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Stan ekologiczny wód Kanału Radackiego na podstawie wskaźników i indeksów biotycznych

Lampart-Kałużniacka M., Konieczna M., Pikuła K.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2010

Tom 12

393-408

Od momentu przyjęcia przez Parlament Europejski Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej, kraje członkowskie zobowiązały się do 2015 roku osiągnąć dobry stan wód. Także Polska od dnia przystąpienia do UE stara się podejmować wszelkie działania wpływające korzystnie na ekosystemy wodne. Jednocześnie zgodnie z wytycznymi niniejszej dyrektywy, badania dotyczące oceny stanu ekologicznego wód w naszym kraju prowadzone są nie tylko z wykorzystaniem parametrów fizyczno-chemiczne lecz także w oparciu o czynnik biotyczny, do których należą: fitoplankton, makrofity, ichtiofauna oraz makrozoobentos [4]. Większość państw Europy Zachodniej stosuje wymienione grupy w celu określania stopnia eutrofizacji, za którą z kolei w większości przypadków odpowiada człowiek [10].

The research was carried out done using benthic organisms in accordance to Frame Water Directive 2000/60/WE of European Parliament and Council from October 23rd 2000. One of its assumptions is to take into consideration abiotic and biotic factors during estimation of ecological state of waters, since only these give the full image of an examined environment. Radacki Channel is located Zachodniopomorskie Province on the area of Protected Landscape of Drawa Lake District. This channel is the one of main tributaries to Trzesiecko Lake which is a tourist attractions in Szczecinek town. The research was carried out from March to September 2006. Four research sites were appointed along the channel. In each of them samples were taken using the benthic net. There were four quantitative samples and one qualitative sample. Obtained organisms were preserved on the site and then determined in the lab in order to classify in accordance with given taxonomic units. In order to estimate Radacki Channel water quality indexes like TBI (Trent Biotic Index), BNWP-PL (Biological Monitoring Working Party, for Poland), were used along with Saprobe Index S and EPT (Ephermeroptera-ephemerid, Plecoptera, Trichoptera). In addition number, density and biomass of ascertain taxons were analyzed. Most of examined sides, on the basis of biotic indexes values, were found as ones in good ecological state. The best results were obtained in the third site, where the biggest biological diversity was found. The worst quality of water was found on site 2, where values of biotic indexes classified the quality of water as moderate. Radacki Channel as a watercourse flowing into Trzesiecko Lake has a big influence on its waters. Determined species along with clean water on sites brings some optimism. But still not the whole watercourse had the good results. An evident decrease of water quality was found near arable fields and meadows. Configuration of the terrain in the area could cause decrease of water quality by runoff of biogenic substances from the surrounding reception basin which possibly affected the ecological state of both the Radacki watercourse and the Trzesiecko Lake. It should be noted that these were the first studies using benthic organisms on Radacki Channel. They do not show changes in the ecosystem. In order to be able to identify those changes long-term studies are necessary.