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Formyl Group as a Source of AGIBA Effect in Mono-, Di- and Tri- Formylo Derivatives of Benzene

Frączak B. T., Krygowski T. M., Cyrański M. K., Korybut-Daszkiewicz B

Polish Journal of Chemistry

2008

Vol. 82, nr 10

1999-2007

Experimental geometry of 1,3,5-triformylobenzene and the optimized geometry of mono, meta- and para- diformylo - and 1,3,5-triformylo- benzene deriva tives were used for analysis of structural and energetic consequences of angular group induced bond alternation (AGIBA) effect of substituent. The effect is mostly observed by a substantial imbalance of the Kekulé structures of the ring in molecules in questions - the cis-type bonds in the ring in respect to CO bond in the formyl groups are al ways longer than the trans ones. Energetic differences between molecules with and with out AGIBA ef fects are rather small. Key words: substituent effect, pi-electron delocalization, canonical structures, AGIBA

Sensivity Performance of ALL-Pole Canonical Low-Pass Gm-C Filters

Kozieł S., Szczepański S.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

2002

Vol. 50, Nr 4

313--340

In the paper, sensivity properties of all-pole canonical low-pass Gm-C filters are investigated. The two most important representatives of this class are leap-frog and inverse follow-the-leader structures. We present a general structure of all-pole cononical low-pass filter of arbitrary order as well as its matrix description. The formulas for sensivity functions are also given. The comparison of sensivity properties for canonical structures up to 10th order is performed for Butterworth, Chebyshev and Bessel filters. Design guidelines that follow from the presented results are also discussed.