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Changes in the Structure of Myco- and Microbiocenosis of Soil with Use of Fungi and Bacteria Strains Immobilized on Biochar as an Example of Ecosystem Maintenance Services

Oliferchuk Viktorija, Fedorovych Dariya, Samarska Mariia, Bunetskyi Vladimir, Samborskyy Markiyan, Kachor Anna, Kurylenko Olena, Olejniuk-Puchniak Oksana, Kendzora Nataliia, Hotsii Nataliya

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 6

42--52

During recent decades the importance of ecosystems management services and maintenance have became paramount. We have proposed and implemented the technology of mycocenosis regulation of the rhizosphere of walnut nursery plants. Biotechnology involves inoculation before planting the roots of tree plants with the mycorrhizal drug Mikovital, which contains strains of the fungus Tuber melanosporum VS 1223 and the ascomycete Vitasergia svidasoma. Also it was applied in the combination with Florabacillin, which contains live cells of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The introduction of the mycorrhizal remedy into the rhizosphere of the walnut contributed to the change of such ecological characteristics of mycocenoses as the length and biomass of the fungal mycelium and the number of spores. To increase the efficiency of mycorrhization, an immobilization medium biochar with fungi and bacteria was used (Mikovital + Florabacillin + biochar). After use of this soil improvement complex in the rhizosphere of plants, the length of fungal mycelium increased by 8–10 times, and biomass by 5–7 times, in comparison with the rhizosphere of walnut on the control plot. Based on the dominance indices we had seen a signifficant increase in species diversity, which confirms the positive effect of immobilization of fungal cells and bacteria on the biochar. Optimum concentrations of 0.2% biochar additive to the Mikovital. It also have reduced the number of pathogens in the rhizobiome of the treated plants. The created harmoniously functioning ecosystem of the nut nursery as the result of above experiments will provide further self-regulation of this local natural ecosystem, as evidenced by the development of plants, their appearance and growth, as well as previous studies in the hazelnut garden. Mechanisms for bioregulation of soil and plant ecosystems have effectively included the use of man-made technology to stimulate natural mechanisms.

Optymalizacja procesu immobilizacji komórek Saccharomyces cerevisiae w żelu alginianowym

Rombel-Bryzek A., Zhuk O., Latała A.

Proceedings of ECOpole

2016

Vol. 10, No. 1

289--297

Celem prezentowanych badań była ocena wpływu dwuwartościowych kationów wapnia, magnezu i baru, na zdolność sieciowania żelu alginianowego, stosowanego do unieruchamiania komórek Saccharomyces cerevisiae, oraz oznaczenie aktywności enzymatycznej dehydrogenazy bursztynianowej w immobilizowanych komórkach. Do immobilizacji komórek Saccharomyces cerevisiae wykorzystywano zawiesinę komórek drożdży w alginianie sodu, który następnie żelowano roztworami chlorku wapnia (2, 5, 10 i 30%), chlorku baru (1, 2, 3, 4 i 5%) oraz chlorku magnezu (5%). Aktywność dehydrogenazy bursztynianowej badano spektrofotometrycznie i mierzono za pomocą ilości zredukowanego błękitu metylenowego (sztuczny akceptor elektronów). Uzyskane wyniki ujawniły, że zarówno stężenie, jak i rodzaj stosowanych jonów mają istotny wpływ na stopień usieciowania żelu alginianowego i w konsekwencji na aktywność enzymatyczną SDH w unieruchomionych komórkach. Spośród zastosowanych kationów metali zdolne do sieciowania alginianu były jony wapnia i baru. Ponadto okazało się, że kationy baru charakteryzują się silniejszym powinowactwem do alginianu, dając silniej usieciowany żel alginianowy. Wykazano, że zbyt silne usieciowane alginianu może ograniczać wymianę substancji między żelem alginianowym a roztworem mieszaniny reakcyjnej i, w konsekwencji, zaburzać przebieg reakcji enzymatycznej.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of divalent cations, calcium, magnesium and barium, for the ability to crosslink the alginate gel. The alginate gel was used to immobilize cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzymatic activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the immobilized cells was determined. A suspension of yeast cells in sodium alginate, was gelation by solutions of calcium chloride (2, 5, 10 and 30%), barium chloride (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) and magnesium chloride (5%). Succinate dehydrogenase activity was tested spectrophotometrically and measured using a reduced amount of methylene blue (an artificial electron acceptor). The results revealed that both the concentration and type of ions employed are important to the degree of cross-linking of the alginate gel and consequently on the enzymatic activity of the SDH immobilized cells. Among the used metal cations capable of crosslinking the alginate are calcium and barium. It was also shown that the barium cations have a stronger affinity for the alginate, to give highly crosslinked alginate gel. It has been shown that too strong cross-linked alginate may limit the exchange of substances between the alginate gel and the solution of the reaction mixture, and consequently interfere with the course of the enzymatic reaction.