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Scaling diminution by heterogeneous crystallization in a filtration element integrated with membrane distillation module

Gryta M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2009

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Vol. 11, nr 2

60-65

EN

Water desalination by membrane distillation is restricted by calcium carbonate precipitation on the membrane surface, what resulted in a progressive decline of the permeate flux. The module rinsing by HCl solution removed this deposit, however, such operation could cause the membrane wettability, associated with lowering of the permeate flux. This phenomenon was inhibited when the membrane modules with prefiltration element, assembled directly at the inlet to module, were used. The salt deposits were formed mainly on the surface of the filtration element (nets area constituted over 10% of the membranes area), what protected the membranes assembled inside the module. The filter efficiency decreased when the deposit layer covered the entire surface of pre-filter element, and after a few hours (period of 10-20 h) the formation of crystallite on the membrane surface was also observed. Therefore, the formed deposit was systematically removed (at every 5 h) from this pre-filter by 3 wt.% HCl solutions. The periodical rinsing of nets by acid did not have a negative influence on the membrane.

2

Sprawność termiczna modułów kapilarnych do destylacji membranowej

Gryta M.

Inżynieria Chemiczna i Procesowa

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2006

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T. 27, z. 1

305-314

PL

Badano efektywność wykorzystania ciepła w procesie destylacji membranowej w modułach kapilarnych o różnej konstrukcji. Sprawność termiczną określono jako stosunek ilości ciepła zużywanego na wytworzenie pary do całkowitej ilości ciepła wymienionej w module membranowym. Zbadano wpływ sposobu ułożenia membran w obudowie modułu oraz warunków jego eksploatacji (temperatura i natężenie przepływu strumieni) na wielkość ocenianego parametru.

EN

The influence of a capillary module design on the effectiveness of heat utilization in the membrane distillation (MD) process has been evaluated. Heat efficiency was defined as a ratio of the latent heat consumed in the evaporation to the total heat exchanged in the membrane module. The dependence of this parameter on the membrane arrangement within the MD capillary module and the working conditions (temperature and flow rates of streams) was investigated.

3

Removal of detergents from industrial wastewater in ultrafiltration process

Kowalska I., Kabsch-Korbutowicz M., Majewska-Nowak K., Pietraszek M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2005

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Vol. 31, nr 3-4

207-220

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of UF membranes for purification and concentration of effluents from detergent production. During preliminary experiments flat-sheet Amicon (the cut-off of 100, 50, 1 and 0.5 kDa) and Intersep (the cut-off of 30, 10 and 4 kDa) membranes were used. Semi-pilot and full-scale cross-flow experiments were performed using Koch/Romicon capillary ultrafiltration mod-ules with polysulfone membranes of the cut-off of 2 and 5 kDa. The results obtained indicate that a decrease of membrane cut-off value improves the efficiency of effluent treatment. The membrane with a cut-off of 0.5 kDa yields the best separation efficiency: the decrease of COD-Cr value is over 85%, which corresponds to COD-Cr of permeate equal to 8800g O2/m3. It has been found that UF capillary modules made by Koch/Romicon are suitable for concentration of highly polluted effluents containing detergents. The modules applied are characterised by stable transport and separation properties. In the course of a long-term concentration of effluents, an essential drop in a permeability was not observed and the permeate quality remained almost constant, although a systematic increase in pollution load of the concentrate occurred.