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1
Content available A holistic approach to the total energy and cost for carbon capture and sequestration
Michaelides Efstathios E.
Archives of Thermodynamics
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2024
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Vol. 45, no 1
5--16
EN
Carbon capture and sequestration from a stationary source comprises four distinct engineering processes: separation of CO2 from the other flue gases, compression, transportation, and injection into the chosen storage site. An analysis of the thermodynamic and transport properties of CO2 shows that dissolving this gas in seawater at depths more than 600 m is, most likely, an optimal long-term storage method; and that for transportation, the CO2 must be in the denser supercritical state at pressures higher than 7.377 MPa. The separation, compression, transportation, and injection processes require significant energy expenditures, which are determined in this paper using realistic equipment efficiencies, for the cases of two currently in operation coal power plants in Texas. The computations show that the total energy requirements for carbon removal and sequestration are substantial, close to one-third of the energy currently generated by the two power plants. The cost analysis shows that two parameters – the unit cost of the pipeline and the discount factor of the corporation – have a very significant effect on the annualized cost of the CCS process. Doubling the unit cost of the pipeline increases the total annualized cost of the entire CCS project by 36% and increasing the discount rate from 5% to 15% increases this annualized cost by 32%.
2
Content available Thermodynamic analysis of cycle arrangements of the coal-fired thermal power plants with carbon capture
Kindra Vladimir Olegovich, Milukov Igor Alexandrovich, Shevchenko Igor Vladimirovich, Shabalova Sofia Igorevna, Kovalev Dmitriy Sergeevich
Archives of Thermodynamics
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2021
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Vol. 42, no 4
103--121
EN
The electricity production by combustion of organic fuels, especially coal, increases the atmospheric CO2 content, which contributes to global warming. The greenhouse gas emissions by the power production industry may be reduced by the application of CO2 capture and storage systems, but it remarkably decreases the thermal power plant (TPP) efficiency because of the considerable increase of the auxiliary electricity requirements. This paper describes the thermodynamic analysis of a combined cycle TPP with coal gasification and preliminary carbon dioxide capture from the syngas. Utilization of the heat produced in the fuel preparation increases the TPP net efficiency from 42.3% to 47.2%. Moreover, the analysis included the combined cycle power plant with coal gasification and the CO2 capture from the heat recovery steam generator exhaust gas, and the oxy-fuel combustion power cycle with coal gasification. The coal-fired combined cycle power plant efficiency with the preliminary CO2 capture from syngas is 0.6% higher than that of the CO2 capture after combustion and 9.9% higher than that with the oxy-fuel combustion and further CO2 capture. The specific CO2 emissions are equal to 103 g/kWh for the case of CO2 capture from syngas, 90 g/kWh for the case of CO2 capture from the exhaust gas and 9 g/kWh for the case of oxy-fuel combustion.
3
Content available Thermodynamic analysis of an innovative steam turbine power plant with oxy-methane combustors
Kindra Vladimir Olegovich, Osipov Sergey Konstantinovich, Zlyvko Olga Vladimirovna, Shcherbatov Igor Alexandrovich, Sokolov Vladimir Petrovich
Archives of Thermodynamics
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2021
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Vol. 42, no 4
123--140
EN
The Rankine cycle steam turbine power plants make a base for world electricity production. The efficiency of modern steam turbine units is not higher than 43–45%, which is remarkably lower compared to the combined cycle power plants. However, an increase in steam turbine power plant efficiency could be achieved by the rise of initial cycle parameters up to ultra-supercritical values: 700–780˚C, 30–35 MPa. A prospective steam superheating technology is the oxy-fuel combustion heating in a sidemounted combustor located in the steam pipelines. This paper reviews thermal schemes of steam turbine power plants with one or two side-mounted steam superheaters. An influence of the initial steam parameters on the facility thermal efficiency was identified and primary and secondary superheater parameters were optimized. It was found that the working fluid superheating in the side-mounted oxy-methane combustors leads to an increase of thermal efficiency higher than that with the traditional boiler superheating in the initial temperature ranges of 700–780˚C and 660–780˚C by 0.6% and 1.4%, respectively.
4
Content available Metan z procesów Power to Gas – ekologiczne paliwo do zasilania silników spalinowych
Dobras S., Więcław-Solny L., Wilk A., Tatarczuk A.
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
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2018
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nr 104
97--105
PL
W artykule przedstawiono stan rynku sprężonego gazu ziemnego jako alternatywnego paliwa do zasilania silników w transporcie, zwrócono uwagę na wymagania dyrektyw Unii Europejskiej oraz obecny stan spełnienia złożonych deklaracji. Zwrócono uwagę na aspekt ekonomiczny i przedstawiono orientacyjne koszty przejechania 10 tys. km na różnych paliwach. Omówiono proces PtG (Power to Gas) wykorzystujący energię elektryczną (produkcja wodoru) oraz ditlenek węgla wychwycony ze spalin bloku węglowego do produkcji syntetycznego metanu. Zaprezentowano schemat instalacji ze wskazaniem jego najistotniejszych składowych, oraz zwrócono uwagę na wzajemne uzupełnianie się technologii PtG z technologią wychwytu ditlenku węgla. Przedstawiono korzyści płynące z produkcji syntetycznego metanu. Opisane zostało zastosowanie sprężonego gazu ziemnego do zasilania silników w pojazdach. Skupiono się na drodze jednopaliwowego zasilania CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) w silnikach autobusów i samochodów ciężarowych, zwracając szczególną uwagę na aspekt ekologiczny zastosowanych rozwiązań. Pokazano, iż stosowanie sprężonego gazu ziemnego pozwoli ograniczyć niemalże o 100% emisję cząstek stałych z procesu spalania. Podano wady i zalety zasilania alternatywnym paliwem. Następnie przeanalizowano aspekt dwupaliwowego zasilania silników wysokoprężnych na przykładzie mniejszego silnika. Pokazano stopień ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych związków z procesu spalania. Na koniec zwrócono uwagę na możliwy efekt skali, powołując się na ilość pojazdów silnikowych w Polsce.
EN
The article presents the current state of the CNG market used as an alternative fuel for car engines. Attention was paid to European Union directives requirements and the current state of the directives’ fulfillment. The economic aspect of CNG usage was analyzed and the approximate costs of driving 10,000 km on different fuels in the last four years were presented. The PtG process which uses electric energy (hydrogen production) and carbon dioxide captured from the flue gas for the production of synthetic methane were discussed. The scheme of the SNG plant with the indication of its most important components was presented, and attention was paid to the mutual complementation of PtG technologies with carbon dioxide capture technology. The benefits of synthetic methane production are presented and the use of compressed natural gas to power engines in vehicles has been described. First, the focus was on the single-fuel use of CNG in bus and truck engines, paying particular attention to the ecological aspect of the implemented solutions. It has been shown that the use of compressed natural gas will reduce almost 100% of the particulates emission from the combustion process. The advantages and disadvantages of the alternative fuel supply are given. Next, the aspect of dual-fuel use in diesel engines was analyzed on the example of a smaller engine. The degree of reduction of harmful compounds emission from the combustion process is shown. Finally, attention was paid to the possible scale effect, referring to the number of motor vehicles in Poland.
5
Content available Energy and economic analysis of the carbon dioxide capture installation with the use of monoethanolamine and ammonia
Bochon K., Chmielniak T.
Archives of Thermodynamics
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2015
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Vol. 36, no. 1
93--110
EN
In the study an accurate energy and economic analysis of the carbon capture installation was carried out. Chemical absorption with the use of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia was adopted as the technology of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from flue gases. The energy analysis was performed using a commercial software package to analyze the chemical processes. In the case of MEA, the demand for regeneration heat was about 3.5 MJ/kg of CO2, whereas for ammonia it totalled 2 MJ/kg CO2. The economic analysis was based on the net present value (NPV) method. The limit price for CO2 emissions allowances at which the investment project becomes profitable (NPV = 0) was more than 160 PLN/Mg for MEA and less than 150 PLN/Mg for ammonia. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to determine the limit price of CO2 emissions allowances depending on electricity generation costs at different values of investment expenditures.
6
Content available Wpływ natężenia przepływu gazu i cieczy na sprawność absorpcji CO2 w 30% roztworze monoetanoloaminy
Krótki A., Śpiewak D., Więcław-Solny L., Wilk A., Tatarczuk A.
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
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2014
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Nr 1
23--26
PL
Przedstawiono badania wpływu obciążenia kolumny absorpcyjnej gazem i cieczą na efektywność i energochłonność procesu absorpcji CO2 w 30% roztworze monoetanoloaminy. Instalacja laboratoryjna pracowała w sposób ciągły w układzie absorpcja-desorpcja. Badano strumień powietrza o zawartości 12+14% obj. CO2. Strumień gazu zmieniano w zakresie 3+6 mn3/h, a strumień cieczy absorbującej w zakresie 20+60 dm3/h. Moc grzałki kolumny desorpcyjnej zmieniano w zakresie 1500+3000 W. Określono sprawność usuwania CO2 z gazu oraz zapotrzebowanie cieplne procesu.
EN
Influence of gas and liquid flow on carbon dioxide absorption efficiency in 30% monoethanoloamine solution was presented in the paper. Research was carried out in a small laboratory installation working in a continuous mode. The study involved 3+6 m3n/h gas stream flow containing 12+14% carbon dioxide by volume in air and 20+60 dm3/h absorbent flow. A stripping column was heated by the electric heater with controlled power input between 1500 to 3000 W. The research allowed one to determine the CO2 removal efficiency and process heat demand per kg of CO2 removed.
7
Analiza możliwości integracji elektrociepłowni na parametry supernadkrytyczne z instalacją wychwytu dwutlenku węgla
Kotowicz J., Łukowicz P.
Rynek Energii
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2013
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Nr 4
56--61
PL
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję elektrociepłowni z turbiną upustowo-kondensacyjną na supernadkrytyczne parametry pary 30MPa/650◦C/670◦C. Przyjęto, że nominalną moc elektryczną 320 MW turbozespół ciepłowniczy będzie osiągał dla minimalnego obciążenia ciepłowniczego wynoszącego 50 MW. Przedstawiono podstawowe wskaźniki termodynamiczne tego bloku dla warunków projektowych oraz dla maksymalnego obciążenia upustu ciepłowniczego turbiny. Określono możliwości integracji tej elektrociepłowni z instalacją wychwytu dwutlenku węgla (CCS), wykorzystującą metodę absorpcji chemicznej. Przedstawiono sposób wyboru miejsca poboru pary, będącej nośnikiem ciepła grzejnego potrzebnego do regeneracji sorbentu w instalacji wychwytu. Przeanalizowano wskaźniki pracy elektrociepłowni zintegrowanej z instalacją wychwytu i porównano je ze wskaźnikami pracy elektrociepłowni bez CCS.
EN
The article presents a concept of a combined heat and power plant with a steam turbine operating on supercritical steam at parameters of 30MPa/650◦C/670◦C. Nominal electric power is assumed at 320 MW whereas the nominal heating power was set at 50 MW. An analysis between the design (nominal conditions) and an off-design point at a maximum heating power is carried out by means of thermodynamic coefficients. Possibilities of the power plant integration with a CO2 chemical absorption installation are examined in terms of heating steam extraction point selection since the carbon capture unit (CCU) requires heat for its operation. Finally a comparison between the plant without a CCU and a CCU equipped one is carried out by means of thermodynamic coefficients.
8
Content available remote The influence of CO2 capture and compression on the economic characteristics of a combined cycle power plant
Kotowicz J., Brzęczek M.
Journal of Power Technologies
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2013
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Vol. 93, nr 5
314--322
EN
This paper presents the results of an economic analysis of a triple-pressure combined cycle power plant with the steam reheater (3PR). The economic analysis was performed for two variants of the block - with and without the integration of the system with the installation of CO2 capture and compression. The structures of the triple-pressure combined cycle power plant with the steam reheater and CO2 capture and compression installation (CCS) was presented. The characteristic values of systems and the economic assumptions were summarized. An analysis of a break-even point (BEP), which was the minimum selling price for electricity, was performed. A sensitivity analysis of individual components to a break-even price of electricity and the impact of degradation of the efficiency and the power characteristics of the combined cycle power plant was conducted.
9
The Comparison of Microalgae and Different Crops in Biofuel Production
Zabochnicka-Świątek M., Sławik L.
Archivum Combustionis
|
2012
|
Vol. 32 nr 1-2
17--34
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