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Comprehensive chromatographic profiling of cannabis from 23 USA States marketed for medical purposes

Al Bakain Ramia Z, Al-Degs Yahya, Cizdziel James V., Elsohly Mahmoud A.

Acta Chromatographica

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2021

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Vol. 33, no. 1

78--90

EN

In this research, cannabis varieties represent 23 USA States were assayed by GC-FID to generate their complex chemical profiles informative for plants clustering. Results showed that 45 cannabinoids and terpenoids were quantified in all plant samples, where 8 cannabinoids and 18 terpenoids were identified. Among organics, Δ9-THC, CBN (cannabinoids) and Fenchol (terpenoid) not only showed the highest levels overall contents, but also were the most important compounds for cannabis clustering. Among States, Washington, Oregon, California and Hawaii have the highest cannabis content. GC-FID data were subjected to PCA and HCA to find (1) the variations among cannabis chemical profiles as a result of growing environment, (2) to reveal the compounds that were responsible for grouping cultivars between clusters and (3) finally, to facilitate the future profile prediction and States clustering of unknown cannabis based on the chemical profile. The 23 cannabis USA States were grouped into three clusters based on only Δ9-THC, CBN, C1 and Fenchol content. Cannabis classification based on GCprofile will meet the practical needs of cannabis applications in clinical research, industrial production, patients’ self-production, and contribute to the standardization of commercially-available cannabis cultivars in USA.

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Nowe substancje psychoaktywne. Cz. 2 - syntetyczne kannabinoidy - charakterystyka, metody oznaczania i wyzwania analityczne

Woźniak M. K., Wiergowski M., Biziuk M.

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2017

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nr 4

20--25

PL

Największym wyzwaniem dla międzynarodowych polityk antynarkotykowych jest szybkie i skuteczne reagowanie na dynamiczny i stale zmieniający się rynek podaży nowych narkotyków.

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Fast confirmation for marijuana metabolite: THC-COOH, ultra-fast LC—MS/MS run time, and application to routine samples

Zazoğlu S., Anilanmert B., Aydin M., Cengiz S.

Acta Chromatographica

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2017

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Vol. 29, no. 2

253--265

EN

A fast, reliable, inexpensive, and practical method with a low determination limit and high recovery has been developed for the determination of the marijuana metabolite in routine analysis. THC-COOH in urine was validated using liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (LC—MS/MS). Before an easy single-step extraction with Toxi-Tubes, basic hydrolysis was performed at 60 °C for 30 min. LC—MS/MS analysis takes 2.5 min for each sample, and the retention time of the analyte is 1.75 min. Specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, repeatability, and intermediate precision (inter-day) system suitability parameters were determined in the validation study. The recovery of the extraction method was 88.67 (±5.91). LOD and LOQ values were 1.41 and 5.00 ng mL−1, respectively. The method showed linear response between the values 5.00 and 500.00 ng mL−1. The repeatability was 9.64% (relative standard deviation, RSD%), and the intermediate precisions (RSDR%) were 10.73%, 13.74%, and 8.11% at 10.00, 100.00, and 200.00 ng mL−1 concentration levels, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in ANOVA analysis, between three consecutive days in intermediate precision study, for 90% confidence level. HorRat values were between 0.34 and 0.61. The method was applied to CEDIA positive samples, obtained from the Trabzon Group Presidency of Turkish Council of Forensic Medicine, successfully.

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Korzyści i niebezpieczeństwa leczniczego stosowania kannabinoidów

Janus J., Łukaszczuk P., Borowiak K., Białecka M., Machoy-Mokrzyńska A.

Problemy Nauk Stosowanych

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2016

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T. 4

137--144

PL

Wstęp i cel: Kannabinoidy są ligandami receptorów kannabinoidowych CB1 i CB2. Ze względu na budowę chemiczną podzielono je na kilka klas, z których najwcześniej poznano tetrahydrokanabinole (THC), czyli związki pozyskiwane z marihuany i haszyszu. Dalsze badania wykazały, że fizjologicznie w organizmie człowieka także występują związki o podobnym działaniu i nazwano je endokannabinoidami. Związki te, wraz z enzymami biorącymi udział w ich syntezie i degradacji oraz z ligandami i receptorami kannabinoidowymi, tworzą endokannabinoidowy fizjologiczny układ kontroli, który odgrywa ważną rolę w neuromodulacji wszystkich neurotransmiterów biorących udział w układzie nagrody. Na podstawie badań behawioralnych na eksperymentalnych modelach zwierzęcych oraz licznych obserwacji i badań klinicznych poznano część efektów biologicznych, wywoływanych przez ligandy receptorów kannabinoidowych, co zwiększyło zainteresowanie tymi związkami w celu ich wykorzystania w modyfikacji wybranych funkcji organizmu człowieka. Materiał i metody: Na podstawie dostępnego piśmiennictwa w pracy przedstawiono najważniejsze aspekty potencjalnego wykorzystania ligandów dla receptorów kannabinoidowych w terapii wybranych chorób, uwzględniając zarówno korzyści, jak i ryzyko ich stosowania. Wniosek: Intensywnie prowadzone badania otwierają nowe perspektywy leczenia wielu chorób i wskazują na możliwości otrzymania nowych leków o unikalnym profilu terapeutycznym.

EN

Introduction and aim: Cannabinoids are known as ligands for cannabinoid receptors namely, CB1 and CB2. Due to their chemical structure they are divided into several classes, of which the earliest recognized is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - the derivative of marijuana and hashish. Further studies have shown that in the human body there can be found compounds - referred to as endocannabinoids - exerting a similar physiological effect to THC. These compounds - along with enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation as well as with cannabinoids receptors and their ligands - form the endocannabinoid physiological control system playing a major role in the neuromodulation process of all neurotransmitters involved in the reward system. Based on behavioural studies carried out on experimental animal models and on the basis of numerous observations and clinical studies, a part of biological effects caused by ligands for CB1 and CB2 receptors have been discovered, which generated the interest in these compounds aiming at their use in the modification of selected functions of the human body. Material and methods: On the grounds of the available literature, the apaper has been presened the most important aspects of therapeutic potential of cannabinoid receptors ligands, taking into consideration the benefits and risks in the treatment of selected diseases. Conclusion: Intensive studies open up new prospects for the treatment of many diseases and provide an opportunity to obtain new drugs with a unique therapeutic profile.