Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Effect of Varied NPK Fertilization on Catalase Activity of Amaranth (Amaranthus Cruentus L.)

Skwaryło-Bednarz B., Krzepiłko A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2013

|

Vol. 20, nr 2

321-329

EN

A study was carried out on the effect of varied NPK fertilization on catalase activity per gram fresh weight of the leaves of two varieties of amaranth, Rawa and Aztek, at different developmental stages (seedling, five-leaf, flowering and mature seed), as well as in the seeds. Amaranth was grown in a field experiment in southeast Poland, at wide-row spacing on good wheat complex soil. The following combinations of macronutrient levels were applied: I - 50 kg N ? ha-1, 40 kg P ? ha-1, 40 kg K ? ha-1, II - 70 kg N ? ha-1, 50 kg P ? ha-1, 50 kg K ? ha-1, III - 90 kg N ? ha-1, 60 kg P ? ha-1, 60 kg K ? ha-1 and IV - 130 kg N ? ha-1, 70 kg P ? ha-1, 70 kg K ? ha-1. The study showed that catalase activity exhibited a downward trend during the vegetation period of amaranth. The highest catalase activity was noted in the leaves during the first stage, ie the seedling stage. Increasing levels of NPK led to an increase in catalase activity. Leaves of the Rawa variety had higher catalase activity than those of the Aztek variety at every stage of development. The level of catalase activity in the amaranth seeds was also significantly affected by fertilization and the variety of amaranth. Higher levels of the fertilizers caused an increase in catalase activity in the seeds.

PL

Badano wpływ zróżnicowanego nawożenia NPK na aktywność katalazy w świeżej masie liści dwóch odmian amarantusa (Rawa i Aztek) w różnych fazach rozwojowych (faza siewki, faza piątego liścia, faza pełni kwitnienia i faza pełni dojrzałości nasion) oraz w nasionach. W doświadczeniu polowym uprawiano szarłat w rozstawie szerokorzędowej na glebie kompleksu pszennego dobrego, w południowo-wschodniej części Polski. Zastosowano następujące kombinacje dawek makroskładników: I - 50 kg N ź ha–1, 40 kg P ź ha–1, 40 kg K ź ha–1, II - 70 kg N ź ha–1, 50 kg P ź ha–1, 50 kg K ź ha–1, III - 90 kg N ź ha–1, 60 kg P ź ha–1, 60 kg K ź ha–1 oraz IV - 130 kg N ź ha–1, 70 kg P ź ha–1, 70 kg K ź ha–1. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, iż aktywność katalazy wykazywała tendencję malejącą w okresie wegetacji amarantusa. Najwyższą aktywnością katalazy cechowała się świeża masa liści w pierwszej badanej fazie - fazie siewki. Wzrostowi aktywności katalazy sprzyjało nawożenie wzrastającymi dawkami NPK. Liście odmiany Rawa cechowały się większą aktywnością katalazy niż Aztek i to niezależnie od fazy rozwojowej. Na poziom aktywności katalazy w nasionach amarantusa istotny wpływ miało także nawożenie oraz odmiana. Większe dawki nawozów powodowały wzrost poziomu aktywności katalazy w nasionach.

2

Soil properties and microbial activity changes along spruce forest succession in an abandoned grassland

Gomoryova E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2007

|

Vol. 55, nr 3

457-467

EN

The effects of the colonization of an abandoned grassland by forest trees and the associated microenvironmental changes on soil properties and the microbial activity of soil were studied along a 170 m transect established on a former pasture colonized by Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) in Central Slovakia. The transect with a 5x5 m grid of sampling points crosses all successional stages from a closed forest to an open grassland, representing 50 years of secondary succession. Changes of basal soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration and soil catalase activity in association with tree density, light and temperature regime were examined, and their relationships with chemical soil properties were documented. Generally, light conditions, tree influence and soil temperatures were highly significantly correlated with the distance from the lower transect edge, but the correlation coefficients were not very high (|r| ranged between 0.37 and 0.70), indicating that the microsite conditions within the transect are strongly heterogeneous. With the advance of colonization, the amount of soil organic matter was found to increase, probably in association with a higher amount and a lower quality of litter. Catalase activity exhibits a linear trend along the transect, which is explained by a lower direct insolation of soils (r = 0.28***) and decreasing temperatures (r = 0.36***) in the upper part. Basal respiration is the lowest in the middle of the transect, where colonizing spruces form a dense closed stand with soil covered by a thick layer of raw litter. Both in the lower part covered by species-rich grassland communities and in the upper part, where forest herb species begin to establish, basal respiration is higher, probably due to higher amounts of easily decomposable plant material. In addition to these transect-wide trends, stationary spatial patterns were observed for most soil variables. Generally, microbial activity rates as well as chemical soil properties exhibited spatial continuity up to the distance of approx. 40 to 60 m.

3

Small-scale variation of microbial activities in a forest soil under a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand

Gömöryová E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2004

|

Vol. 52, nr 3

311-321

EN

To evaluate the small-scale (100 m^2) spatial variability of selected soil biological properties in a beech stand and the influence of soil properties on soil microbial activity, we collected soil samples on April 2, July 2 and October 30 (2002) from three (9 x 10 m) plots, distributed on a 1x1 m grid, from the top 10 cm of the mineral soil (A horizon). In soil samples, soil respiration and catalase activity were measured. Within-plot coefficients of variation of catalase activity varied from 19 to 23%, those of soil respiration rate ranged from 37 to 54%. Catalase activity exhibited highly significant correlations with soil reaction, whereas soil respiration rate correlated with moisture and humus content. Soil respiration rates appear to be randomly distributed over the sampling area. On the other hand, catalase activity exhibits a rather distinct patchy structure. No relationships between the position of trees and soil respiration rates were found. For catalase activities, the highest values were observed on transsections of perimeters of dominant-tree crowns.

4

Changes in the Iron Content and Soil Catalase Activity as Caused by Differentiated Fertilization

Koper J., Piotrowska A., Siwik-Ziomek A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2003

|

Vol. 10, nr 3-4

259-263

EN

Soil enzymatic activity has been considered a biological indicator of soil activity enabling an objective evaluation of its fertility. Because of its overwhelming occurrence catalase [EC 1.11.1.6] can characterize biological reIations undergoing in soil. Iron affects the enzyme conformation and enables its connection with a substrate. The objective of this study was to determine effects of a long-term differentiated organic-mineral fertilization on the iron content and dehydrogenase activity as depending on the soil sampling period. Long-term organic-mineral fertilization caused changes in soil catalase activity. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the iron content and catalase activity.

PL

Aktywność enzymatyczna gleby uważana jest za biologiczny wskaźnik aktywności gleby umożliwiający dokonanie obiektywnej oceny stanu żyzności gleby. Katalaza (EC 1.11.1.6) ze względu na powszechność występowania może charakteryzować stosunki biologiczne zachodzące w glebie. Żelazo wpływa na konformację enzymu i ułatwia jego połączenie z substratem. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu zróżnicowanego nawożenia organiczno-mineralnego na zawartość żelaza oraz aktywność katalazy w zależności od terminu pobrania próbek glebowych. Zróżnicowane nawożenie organiczno-mineralne wpływało na aktywność katalazy glebowej. Analiza korelacji wykazała istotne zależności pomiędzy zawartością żelaza a aktywnością katalazy.