Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Determining cellulolytic activity of microorganisms

Grata Katarzyna

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2020

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R. 25, NR 1-2

133--143

EN

Decomposition of cellulose to glucose requires complex cooperation of glycoside hydrolase enzymes. As a result of glycoside β-1,4 bonds hydrolysis, shorter chains of cellulose, oligodextrin, cellobiose and glucose are created. A number of bacteria and fungi demonstrate the capacity to degrade cellulose. Their activity can be assessed with the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods with the use of e.g. Congo red, are used in screening studies, however, they do not provide information about the quantity of the produced enzyme. Spectrophotometric methods are more accurate and they measure the quantities of reducing sugars with the use of appropriate substrates, e.g. carboxymethylcellulose is used to determine endoglucanases, avicel cellulose to determine exoglucanases and Whatman filter paper to determine total cellulolytic activity. Activity of microorganisms depends not only on their species or type but also, among others, on substratum composition, cultivation conditions and the appropriate selection of parameters of the carried out enzymatic reactions.

2

Cellulolytic Activity of Trichoderma Viride With Regard to Selected Lignocellulosic Waste Materials

Hawrot-Paw M., Izwikow M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 1

119--122

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the cellulolytic activity of a strain of Trichoderma viride in the presence of three lignocellulosic substrates, i.e. wheat, barley, and maize straw, in different temperatures (25 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C). Research related to the biosynthesis of enzymes was conducted using the deep method, whereas enzyme activity was assessed on solid media with added carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The assessment was based on the activity index (AI) determined for each object of research. The obtained results indicate that T. viride produces cellulolytic enzymes, and that their level of activity depends on the type of material introduced into the culture as a lignocellulosic substrate as well as on the temperature. The highest value of AI was found in objects with added maize straw. The optimal temperature for the biosynthesis of cellulolytic enzymes equalled 30 °C.

3

Grzyby mikroskopowe jako czynnik zagrażający trwałości papieru oraz zdrowiu pracowników w pomieszczeniach bibliotecznych i archiwalnych

Skóra J., Gutarowska B., Koziróg A.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2011

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R. 67, nr 12

755-762

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki analiz ilości oraz rodzaju grzybów mikroskopowych obecnych w powietrzu pomieszczeń archiwalnych i bibliotecznych oraz na powierzchniach akt, książek i tektury opakowaniowej. Oceniono aktywność celulolityczną zdiagnozowanych grzybów, a także potencjalne zagrożenie zdrowotne dla pracowników. Wytypowano gatunki grzybów będące wskaźnikami mykologicznego zanieczyszczenia powietrza i wyrobów papierniczych w magazynach papieru.

EN

The results of analysis of the quantity and species of microscopic fungi present in the air of libraries, archives and on the files surfaces of books and cardboard packagings were presented. Cellulolytic activity of diagnosed fungi and the potential health risks for workers were assessed. Fungi species have been indicated, which are the indicators of fungal contamination of the air and paper products in warehouses.

4

Cellulolytic Activity of Microflora in Soil Contaminated with Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Hawrot-Paw M., Czapla M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 8

913-918

EN

This study evaluated the influence of contamination with aromatic hydrocarbons on the efficacy of cellulose decomposition with the use of soil cellulolytic microorganisms. In the experiments we used the monoaromatic hydrocarbons rrom BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene and xylene - a mixture) and polycyclic compounds (naphthalene and anthracene) used in the following concentrations: 100, 1.000 and 10.000 mg o kg-1 d.m. of soil. We found out that usually the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons stimulated the cellulolytic activity of soil microflora - the higher activity was noted in the soil contaminated with PAH (anthracene). The percentage of cellulose decomposition was increased along with the increase of monoaromatic hydrocarbon dosage (except toluene); a similar dependence was not noted for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).

PL

W pracy określano wpływ zanieczyszczenia węglowodorami aromatycznymi na efektywność rozkładu błonnika przy udziale celulolitycznych mikroorganizmów glebowych. W doświadczeniach wykorzystano węglowodory monoarotnatyczne z grupy BTEX (benzen, toluen, etyiobenzen i ksylen - mieszanina) oraz wielopierścieniowe (naftalen i antracen), które stosowano w stężeniach 0. 100, 1000 i 10000 g o kg-1 s.m. gleby. Stwierdzono, że na ogół obecność węglowodorów aromatycznych stymulowała celulolityczną aktywność mikroflory glebowej - większą aktywność odnotowano w glebie zanieczyszczonej naftalenem i antracenem. Procent rozkładu błonnika zwiększał się wraz ze wzrostem dawki węglowodorów monoaromatycznych (z wyjątkiem toluenu); podobnej zależności nie odnotowano dla węglowodorów wielopierścieniowych.

5

Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of selected bacterial strains

Wierzba S., Latała A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2007

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Vol. 9, nr 2

68-72

EN

In these studies we attempted to evaluate the lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic activity of bacterial strains isolated from water and the bottom sediments of Turawa Lake. The following bacterial genera prevailed among the isolated strains: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Cellulomonas and Cytophaga. The lipolytic activity was determined using a titrimetric method, the proteolytic activity - using a modified Anson method, and the cellulolytic activity - on the basis of mass decrement of a cellulose disk after 14 days of bacterial culture. The cultures were maintained at 28°C, pH 7.0 with the following substrates: olive oil, albumin and cellulose disk. Among the analysed microorganisms, Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains showed the highest lipolytic and proteolytic activity. In the cellulolytic assay Cytophaga bacteria showed about twofold higher activity than that of Celulomonas.