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Sediment Accretion and Total Organic Carbon Accumulation Among Different Mangrove Vegetation Communities in the Kamora Estuary of Mimika Regency, Papua, Indonesia

Setyadi Gesang, Sugianto Denny Nugroho, Wijayanti Diah Permata, Pribadi Rudhi, Supardy Eddy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 11

142--156

EN

A sediment accretion and carbon accumulation study was carried out in Kamora Estuary, Mimika Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia, to determine the accretion rate and total organic carbon loading in the area as well their correlation with geographical setting and mangrove aerial root type. The sediment stake method was used to measure the elevation changes, whereas the sediment trap method was used to determine sediment accretion and total organic carbon accumulation. Three locations were selected, namely at upstream, middle and downstream the mangrove communities, with each location installed up to 500 m perpendicular to the riverbank. The elevation changes based on sediment stakes were 8.4–12.3 mm year-1. Sediment accretion based on sediment traps was 18.5–25.4 mm year-1 or 1.88–2.98 g cm-2 year-1, while the mean total organic carbon accumulation was 736.8 ±169 g m-2 year-1. The results are higher than those of similar studies in other regions, but they are consistent with other studies in Papua New Guinea. This study found that higher sediment accretion occurred at the riverbank compared with the interior area, while the elevation changes were greater in the upstream area. Higher relative density and higher basal area had a negative correlation with sediment accretion, but the number of roots had a positive correlation with sedimentation. The high sedimentation in the Kamora Estuary is resulting in the expansion of the mangrove forest at a rate of 3% year-1. Assisted mangrove colonization can be applied to expand the mangrove forest, especially considering the use of Rhizophora species, which this study found to be more effective at trapping sediment.

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A study of selected features of Shan Tong variety of plantation paulownia and its wood properties

Kozakiewicz Paweł, Laskowska Agnieszka, Ciołek Sylwia

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2020

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No. 111

116--123

EN

A study of selected features of Shan Tong variety of plantation paulownia and its wood properties. The study was conducted on three-year-old and representative paulownia tree of the Shan Tong variety, from a plantation in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, Poland. The three-year-old paulownia tree was 4.2 m high and its diameter at butt level was of 11 cm. The tree provided material for the study from its three-year-old shoot, which was divided into three parts: leaves, branches and the main trunk. According to calculations, this typical paulownia tree (a three-year-old shoot) from a plantation accumulated 4.664 kg of carbon in the part above the ground level, which corresponds to the absorption of 17.101 kg of CO2 from the atmosphere. Taking into account the underground part of this plant, it can be estimated that it absorbed over 30 kg of CO2 (on average, ca. 10 kg CO2 per year). The density of paulownia wood in absolute dry state was ca. 250 kg/m3. The width of annual growth rings was ca. 1.5 cm. This kind of wood is highly porous, with porosity of about 85% (good thermal insulation), and at the same time it has favourable resistance properties characterized by the modulus of elasticity of 4.05 GPa.

PL

Badanie wybranych cech paulowni odmiany Shan Tong i właściwości drewna. Plantacje szybko rosnących drzew uprawianych w krótkim cyklu zyskują na znaczeniu również w Polsce. Do badań pozyskano typowe drzewo paulowni (trzyletni odrost) odmiany Shan Tong z uprawy plantacyjnej w miejscowości Pilewice w woj. kujawsko-pomorskim. Drzewo to zakumulowało w części nadziemnej, w ciągu trzech lat wzrostu ponad 4,6 kg węgla, co odpowiada pochłonięciu ponad 17 tysięcy kg CO2 z atmosfery. Przeprowadzone analizy cech drewna paulowni jednoznacznie wskazują, że jest to materiał o znaczącym potencjale i możliwych zastosowaniach. Plantacyjne drewno juwenilne paulowni charakteryzuje się gęstością wynoszącą w stanie absolutnie suchym około 250 kg/m3 i wybitnie szerokimi przyrostami rocznymi o średniej szerokości wynoszącej prawie 1,5 cm. Jest to drewno o wysokiej porowatości rzędu 85% (dobrej izolacyjności termicznej), a przy tym o korzystnych, jak na niską gęstość, cechach wytrzymałościowych charakteryzowanych przez moduł sprężystości równy 4,05 GPa. Drewno to wykazuje też korzystne cechy akustyczne, predestynujące do użycia w instrumentach muzycznych. Ograniczeniem w potencjalnym zastosowaniu jest przede wszystkim nadal niewielka średnica trzyletniego pnia. Ograniczenie to, zakładając utrzymującą się dynamikę przyrostową na grubość, powinno zaniknąć po kilkunastu latach uprawy.

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Comparison of the burial rate estimation methods of organic and inorganic carbon and quantification of carbon burial in two high Arctic fjords

Koziorowska K., Kuliński K., Pempkowiak J.

Oceanologia

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2018

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No. 60 (3)

405--418

EN

Quantifying the burial of organic carbon (OC) and inorganic carbon (IC) species in marine sediments contribute to a better understanding of carbon cycle. This is especially important in the Arctic, where carbon deposition is relatively high and expected to change with climate warming. This study aimed to quantify the burial rates of OC and IC in the sediments of two high-latitude fjords – Hornsund and Kongsfjorden (European Arctic). Comparison of the results from three methods quantifying carbon burial in marine sediments was carried out. Sediment cores, pore water, and over-bottom water samples were analyzed for OC and IC. The burial rates were established by considering: carbon deposition to sediments minus carbon return flux, carbon deposited to sediments 80-100 years ago and carbon deposited to sediments recently. The radiolead method was employed for sediment dating. Carbon return flux was obtained using dissolved carbon species concentrations in pore water and over-bottom water. Sediment linear and mass accumulation rates in the fjords were 0.12-0.20 cm y−1 and 1160-2330 g m−2y−1. The OC burial rates were 19.3-30.3 g OC m−2 y−1 in Hornsund and 5.7-10.0 g OC m−2y−1 in Kongsfjorden. IC burial was taken as equal to IC deposition and ranged from 10.7 to 20.8 g IC m−2 y−1 in Hornsund and 19.4-45.7 g IC m−2 y−1 in Kongsfjorden. The “return flux” model seems most appropriate for carbon burial rate studies. The data demonstrated that OC burial dominates in Hornsund, while in Kongsfjorden, IC burial is more important.

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Storage capacity of organic carbon in the reclaimed postmining technosols

Greinert A., Drab M., Śliwińska A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 1

117--127

EN

Soil is a huge reservoir of carbon, which is both organically and chemically bounded. Sequestration ability of soil amounting to 0.9±0.3 Pg C.y-1represents significant item in carbon balance. Reclamation activities aimed at soil creating contributes to the carbon binding in the form of complex compounds. This work characterizes fluctuations of organic carbon in post-lignite-mining sites located in Leknica (Poland, Lubuskie Province) after afforestation with Pinus sylvestris. The results present the situation 25 years after the reclamation field experiment commencement Satisfactory effect in growth and development of pine forest was accomplished by liming and NPK application. After 25 years of the experiment start point, the litter deposition gained 2.5-4.0 cm and the initial humic horizon, lying directly beneath reached 4.0-6.5 cm. An average carbon accumulation in surface litter amounted to 2.86 kg.m-2and in initial humic horizons to 0.68 kg.m-2. This indicates an average sequestration of 130 Mg CO2per 1 ha of reclaimed area.

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Holocene pattern of organic carbon accumulation in a small lake in Estonia

Punning Jaan_Mati, Koff Tiiu, Sakson Maire, Kangur Mihkel

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 1

5-14

EN

A comprehensive study of the sediment profile of L. Viitna Linajarv, a small closed drainage lake located in northern Estonia (59 [deegres] 27.N, 25 [deegres] 01.E), was conducted to assess the impact of water-level changes on the carbon accumulation dynamics in the lake during the Holocene. The variations of the P content, C/N ratio, fossil pigments and diatom communities indicate essential changes in the lake ecosystem history during the Holocene. The results show that on millennial time-scale (10[^3] years) fluctuations of the lake level, concurrent shore erosion and coprecipitation of dissolved organic matter with allochthonous mineral particles were the driving factors in the lake history. Net organic carbon accumulation was [similar to] 30 g m[^-2] yr[^-1] at the beginning of the Holocene (ca 9000 BP), then decreased to 10 g m[^-1] yr[^-1] (5000-2000 BP) and increased in the upper layers (since 1000 BP) up to 60 g m[^-2] yr[^-1].

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Effect of macroarthropods on microbial and faunal numbers and organic matter content in soil

Kajak A., Kusińska A., Stanuszek S., Stefaniak O., Szanser M., Wasylik A., Wasilewska L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 4

339-354

EN

A field exclusion experiment in Arrhenatherrethalia mown meadow was carried out in mesocosms to analyse the role of epigeic, mobile macroarthropods in decomposition processes. A mineral bag technique allowed assessment of annual organic matter accumulation in the sandy substrate of mesocosms. Higher total organic C content was recorded in the top substrate layer (0-3 cm) in mesocosms accessible for macroarthropods, than in closed, inaccessible ones (17 and 23% more, respectively, in the two years), as well as higher amount of C in humus acids (6 and 36% more in two years). Possible reasons for these differences were considered. The total plant biomass, the litter disappearenc3 rate and water content in litter did not differ significantly between the types of mesocosms. In the top layer of mesocosms accessible for macroarthropods higher content of comminuted plant material (38,9 g m^-2) and arthropods feces (12.3 g^-2) were found compared to the amount in closed mesocosms (17,1 and 2,1 g m^-2 respectively). But the particulate organic matter derived from comminuted plant remnants and from fecal pellets accounted, in the period of the highest content, for about a half of the total carbon accumulated in the top substrate layer. In the litter of the open mesocosms reduced number of fungivorous mites and aphids was found, coupled with higher density of bacterivorous nematodes and higher abundance of fungi. The density of fungivorous mites was negatively correlated with the intensity of area patrolling by Araneae (tau = -0.79, P=0,0028) and Staphylinidae (tau = -0.58, P = 0.03). The elimination of aphids was positively correlated with area patrolling by the last group (tau = 0.81, P = 0.005). These results suggest that predation by macroarthropods changed proportions between fungi- and bacteriovorous invertebrates and as a consequence proportions between fungi and bacteria.