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PL
Artykuł przedstawia wstępne wyniki badań wytrzymałości na zginanie oraz ściskanie innowacyjnych materiałów geopolimerowych. Geopolimery zostały wykonane według dwóch receptur. Pierwszy produkt był próbą kontrolną (odniesienia), a drugi - próbą modyfikowaną (docelową). Przedstawione zostały również wyniki badań gęstości otrzymanych materiałów budowlanych. Wykazano możliwości zastąpienia czystych chemicznie substratów w procesie geopolimeryzacji materiałami odpadowymi.
EN
The article presents the preliminary results of bending and compressive strength tests of innovative geopolymer materials. Geopolymers were made according to two recipes. The first product was the control (reference) sample and the second was the modified (target) sample. The results of density tests of the obtained building materials were also presented. The possibilities of replacing chemically pure substrates in the geopolymerization process with waste materials have been demonstrated.
EN
The results of laboratory scale research have been presented on the effects of ozonation of carrier gas containing NOx and SO2 on by-products trapped in Dreschel washers with solution of sodium hydroxide. The controlling parameter in this process was the ozonation intensity determined by the molar ratio O3/NOx. The measured by-products in a scrubber were SO32- , SO42- , NO2- and NO3- ions. It has been shown that ozonation of flue gas favours oidation of nitrites to nitrates and sulfites to sulfates in alkaline solution. Some of these results were confirmed in a pilot scale studies. Pilot plant was located in Wroclaw CHP (Combined Heat and Power), which provided flue gas for testing at a rate of 200 m3/h from the OP-430 boiler. Exhaust gases were ozonized and captured simultaneously with SO2. Sodium hydroxide was used in a pilot scale as an absorbent.
EN
The aims of the current study is to investigate the constraint of using caustic soda in water treatment and evaluating its performance in water softening, compared to other chemical group, including lime and sodium carbonate. Based on mass balance of reactants in the caustic softening process, a mathematical relation for expressing the constraint of using caustic soda in water softening was derived. To evaluate caustic soda performance in water softening and proving the derived relation as well, some experimental works on some water sources including well water and clarifier’s inlet water in two oil refineries were performed. The results showed that compared to lime- sodium carbonate, the caustic soda is the best choice for water softening, however, using caustic soda in water softening, while restrictive mathematical relation doesn’t verify the chemical characteristics of water, could lead to an extreme increase in alkalinity.
5
Content available Wodorotlenek sodu – metoda oznaczania
PL
Metoda polega na pobraniu związku na filtr nitrocelulozowy, mineralizacji filtra i oznaczeniu sodu metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej w płomieniu acetylen-powietrze. Oznaczalność metody wynosi 0,024 mg/m3.
EN
The method is based on stopping selected sodium hydroxide on a membrane filter, mineralizing the sample with concentrated nitric acid and preparing the solution for analysis in diluted nitric acid. Sodium hydroxide in the solution is determined as sodium with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit of determined sodium hydroxide for this method is 0.024 mg/m.
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