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Acoustic emission diagnosis for human joint cartilage diseases

Wierzcholski K.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2015

Vol. 17, no. 4

139--148

Purpose: The topic of the presented paper concerns the diagnosis of the wear and diseases of human joint cartilage performed by the acoustic waves emission. The aim of this paper is the determining of the necessary parameters for the diagnosis about the wear and diseases of human joint cartilage. Material And Method: To the research methods used in this paper belong the evaluation of measurement results of the cartilage surface samples obtained by means of laser and mechanical sensor and acoustic emission wave might or voltage gained from the AE apparatus during the treatments performed for normal and pathological used and not used human knee and hip joints. Results: The results concern with the corollaries which are implied from reading values gained by virtue of the acoustic emission Apparatus, and from observations from cartilage surface pictures obtained from laser and mechanical sensors. The diagnose of concrete cartilage illness depends on the proper relative values of obtained strongest of generated AE wave as well as the shapes and amplitudes of acoustic waves and wave frequencies. Conclusions: The main conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows: connections between synovial fluid dynamic viscosity or friction forces and intensity of acoustic emission values, the determination of the type of lesions and deformations of the human joint cartilage surface by means of the shapes architecture of the acoustic emission waves. Moreover are indicated the necessary conditions for the diagnosis of the such dieses as: pathological cartilage with arthritic or osteoporosis or rheumatology changes.

Stochastyczne, nieizotermiczne smarowanie stawu biodrowego z odkształcalną chrząstką

Wierzcholski K.

Tribologia

2005

nr 4

309-322

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono metodę rozwiązywania problemu nieizotermicznego smarowania naturalnych stawów biodrowych oraz endoprotez z uwzględnieniem deformacji powierzchni stawowych oraz związanych z tym faktem efektów losowych. Przedstawiono również wyniki pomiarów powierzchni głów kostnych na aparacie Rank Taylor Hobson-Talyscan 150. Uzyskane wyniki doświadczalne zostały opracowane z użyciem programu komputerowego TALYMAP Expert oraz Microsoft Excel.

The determination of hydrodynamic lubrication of artificial metal endoprothesis and the elastohydrodynamic lubrication of articular human hip joints, leads to the precise analysis of irregularities and inequalities of joint cooperating surfaces with exactness of one micrometer or even more than one micrometer for the boundary friction. The measurements of the bone head surfaces are performed by micro sensor laser installed in the Rank Taylor Hobson-Talyscan 150 Apparatus and then elaborated by means of the TALYMAP Expert and Microsoft Excel Computer Program. From 29 measured samples the following statistical parameters St, Sz, Sa are calculated: St, Sz, Sa of surface roughness expressed in micrometers. Cooperating surfaces of human hip joint are coated by the hyaline, non-transparent, damp and rough cartilage with hyper elastic properties [1],[2]. The gap height between cooperating surfaces of human joints has value from 60 to 200 microns. According to this fact the inequalities with depth about some microns have important meaning during the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication. The earliest visible sign of osteoarthritis is localized fibrillation or disruption of the most superficial layers of the articular cartilage (see Fig.1 and Fig.2). As the disease progresses, more of the articular surface becomes roughened and irregular, and fibrillation extends deeper into the cartilage until it reaches subchondral bone. As the cartilage fissures grow deeper, the superficial tips of the fibrillated cartilage tear, releasing free fragments into the joint space and decreasing the cartilage thickness. At the same time, enzymatic degradation of matrix may further decrease the cartilage volume. On the ground of performed measurements it is easy to see that the asperities of the artificial joint surfaces are more smaller than asperities occurring in articular bone surfaces of human hip joints.