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1
Content available The Use of Coffee Waste in the Reduction of Metallurgical Slags
Matula Tomasz, Kortyka Łukasz, Myćka Łukasz, Łabaj Jerzy, Wojtal Tomasz
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2023
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Vol. 23, iss. 1
103--109
EN
Coffee is grown in over 50 countries around the world, and its sale is the largest in the world trade after crude oil. In the case of coffee beans, after consumption remains a solid waste in the form of a waste plant extract. At present, coffee waste is not fully managed, which means that it is often deposited in landfills. Taking into account their availability on the market and the content of significant amounts of carbon in them, it was proposed to use them as a reducing agent in the processing of copper slags. The use of Solid Coffee Grounds (SCG) as an alternative reducing agent for coke and coke breeze can be beneficial in two aspects. The first is the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the process, and the second is due to the possible release of hydrocarbons from these wastes at high temperatures, which, apart from participating in the reduction process itself, causes also mixing of the bath in the melting unit, which facilitates the process of copper sedimentation in the slag. The experiments carried out on a laboratory scale showed the possibility of reducing the copper content in the slag after the reduction process from 10.3 to 0.41 % by mass. The obtained values of the relative degree of copper splashing for all experiments ranged from 88.4 to 96.0 %. The presented solution is an innovative approach to the use of SCG in the processing of copper slags.
2
Content available Simplified isoperibol calorimetry for thermal testing of dielectric and conducting materials
Moroń L., Żyłka P.
Archives of Electrical Engineering
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2011
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Vol. 60, nr 1
95-104
EN
A simplified isoperibol calorimetry method for measuring specific heat in solids is described. Taking advantage of the classical Nernst dependency the specific heat is calculated from time-domain temperature curves registered for a sample forced heating and natural cooling phase. In order to improve accuracy of the measurements a correction factor, taking into account the heat transferred to the surrounding, is introduced along with a procedure of statistical elimination of unavoidable measurement deviations. The method is implemented in a simple and straightforward measuring system involving no vacuum calorimeter. The method is applicable for quick and routine specific heat measurements performed on small solid dielectric or metallic specimens at near-room temperature. Test results of various materials used commonly in electrical engineering are demonstrated and discussed as well as comparison to drop calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry reference measurements is included. The overall repeatability of the test method and the simplified apparatus is estimated as not worse than 2.6%.
3
Content available Thermal utilization of mixtures of bone waste
Staroń P., Kowalski Z., Krupa-Żuczek K., Wzorek Z.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2010
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Vol. 12, nr 4
26-30
EN
The results of a research related to the physico – chemical properties of the mixture of bone – waste and their ingredients have been presented. The mixtures was made up from waste: bovine bones, pork bones, bone sludge and bone meal. The content of the individual waste in the mixtures was selected on the basis of the heat of the combustion of the mixture and the amount of the waste produced in a meat processing plant. The heat of the combustion has been determined by the calorimeter, the content of phosphorus by spectrophotometric method, calcium by titration and phase composition by X – ray diffraction. The investigations confirmed that pork bones have the highest heat of the combustion 17 MJ/kg because of a big amount of fats. The analyzed waste has contained on average 16.5 wt % phosphorus and above 30 wt % calcium. X – ray diffraction method has proved that in bone waste one phase – hydroxyapatite occurs.
4
Content available remote Współczynniki termiczne procesu GTAW
Mróz M., Orłowicz A. W., Tupaj M.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2005
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R. 5, nr 17
217-224
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu parametrów technologicznych na sprawność cieplną i sprawność topienia w procesie kształtowania na powierzchni odlewów ze stopu AK 20 nadtopień z zastosowaniem metody Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Do oceny sprawności cieplnej procesu zastosowano kalorymetr przepływowy. Stosowano prędkość skanowania łukiem elektrycznym 200, 400, 600 i 800 mm/min, a natężenie prądu wynosiło 100, 150, 200, 250 i 300 A. Z zastosowaniem metody regresji krokowej ustalono związki pomiędzy parametrami procesu technologicznego, a sprawnością cieplną i sprawnością topienia.
EN
In this work the effect of the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW ) process parameters on the arc efficiency and melting efficient was presented. A through-flow calorimeter was employed for thermal measurements. The surface fusion process was performed in argon atmosphere under varied electric arc travel speed (vs =200, 400, 600 and 800mm/min) and current intensity (I = 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300A). Relationships between GTAW process parameters and total heat content of the weld sample, as well as heat input that leads to melting of the weld volume were defined.
5
Content available remote Zastosowanie łuku elektrycznego do nadtapiania powierzchniowego odlewów ze stopu C355
Orłowicz A. W., Mróz M.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2004
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R. 4, nr 11/2
65--70
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu parametrów procesu GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) na ilość ciepła wprowadzonego do materiału nadtapianego (Qcal) oraz ilość ciepła zużytego na utworzenie nadtopienia (Qtop) podczas nadtapiania odlewów ze stopu C355. Do pomiarów cieplnych zastosowano kalorymetr przepływowy. Wyznaczono parametry geometryczne nadtopień. Ustalono związki pomiędzy parametrami technologicznymi procesu nadtapiania, geometrią nadtopień oraz ilością ciepła wprowadzonego do materiału i ilością ciepła zużytego na utworzenie nadtopień.
EN
The paper presents the results of the effect of GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) process parameters on the quantity of total heat content of the weld sample and the quantity of heat input that leads to melting on castings of C355 alloy. A through-flow calorimeter was employed for thermal measurements. Geometric parameters of fusions were determined. Relationships between GTAW process parameters, fusion geometry and total heat content of the weld sample, as well as heat input that leads to melting of the weld volume were defined.
6
Content available remote Wpływ parametrów spawania na sprawność cieplną i sprawność topienia procesu GTAW
Orłowicz A. W., Mróz M.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2003
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R. 3, nr 10
74--80
PL
Praca dotyczyła oceny sprawności cieplnej i sprawności topienia w procesie nadtapiania powierzchniowego odlewów ze stopu AK 7. W badaniach zastosowano kalorymetr przepływowy. Określono ilość ciepła zużytego do utworzenia nadtopienia. Proces nadtapiania wykonano w atmosferze helu, zmieniając prędkość skanowania łukiem elektrycznym i natężenie prądu. Ustalono związki pomiędzy parametrami technologicznymi procesu GTAW, a geometrią nadtopień.
EN
A study was conducted on the arc and melting efficiency of the gas tungsten arc welding process. The application of the flow type calorimeter for the measurement of arc efficiency is described. The experiment compared workpice materials AK 7 (LM 25) and varied arc power and travel speed. Arc and melting efficiency was determined as a function of welding current and travel speed. The fusion geometry parameters was determined as a function of the product of net arc power and travel speed and as a function of energy input per unit fusion length.
7
Content available remote A study of arc and melting efficiency in GTAW process
Orłowicz A. W., Trytek A.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2003
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R. 3, nr 8
131--140
EN
A study was conducted on the arc and melting efficiency of the gas tungsten arc welding process. The application of the flow type calorimeter for the measurement of arc efficiency is described. The experiment compared worpice materials (spheroidal graphite cast iron) and varied arc power and travel speed. Arc and melting efficiency was determined as a function of current and travel speed as a function of energy input per unit fusion lenght and as function the product of net arc power and travel speed. A stepwise regression method was used to develop relationship betwen GTAW process parametrs and those of fusion geometry, arc efficiency and melting efficiency for the obtained set.
PL
Praca dotyczy określenia sprawności cieplnej i sprawności topienia łukiem elektrycznym przy zastosowaniu elektrody nietopliwej. Dla określenia sprawności cieplnej stosowano kalorymetr przepływowy. Badania prowadzono na próbkach z niestopowego żeliwa sferoidalnego. Zmieniano moc łuku i prędkość skanowania. Analizowano wpływ natężenia prądu, energii liniowej oraz energii wprowadzonej do nagrzewanego materiału i wpływ prędkości skanowania łukiem elektrycznym na sprawność cieplną i sprawność topienia. Stosując metodę regresji krokowej opracowano zależności ujmujące wpływ parametrów procesu na geometrię nadtopień i współczynniki termiczne procesu GTAW.
8
Porównanie barwy okrywy włosowej dwóch odmian lisa pospolitego (Vulpes vulpes L.) za pomocą kolorymetru Minolta
Cholewa R., Czerkas R., Frindt A.
Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna
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2003
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T. 8, nr 1
91--94
PL
Celem niniejszej pracy było porównawcze określenie barwy podszycia za pomocą kolorymetru Minolta dwóch odmian lisa pospolitego: białoszyjnego i srebrzystego. Okazało się, że barwa dolnej warstwy okrywy, tj. podszycia, nie była ciemniejsza u lisa srebrzystego niż u lisa białoszyjnego. Zwrócono natomiast uwagę na tendencje jej pociemnienia u lisów białoszyjnych.
EN
The aim of this work was comparative determination of the fur color of ring neck and silver fox varieties by use of the Minolta colorimeter. It turned out that the color of the lower layer of the hair cover was not darker in the silver fox than in the ring neck one. However, a tendency to its darkening in ring neck foxes was observed.
9
Content available Multichannel calorimeters for measurement of flows of X-ray radiation in the range from 10 up to 200 keV
Vinogradov V. P.
Nukleonika
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2001
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Vol. 46, suppl. 1
99--101
EN
An 8-channel calorimeter was developed and applied to the Plasma focus facility (PF) with flat geometry of electrodes (Filippov type) for the measurements of a hard X-ray (HXR) radiation yield and its spectral distribution. The calorimeter measures the time-integrated HXR flux for one shot of the PF facility without any additional calibrations. The sensitivity ~10–4 J/cm2 was achieved.
10
Standard enthalpy of solution at infinite dilution of cytidine-5'-phosphate and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in water at 25°C
Zielenkiewicz A.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Chemistry
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2000
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Vol. 48, No. 3
261-265
EN
The enthalpies of solution, of cytidine-5'-phosphate and 2',3'-dide-oxyinosine in water at 25° C using the elaborated isoperibol solution calorimeter have been determined.
11
Methods of determiantion of heat effects. Mathematic models of calorimetric systems
Zielenkiewicz W.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Chemistry
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1998
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Vol. 46, No. 4
411-423
EN
Classification of the calorimeter has been presented. The limitations of the applied mathematics model of calorimetric systems have been discused. The N-body method of the determination of total heat effects and thermokinetics has been given.
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