The problem is how to assess normal stresses around dynamically driven nails. Pull-out tests show that these stresses are much higher than it would follow from classical analyses. Therefore, an analysis of the cavity expansion method was applied to study this problem. It was shown that the cavity expansion method, widely applied in soil mechanics, suffers from many shortcomings. It was also shown that this method is not closely related to cone penetration tests, nor to the technology of dynamic soil nailing.
The paper presents numerical solution to the problem of the symmetri quasi-static large-strain expansion of a cylindrical cavity in sand. The boundary value problem is solved with the use of a constitutive equation of hypoplasticity calibrated for a particular sand. As the radius of the cavity increases, the stresses and the density on the cavity surface asymptotically approach limit values which correspond to a so-called critical state of the sand. The limit values depend on the initial stresses and the initial density. The solutions are compared with experimental results for the same sand available in the literature. A comparison is also made with numerical solutions obtained by other authors.
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