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2 2013

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Application of shape analysis to the assessment of geometrical properties of grains in the selected species of spring cereals

Borusiewicz Andrzej, Drożyner Paulina

Machine Graphics and Vision

2013

Vol. 22, No. 1/4

3--15

The competition in many branches of industry including agriculture has grown as a result of Polish access to the European Union. It resulted in the intense research development in order to intensify production processes and improve the quality of the ﬁnal product. One of the methods which might be helpful in this process is the shape analysis. This method makes it possible to measure selected properties of materials in a very precise way. The paper presents the possibilities of computer analysis in the research of grain geometrical features of 128 species of cereals. The program ImageJ was used. It enabled us to deﬁne surface, perimeter, width, height and circular projection of every caryopsis. Shape analysis also helps to deﬁne basic values of the tested features of caryopsis species. Signiﬁcant diﬀerences between the shape of tested cereals species were indicated. However, signiﬁcant diﬀerences between varieties of the same species were not found. Barley grain had the largest average surface while rye grain had the smallest one. Winter barley grain had the largest perimeter and spring wheat had the smallest one. Oat was characterized by the longest average length while spring wheat had the smallest one. Winter barley had the largest grain width and rye had the smallest one. Spring wheat grain is the most circular while oat grain is the less circular one. Taking into consideration the data mentioned above, one can use them in the production of equipment and machines used for seed planting, selection, segregation of cereal seeds both in agriculture as well as in agricultural and food processing industry.

Metodologiczne aspekty pomiaru twardości ziarniaka kukurydzy

Czachor G., Bohdziewicz J.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

2013

R. 17, nr 4, t. 1

53--62

W pracy opisano modyfikowaną metodę pomiaru twardości wybranych fragmentów ziarniaka kukurydzy oznaczoną jako HVR. Istotą tej metody jest test realizowany na maszynie typu Instron z wykorzystaniem wgłębnika Vickersa. Test składa się z czterech następujących po sobie faz z uwzględnieniem opróżnionej sprężystej reakcji tkanki. Badano twardość skrajnych ze względu na cechy mechaniczne elementów budowy ziarniaka kukurydzy odmiany Labor, tj. okrywę owocowo-nasienną i zarodek. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań optymalizowano parametry testu z uwzględnieniem zróżnicowania anatomicznego i morfologicznego badanego obiektu. Ustalono następujące optymalne parametry testu: obciążenie zasadnicze 10 N, czas trwania fazy pełzania 300 s a czas fazy relaksacji 30 s.

The paper presents a modified method of measuring hardness of maize caryopsis marked as HVR. The essence of this method is a test carried out on the machine of Instron type with the use of Vickers microindenter. The test consists of four subsequent stages including an emptied elastic reaction of tissue. Hardness of border elements of caryopis structure of Labor maize, on account of mechanical properties that is fruit-seed coat and a seed was tested. Based on the research, which was carried out, parameters of the test were optimized including anatomical and morphological diversity of the tested object. The following optimal parameters of the test were determined: basic load of 10 N, duration of creeping stage 300 s and relaxation stage time 30 s.