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Ocena zależności korelacyjnych między wskaźnikami jakości ścieków

Malindzakova Marcela, Malindzak Dusan, Garaj Patrik, Bindzar Peter

Przemysł Chemiczny

2020

T. 99, nr 12

1743--1748

W latach 2013–2018 zgromadzono dane dotyczące jakości ścieków w regionie Koszyc (Słowacja, 240 tys. mieszkańców), które obejmowały m.in. biologiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen (BOD5), chemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen (CODCr), całkowitą zawartość azotu, zawartość substancji nierozpuszczalnych (IS) oraz całkowitą zawartość fosforu (P). Uzyskane dane przeanalizowano w celu określenia korelacji między poszczególnymi wskaźnikami. Próbki pobierano dwa razy w miesiącu z punktu dopływu do oczyszczalni ścieków. Wyniki przedstawiono w formie graficznej i jako równania regresji.

The data on wastewater quality in Košice region (Slovakia, 240 000 inhabitants) including the biol. O demand (BOD5), the chem. O demand (CODCr), the content of total N, the content of insol. substances (IS), and the content of total P were collected in 2013–2018 and analyzed to det. correlations between the particular indicators. The samples were taken twice a month intervals from the input point of the wastewater treatment facility. The results were presented both graphically and as regression equations.

Charakterystyka ścieków z zakładu utylizacji odpadów pochodzenia zwierzęcego

Rodziewicz J., Mielcarek A., Bryszewski K., Janczukowicz W.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

2017

T. 20, nr 3

359--370

In this study, wastewater originating from a post-slaughter waste management plant, the main activity of which is the recovery of other than hazardous wastes of animal origin and wastes from the agri-food processing, were analyzed. The main substrates processed in the installation include post-slaughter wastes and wastes from the agri-food processing, like e.g.: waste animal tissue, raw materials and products unsuitable for consumption and processing originating from the food, dairy, bakery and confectionery industries, sludge from the onsite wastewater treatment plant, unusable dietary fats, cooking oils and fats, and biodegradable kitchen waste. The above-mentioned wastes are recovered and processed into meat-bone meal, blood meal, feather meal as well as technical fat. The wastewater was characterized by a high concentration of organic matter (COD from 20 345 to 66 260 mg O2/dm3), total suspended solids (from 1068 to 4336 mg/dm3), and fats (from 1186 to 2244 mg/dm3). Phosphorus concentration in raw wastewater ranged from 75 to 230 mg P/dm3, that of total nitrogen from 496 to 910 mg N/dm3, and that of ammonia nitrogen from 450 to 846 mg N/dm3. The process line of the onsite wastewater treatment plant included: rotary screen, floatation-flocculation station (agents and procedures aiding the process: PIX coagulant, pH adjustment with soda lye, polyelectrolyte), aerobic bioreactor, and ultrafiltration station. The excess sludge from the bioreactor is dewatered on a filtration press and collected by an external company as a waste product. Removal effectiveness reached 99.7% for organic matter, 98.5% for total phosphorus, 95.2% for total nitrogen, 98.5% for ammonia nitrogen, and 98.9% for suspended solids. The total effectiveness of the first two stages of the treatment process (screening on rotary screens and wastewater treatment via floatation and flocculation) exceeded 50% in the case of most of the contaminants (except for total nitrogen with effectiveness accounting for 46%). The highest total effectiveness of the first two stages of the treatment process, reaching over 90%, was noted in the case of fats. Concentrations of contaminants in the treated wastewater did not exceed the permissible values, stipulated in the integrated permit.

Celem pracy była charakterystyka ścieków pochodzących z zakładu utylizacji odpadów poubojowych oraz ścieków po kolejnych etapach oczyszczania. W skład ciągu technologicznego oczyszczalni wchodzi sito obrotowe, stacja flotacyjno-flokulacyjna, tlenowy reaktor biologiczny i stacja ultrafiltracji. Badania wykonano w latach 2015-2016. Próbki pobrano siedmiokrotnie - trzy w roku 2015 i cztery w 2016 (maj, czerwiec). Ścieki charakteryzowały się wysokim stężeniem związków organicznych wyrażonych ChZT (od 20 345 do 66 260 mg O2/dm3), zawiesin ogólnych (od 1068 do 4336 mg/dm3), tłuszczów (od 1186 do 2244 mg/dm3). Równocześnie stężenie fosforu ogólnego w ściekach surowych wynosiło od 75 do 230 mg P/dm3, azotu ogólnego od 496 do 910 mg N/dm3, a stężenie azotu amonowego od 450 do 846 mg N/dm3. Związki organiczne usuwane były ze sprawnością 99,7%, fosfor ogólny - 98,5%, azot ogólny - 95,2%, azot amonowy - 98,5% i zawiesiny - 98,9%. Sumaryczna efektywność w dwóch pierwszych etapach oczyszczania na sitach obrotowych oraz w procesie flotacji i flokulacji w większości przypadków była wyższa od 50% (wyjątek stanowił azot ogólny). Stężenia wskaźników zanieczyszczeń w ściekach oczyszczonych nie przekraczały wartości dopuszczalnych, określonych w pozwoleniu zintegrowanym.

Charakterystyka jakościowa ścieków powstających w browarach i słodowniach

Janczukowicz W., Mielcarek A., Rodziewicz J., Ostrowska K., Jóźwiak T., Kłodowska I., Kordas M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2013

Tom 15, cz. 1

729--748

Beer is the fifth most popular drink all over the world. Annual consumption reaches 23 L per capita. In Poland, the brewery industry has been the subject of intensive transformations in the last 20 years as a result of, most of all, an increase in beer consumption and brewery wastewater quantity increase are observed. Two main cycles may be distinguished in the beer production process: production of malt and production of beer. Wastewaters are generated at all production stages: soaking and transport of grain (malt house), spent grain anddraff (brewhouse), yeast washing and waste yeast pressing (fermentation house), and mainly from processes of production appliances, rooms and packages cleaning. Hence, the quantity of generated wastewaters is significantly affected by the washing technology of appliances and installations. The study presents the physicochemical characteristics of wastewaters originated from the brewery plant production departments. Wastewater samples were taken from two brewery plants (BP) 1 and 2. They produce lager type beer. The mean water consumption in the breweries in the study period reached 0.30 and 0.45 m3 hL-1 of produced beer respectively for BP1 and for BP2. Wastewaters originated from: brewhouse, the process of spinning (centrifuge), fermentation house (fermentation tanks, horizontal unitanksUT), storage facilities (with facilities for filtration, storage in the pressurized tanks BBT type) and racking house – BP1 and frommalt house, brewhouse, fermentation house and racking house at BP2. In addition, analyses were conducted on a mixture of wastewaters originating from the whole brewery plant that, apart from the above-mentioned production wastewaters, contained wastewaters from social facilities and administrative buildings.Physicochemical analysesincluded: pH, suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD and BOD. Results of the study demonstrate a correlation between the site of wastewaters generation, specific character of a unitary technological process and the quality of wastewaters discharged to a sewage system, including their potential biodegradability. The highest average concentration of organic compounds (COD and BOD) (28161 mg O2 ∙ L-1 and 13595 mg O2 ∙ L-1) and total phosphorus (75,2 mg P ∙ L-1 )were observed in the effluents produced during the centrifuge process at the brew house. Wastewater from brewhouse located at BP1 characterized by the highest suspended solids concentration (924 mg d.m. L-1). The maximum values of total nitrogen (132,9 mg N ∙ L-1)were reported in the effluent from the fermentation process (BP2).Despite significant differences in the quality of wastewaters, they were characterized by the C:N:P ratio beneficial for the biological treatment, irrespective of the source of their origin.Ratios of BOD : (TKN + TP) (>25)in brewery wastewaters indicate the potential for highly-effective process of biological N and P removal. These ratios show that the processes of denitrification and biological phosphorus removal should not be limited by the availability of the organic substrate. Moreover, most examined brewery wastewater streams can be applied as external carbon source in biological processes removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater containing insufficient amounts of biodegradable organic matter.