diseases, including cancer. The idea of the process is to join two or more bioactive molecules by means of a covalent bond. Thus, obtained hybrids often exhibit higher efficiency compared to that of the starting compounds. Recently, the use of click chemistry, especially Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, has attracted much attention for the synthesis of bioconjugates of natural compounds. The great advantage of this reaction is its high yield and enzymatic stability of the 1,2,3-triazole ring. Mild conditions of this reaction guarantee that it can be used to modify compounds with low stability, such as salinomycin – a representative of ionophore antibiotics. Salinomycin is a naturally occurring lipophilic compound isolated from Streptomyces albus. It is capable of forming complexes with metal cations and transport them across the lipid membranes. This process disturbs the intercellular Na+ /K+ concentration gradient and leads to apoptosis (programmed cell death). Salinomycin exhibits high anticancer activity, including efficiency against multidrug-resistant cancer cells and cancer stem cells of different origin. Chemical modification of the salinomycin skeleton to increase its biological activity is a very interesting research direction. Our review article is focused on the application of click chemistry for the synthesis of salinomycin bioconjugates with many different biologically active compounds (Cinchona alkaloids, nucleosides, triphenylphosphonium cation, betulinic acid and other ionophore antibiotics). Some of the obtained hybrids exhibit higher efficiency compared to that of the starting compounds, e.g., increased anticancer activity, the ability to overcome multi-drug resistance, or improved ionophoretic properties. These results are a good starting point for further research on the use of click chemistry in the synthesis of highly functional hybrids of natural compounds.